全國統(tǒng)考2024高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第2編語法突破專題十三構(gòu)詞法學(xué)案含解析

PAGE專題十三構(gòu)詞法1.(2024·全國卷Ⅰ，62)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen________(poor)studied.答案：poorly修飾動詞studied應(yīng)用形容詞poor的副詞形式poorly。2．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ，68)Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto________(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.答案：strengthen在不定式符號to后面用動詞原形。3．(2024·浙江高考，62)Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe________(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.答案：affordablebe動詞后應(yīng)接形容詞。affordable“付得起的”。4．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ，43)And,evenifIweren't________(excite)enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutourinstructorwasappealingenoughtome.答案：excited系動詞后面應(yīng)用形容詞，此處修飾人，故填excited。5．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ，55)________(fortunate),afterabriefstayinhospital,Benwaswellenoughtobeallowedtoleaveandlaterthefamilymetupfordinner.答案：Fortunately副詞作狀語修飾整個句子，故用Fortunately。6．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ，59)Istillcan'tbelievewhata________(coincident)itwas.答案：coincidence不定冠詞a后面應(yīng)接名詞，故填coincidence。7．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ，48)Inher________(excited),shedidn'tseemtorealizethatshewassharingthebaby'sphotoswithacompletestranger.答案：excitementher后應(yīng)接名詞，故填excitement。8．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ，69)However,be________(care)nottogotoextremes.答案：careful名詞加后綴-ful變成形容詞，作表語或定語。此句用于becareful(not)todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)。9．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ，70)Itis________(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.答案：certainly此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾形容詞fun,certain加后綴-ly構(gòu)成其副詞形式。10．(2024·江蘇高考，29，改編)OnlyfiveyearsafterSteveJobs'death,smart-phonesdefeated________(convention)PCsinsales.答案：conventional此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞PCs。名詞后加后綴-al變成形容詞，故填conventional。常用的英語構(gòu)詞法一名詞加后綴構(gòu)成形容詞二動詞加后綴構(gòu)成形容詞三動詞加后綴構(gòu)成名詞四名詞加后綴構(gòu)成相應(yīng)意義的抽象名詞五形容詞加后綴構(gòu)成副詞-lyactually事實上；事實上entirely完全地；全然地；整個地exactly的確如此；恰好；準(zhǔn)確地frequently經(jīng)常；頻繁地gradually漸漸地；逐步地personally就個人而言；親自地selflessly無私地；忘我地sincerely真誠地；真摯地unfortunately不幸地六形容詞加后綴構(gòu)成名詞-nessbrightness光明；亮度；聰穎darkness黑暗；漆黑fitness健康happiness華蜜；歡樂illness疾病kindness慈愛；好意sadness哀痛；哀痛seasickness暈船sickness疾??；惡心七形容詞加后綴構(gòu)成動詞(一)-enblacken使變黑brighten使更光明；使更有希望ripen使成熟；成熟shorten縮短；使變短deepen使……加深；變深sharpen使變得銳利weaken(對某事的決心)動搖；減弱；(使)變?nèi)鮤arden變硬；硬化widen拓寬-izemodernize使現(xiàn)代化realize實現(xiàn)-ifysimplify簡化diversify使……多樣化八形容詞加前綴構(gòu)成動詞(二)en-前綴，表示“使得……，使成為……”enlarge擴大enable使能夠enrich使富有；充溢；改善九常見的表示特定含義的前綴re-(重復(fù)，再)rearrange重新整理reappear再現(xiàn)rebuild重建reconfirm再證明recount重新計算recover重新獲得anti-(反，抗拒)anti-war反戰(zhàn)的anti-pollution防止環(huán)境污染的anti-social反社會的bi-(二，雙)bilingual雙語的bilateral雙邊的ex-(以前的)ex-president前總統(tǒng)ex-husband前夫ex-serviceman退役軍