【MOOC】大學英語學術閱讀-南京大學 中國大學慕課MOOC答案

【MOOC】大學英語學術閱讀-南京大學中國大學慕課MOOC答案RespondingtoReadingSkimming1、【單選題】Gothroughthepassage“BodyLanguage”within1minute,andanswerthequestionthatfollows.(Tips:Readthefirstsentenceofeachparagraph.)BodyLanguageWhatdoesscientificliteraturetellusabouttheideathatbodylanguagereflectsourrealfeelings?Oneexperimentcarriedoutabout10yearsagobyRossBuckfromCarnegie-MellonUniversityinPennsylvaniasuggeststhatspontaneousfacialexpressionisnotaverygoodindexofrealemotionalstate.Buckandhiscolleaguestestedtheaccuracywithwhichpeoplecouldidentifytheemotionsfeltbyanotherperson.Theypresentedonesetofsubjectswithcolorslidesinvolvingavarietyofemotionally-loadedvisualstimuli-suchas"scenic"slides(landscapes,etc),"maternal"slides(mothersandyoungchildren),disgustingslides(severefacialinjuriesandburns)andunusualslides(artobjects).Unknowntothesesubjects,theywerebeingtelevisedandviewedbyanothermatchedsetofsubjects,whowereaskedtodecide,onthebasisofthetelevisedfacialexpressions,whichofthefoursetsofslideshadjustbeenviewed.Thisexperimentinvolvedbothmaleandfemalepairs,butnopairscomprisingbothmenandwomen;thatismenobservedonlymen,andwomenobservedwomen.Buckfoundthatthefemalepairscorrectlyidentifiedalmost40percentoftheslidesused-thiswasabovethelevelwhichwouldbepredictedbychancealone.(Chancelevelis25percenthere,astherewerefourclassesofslide).Butmalepairscorrectlyidentifiedonly28percentofslides-notsignificantlyabovechancelevel.Inotherwords,thisstudysuggeststhatfacialexpressionisnotaverygoodindexof"real"feeling-andinthecaseofmenwatchingandinterpretingothermen,isalmostuseless.PaulEkmanfromtheUniversityofCaliforniahasconductedalongseriesofexperimentsonnonverballeakage(orhownonverbalbehaviormayrevealrealinnerstates)whichhasyieldedsomemorepositiveandcounter-intuitiveresults.Ekmanhassuggestedthatnonverbalbehaviormayindeedprovideacluetorealfeelingsandhasexploredinsomedetailpeopleactivelyinvolvedindeception,wheretheirverballanguageisnotatrueindicationofhowtheyreallyfeel.EkmanhereagreeswithSigmundFreud,whowasalsoconvincedoftheimportanceofnonverbalbehaviorinspottingdeceptionwhenhewrote:"Hethathaseyestoseeandearstohearmayconvincehimselfthatnomortalcankeepasecret.Ifhislipsaresilent,hechatterswithhisfinger-tips;betrayaloozesoutofhimateverypore."Ekmanpredictedthatthefeetandlegswouldprobablyholdthebestcluetodeceptionbecausealthoughthefacesendsoutveryquickinstantaneousmessages,peopleattendtoandreceivemostfeedbackfromthefaceandthereforetrytocontrolitmost.Inthecaseofthefeetandlegsthe"transmissiontime"ismuchlongerbutwehavelittlefeedbackfromthispartofthebody.Inotherwords,weareoftenunawareofwhatwearedoingwithourfeetandlegs.Ekmansuggestedthatthefaceisequippedtoliethemost(becauseweareoftenawareofourfacialexpression)andto"leak"themost(becauseitsendsoutmanyfastmomentarymessages)andisthereforegoingtobeaveryconfusingsourceofinformationduringdeception.Thelegsandfeetwouldbetheprimarysourceofnonverballeakageandholdthemaincluetodeception.Theformtheleakageinthelegsandfeetwouldtakewouldinclude"aggressivefootkicks,flirtatiouslegdisplays,abortiverestlessflightmovements".Cluestodeceptioncouldbeseenin"tenselegpositions,frequentshiftsoflegposture,andinrestlessorrepetitivelegandfootmovements."Ekmanconductedaseriesofexperimentstotesthisspeculations,someinvolvingpsychiatricpatientswhowereengagingindeception,usuallytoobtainreleasefromhospital.Hemadefilmsofinterviewsinvolvingthepatientsandshowedthese,withoutsound,tooneoftwogroupsofobservers.Onegroupviewedonlythefaceandhead,theothergroup,thebodyfromtheneckdown.Eachobserverwasgivenalistof300adjectivesdescribingattitudes,emotionalstate,andsoon,andhadtosaywhichadjectivesbestdescribedthepatients.Theresultsindicatedquitedramaticallythatindividualswhoutilizedthefacetendedtobemisledbythepatients,whereasthosewhoconcentratedonthelowerbodyweremuchmorelikelytodetecttherealstateofthepatientsandnotbemisledbytheattempteddeception.Thesestudiesthussuggestthatsomebodylanguagemayindeedreflectourrealfeelings,evenwhenwearetryingtodisguisethem.Mostpeoplecan,however,managetocontrolfacialexpressionquitewellandthefaceoftenseemstoprovidelittleinformationaboutrealfeeling.PaulEkmanhasmorerecentlydemonstratedthatpeoplecanbetrainedtointerpretfacialexpressionmoreaccuratelybutthis,notsurprisingly,isaslowlaboriousprocess.Ekman'sresearch,suggeststhatthefeetandlegsbetrayagreatdealaboutrealfeelingsandattitudesbuttheresearchisnowherenearidentifyingthemeaningsofparticularfootmovements.RayBirdwhistelloftheEasternPennsylvaniaPsychiatricInstitutehasgonesomewaytowardsidentifyingsomeofthebasicnonverbalelementsofthelegsandfeet,andasafirstapproximationhasidentified58separateelements.Butthemeaningsoftheseparticularelementsarefarfromclearandneitheraretherulesforcombiningtheelementsintolargermeaningfulunits.Perhapsinyearstocomewewillhavea"language"ofthefeetprovidedthatwecansuccessfullysurmounttheproblemsdescribedearlierinidentifyingthebasicformsofmovementfollowingBirdwhistell'spioneeringefforts,ofhowtheymaycombineintolargerunits,andinteachingpeoplehowtheymightmakesenseofapparentlycontradictorymovements.Inthemeantime,ifyougotoapartyandfindsomeonepeeringintentlyatyourfeet-beware.*********************************************************Question:Whatdoesthispassagewanttotellthereaders?本題答案：【Somebodylanguagemayindeedreflectpeople’srealfeelings.】Scanning1、【單選題】Readthepassage"TheDiscoveryofX-rays"quicklyandchoosetheparagraph(s)whichcontain(s)theanswer(s).Youmaychoosemorethanoneanswerforquestion3.TheDiscoveryofX-raysPar.1ExceptforabriefdescriptionoftheComptoneffect,andafewotherremarks,wehavepostponedthediscussionofX-raysuntilthepresentchapterbecauseitisparticularlyconvenienttotreatX-rayspectraaftertreatingopticalspectra.AlthoughthisorderingmayhavegiventhereaderadistortedimpressionofthehistoricalimportanceofX-rays,thisimpressionwillbecorrectedshortlyaswedescribethecrucialroleplayedbyX-raysinthedevelopmentofmodernphysics.Par.2X-rayswerediscoveredin1895byRoentgenwhilestudyingthephenomenaofgaseousdischarge.Usingacathoderaytubewithahighvoltageofseveraltensofkilovolts,henoticedthatsaltsofbariumwouldfluorescewhenbroughtnearthetube,althoughnothingvisiblewasemittedbythetube.Thiseffectpersistedwhenthetubewaswrappedwithalayerofblackcardboard.Roentgensoonestablishedthattheagencyresponsibleforthefluorescenceoriginatedatthepointatwhichthestreamofenergeticelectronsstrucktheglasswallofthetube.Becauseofitsunknownnature,hegavethisagencythenameX-rays.HefoundthatX-rayscouldmanifestthemselvesbydarkeningwrappedphotographicplates,dischargingchargedelectroscopes,aswellasbycausingfluorescenceinanumberofdifferentsubstances.HealsofoundthatX-rayscanpenetrateconsiderablethicknessesofmaterialsoflowatomicnumber,whereassubstancesofhighatomicnumberarerelativelyopaque.RoentgentookthefirststepsinidentifyingthenatureofX-raysbyusingasystemofslitstoshowthat(1)theytravelinstraightlines,andthat(2)theyareuncharged,becausetheyarenotdeflectedbyelectricormagneticfields.Par.3ThediscoveryofX-raysarousedtheinterestofallphysicists,andmanyjoinedintheinvestigationoftheirproperties.In1899HagaandWindperformedasingleslitdiffractionexperimentwithX-rayswhichshowedthat(3)X-raysareawavemotionphenomenon,and,fromthesizeofthediffractionpattern,theirwavelengthcouldbeestimatedtobe10-8cm.In1906Barklaprovedthat(4)thewavesaretransversebyshowingthattheycanbepolarizedbyscatteringfrommanymaterials.Par.4Thereis,ofcourse