人十表示“人”的名詞后綴-istarchaeologist考古學(xué)家artist藝術(shù)家chemist藥劑師；化學(xué)家cyclist騎自行車的人dentist牙科醫(yī)生journalist記者；新聞工作者novelist小說家pianist鋼琴家；鋼琴演奏者scientist科學(xué)家tourist旅行者；觀光者typist打字員violinist小提琴演奏者-an/-ianAmerican美國人Australian澳大利亞人European歐洲人Russian俄國人Asian亞洲人musician音樂家politician政治家librarian圖書管理員historian歷史學(xué)家十一常用的否定前綴un-(不，非)＋形容詞unable不能的；不會的unbearable難以忍受的；不能容忍的uncertain不準(zhǔn)確的；無把握的uncomfortable不舒適的；不舒適的unfair不公正的；不公允的unusual不同尋常的；獨特的dis-dislike不喜愛disagree不同意disbelief不信；懷疑disorder失調(diào)；紊亂disappearance消逝disagreement分歧；不一樣il-，im-，in-，ir-illegal違法的illiterate不通順的；文盲immoral不道德的impossible不行能的inaccurate不精確的incorrect不正確的irregular不規(guī)則的irresistible不行反抗的non-否定前綴non-stop中途不停的；直達的non-violent非暴力的non-smoker不吸煙的人non-profit非營利的Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·南昌市重點中學(xué)高三年級段考試題)________(consequent),powerwalking,inadditiontoahealthydiet,helpsmanageyourweight.答案：Consequently分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處放在句首，修飾整個句子，作狀語，應(yīng)用其副詞形式。2．Speechisthefastestmethodof________(communicate)betweenpeople.答案：communication介詞of之后要用名詞形式communication作賓語。3．(2024·四川省成都外國語學(xué)校學(xué)期初考試)Anewhabitisnotaboutperformance;it'sabout________(consistent)takingaction.答案：consistently修飾后面的動詞短語takingaction，運用副詞作狀語，故填consistently。4．Chinesescientists________(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.答案：recently修飾謂語動詞應(yīng)用副詞形式。形容詞recent＋-ly構(gòu)成副詞。5．Thecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportant________(grow)inautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.答案：growth前面有形容詞important修飾，此處應(yīng)填名詞growth和后面的development構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。6．Shewentthroughaperiodofemotional________(adjust)afterhermarriagebrokeup.答案：adjustment空格前有形容詞emotional修飾，故應(yīng)填名詞。7．Asavolunteerofenvironmentalprotection,Iamwritingtoraiseyour________(aware)ofprotectingtheenvironment.答案：awareness在形容詞性物主代詞your后面，用名詞形式。句意：作為環(huán)保志愿者，我書面倡議大家提高環(huán)保意識。8．(2024·四川省眉山一中辦學(xué)共同體月考)Travelerscanseethese________(amaze)naturalstructuresfromtheairorunderwater.答案：amazing應(yīng)用形容詞修飾后面的naturalstructures，作定語，指令人驚羨的自然風(fēng)景。amazing“令人驚羨的”。9．(2024·山東省煙臺一中高三質(zhì)量檢測)It'sachanceforyoutolearnmoreabouttraditionalChineseculture.Iamsureitwill________(broad)yourhorizons.答案：broaden句意：這是一個讓你更多地學(xué)習(xí)中國傳統(tǒng)文化的機會。我確信它會擴大你的視野。依據(jù)空格前面的will可知，后面應(yīng)當(dāng)運用動詞，而broad是一個形容詞，故填broaden。10．(2024·深圳耀華試驗學(xué)校高三第一次月考)Lifeisjustablankcloth—youcanpaintabeautifulscene,oryoucanpaintblackghosts(鬼)and________(danger)people.答案：dangerous修飾后面的名詞people，運用形容詞作定語，指“危急的人們”，故填dangerous。Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon'tnaturallysharefoodeither.Humanchildren,ontheotherhandareextremelycooperate.________________________________________________________________答案：cooperate→cooperative此處用形容詞作表語。由派生構(gòu)詞法可知，v.＋-ive構(gòu)成形容詞。2．Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.________________________________________________________________答案：taste→tasty形容詞small,juicy和句子最終一個詞為并列表語，故句末的詞應(yīng)改為其形容詞形式。由派生構(gòu)詞法