,nolongeranythingunknownaboutthenatureofX-rays.Theyareelectromagneticradiationofexactlythesamenatureasvisiblelight,exceptthattheirwavelengthisseveralordersofmagnitudeshorter.Thisconclusionfollowsfromcomparingproperties1through4withthesimilarpropertiesofvisiblelight,butitwasactuallypostulatedbyThomsonseveralyearsbeforeallthesepropertieswereknown.ThomsonarguedthatX-raysareelectromagneticradiationbecausesuchradiationwouldbeexpectedtobeemittedfromthepointatwhichtheelectronsstrikethewallofacathoderaytube.Atthispoint,theelectronssufferveryviolentaccelerationsincomingtoastopand,accordingtoclassicalelectromagnetictheory,allacceleratedchargedparticlesemitelectromagneticradiations.WeshallseelaterthatthisexplanationoftheproductionofX-raysisatleastpartiallycorrect.Par.5Incommonwithotherelectromagneticradiations,X-raysexhibitparticle-likeaspectsaswellaswave-likeaspects.ThereaderwillrecallthattheComptoneffect,whichisoneofthemostconvincingdemonstrationsoftheexistenceofquanta,wasoriginallyobservedwithelectromagneticradiationintheX-rayregionofwavelengths.WhenwereX-raysdiscovered?本題答案：【Par.2】2、【單選題】WhodiscoveredX-rays?本題答案：【Par.2】3、【多選題】WhatarethefourcharacteristicsofX-rays?本題答案：【Par.2#Par.3】Identifyingmainideas1、【多選題】Toidentifythemainideaofaparagraph,wecanlookfor________.本題答案：【thetopicsentence#repeatedkeywords】2、【多選題】Toidentifyingthemainideaofatext,wecan________.本題答案：【lookfortopicsentences,keywordsandrepeatedinformation#lookattitlesandsubtitlesofthetext#readtheintroductoryandconcludingparagraphs】3、【多選題】Whenthemainideasareimplied,wecantakesomestepstofindtheimpliedmainideasincluding________.本題答案：【readthetext#findoutthecommonbondamongthedetails#summarizethebondandtheauthor’spointsaboutthebond】4、【判斷題】Themainideaisthebrief,notall-encompassingsummary.本題答案：【錯誤】5、【判斷題】Themainideaisalwayscontainedinthefirstorthelastsentenceofaparagraph.本題答案：【錯誤】RespondingtoReadingDistinguishingMainIdeasandDetails1、【填空題】Task1:Matcheachtopicsentencewithasupportingdetail.TopicSentenceSupportingDetail1.___Veryfewpeopleinanewjobcouldcarryouttheirdutiesperfectlyfromthestart.2.___Itisworthdoingacourse,ifthatskillisingreatdemandatpresent.3.___Latestfiguresshowrecordunemploymentfor16-year-oldschoolleavers.4.___Thisparticularrecruitmentagencyhasaremarkablerecordoffillingjobvacancies.5.___Therearelistsofstandardinterviewquestionsontheinternet.A.Thishasbeenputdowntothecurrenteconomicclimate,whichshowsnosignofimproving.B.Themainreasonforthisisthattheymakesuretheirrecommendedcandidatesaresuitable.C.Employersunderstandthatthereisalearningcurveineveryposition.D.Anobviousexampleiscomputerliteracy,whichisamustineveryofficenowadays.E.Theseincludeclassicslike‘What’syourgreatestweakness?’andcandidatesshouldhaveananswerprepared.Writedownthe5correspondinglettersofthesupportingdetailsforthe5topicsentences.(Writeyouranswerlikethis:ABCDE)本題答案：【cdabe##%_YZPRLFH_%##CDABE】2、【填空題】Task2:Matchtheparagraphswiththetopicsentences.Thereisoneextrasentencewhichyoudonotneedtouse.ParagraphTopicSentence1.___No-oneisexpectinganintervieweetogrinmanicallythroughouttheinterview,butthere’snothingworsethanablankorworriedexpression.Here’sanoldtrick:lookingupattheceilingandraisingyoureyebrowsjustbeforeenteringtheinterviewroomwillrelaxyourface.2.___Interviewersspendalldaylisteningtoanswerstothesamesetofquestions,andsotheywouldappreciatesomeonewhoisconcise.Also,digressingintoananecdoteaboutyourAuntSandydoesn’tsaymuchforyourabilitytofocusononetask.Ifyouhavearelevantstorytotell,practiseituntilyoucandeliveritinasfewwordsaspossible.3.___Scratchingthenoseorbreakingeyecontact,forexample,arebothsuresignsthattheintervieweeisnotbeingentirelyhonest.Someonewhodoesnotsitstraightmightbelazy,whilesomeonewhositstoostraightisprobablynotcreative.Thesearesubjectiveandperhapshastyjudgements,butinterviewersarehuman,likeeveryoneelse.A.Yourfaceshouldbeopenandfriendly,invitingconversationfromtheinterviewer.B.Smalldetails,suchasposture,orthewayyouholdyourhead,haveagreaterimpactthanyoucanimagine.C.Oneinterviewerwesurveyedsaidshepaysalotofattentiontoacandidate’sbodylanguage.D.Candidatesshouldkeeptheiranswerstothepoint,withoutbeingmonosyllabic.Writedownthe3correspondinglettersofthetopicsentencesforthe3paragraphs.本題答案：【adb##%_YZPRLFH_%##ADB】Referencing1、【多選題】Pronounsincluding________canbeusedasreferencewordstopresentotherelementsintexts.本題答案：【subjectpronouns#objectpronouns#possessivepronouns#reflectivepronouns】2、【多選題】Whichofthefollowingwordsandphrasescanrefertoantecedentsintexts?本題答案：【Previouslystated#Andsoon#Synonyms#Wordspresentingcollectiveideas】3、【判斷題】Sameaspronouns,noun-phrasereferencewordscancarrypreciseinformation,makingiteasyforreaderstofollow.本題答案：【錯誤】4、【判斷題】Someadjectivessuchasmy,your,this,those,other,another,etc.andadverbssuchashereandtherecanalsobereferencewords.本題答案：【正確】5、【判斷題】Writersusereferencewordsintextstoavoidrepetitionofcertainwordsandphrases.本題答案：【正確】DealingwithUnfamiliarWords1、【單選題】Task:ReadthearticleaboutakindoffitnesstrainingcalledHIIT.Thenchoosethebestexplanationsforsomeofthewordsandexpressions.HIIT:Isthefitnessscene'sbiggestfaddoingmoreharmthangood?1.HighIntensityIntervalTraining(HIIT)hasbeenthedarlingofthefitnesssceneforafewyearsnow.Fundamentally,itinvolvesrepetitionsofshortburstsofintense,'maximaleffort'exercise;usuallyforanywherebetween20to40seconds.2.ThetheorybehindHIITisveryappealing.Byworkingoutatyourtoplevelofexertion,youburnmorecaloriesinashortspaceoftimethanotherworkouts.What'smore,studiesshowthatyourmetabolismstaysinaheightenedstateforupto24hoursafteryou'vefinished.Andinpractice,HIITcanhaveimpressiveresults.It'saneffectivetoolforincreasingcardiovascularfitness,sculptingyourphysiqueandincreasingmetabolicrate.HencewhyHIITclassesarepoppingupallovertheplace.Peoplehavebecomeaccustomedtoturninguptoaclasswithloudmusicanddarklighting,justlikeanightclub–andleavinginthesamestate:barelyabletowalk.3.However...IhaveabigbonetopickwithHIIT,whichisthatthere'softennofocusonformortechniqueintheseclasses,eventhoughit'snowprescribedasthego-toformofexerciseforeveryone.Instead,themeasureofagoodHIITsessionsseemstobehow'destroyed'youfeelafteraclass.It'sinevitablethatproblemsarisefromthis'allpainforgain'approach.4.Oneissueissimplythatpeoplearedoingworkoutsthatthey'renotconditionedfor.Thereisnoemphasisonflexibility,mobilityoractivationinmanyHIITclasses;yetallareincrediblyimportantinkeepingthebodyfitandhealthyasyouage.5.What'smore,Iregularlyseepeople“smashing”multipleHIITclassesaday,5-6daysperweek.HIITshouldnotbedonemorethanthreetimesperweek(atmost),becauseitissostrenuous.Itputsanincrediblestrainonyournervoussystem,jointsandmuscles;especiallyifyouareoverweightandunfit.6.TheHIITapproachtoexercisehasgoneOTT.It'senteringunsustainableterritory.7.HIIT’sriseinpopularityissymptomaticofwhatiswrongwiththefitnessindustryasawhole:abrazendisregardofthefundamentals,andadetrimental“onesizefitsall”mentality.Havingtrained100sofclientsinmyfiveyearsasapersonaltrainer,thebiggestissuesmostpeoplehavearealackofflexibility,mobilityandcorestrength,ontopofmuscleactivationissues.AlloftheabovecanleadtochronicinjuriesandarefurtherexacerbatedbyHIIT.8.Mybeliefisthateveryoneshouldtrytotrainlikeathletesdo.Idon’tmeanthesametrainingfrequencyandintensityasathletes,Imeanthementalityandtheapproach.Havingtrainedasacompetitivesprinterforfouryears,Ilearnedtotakeeveryaspectofmylifeintoaccount:sleep,restdays,nutritionandweaknesses.Ilearnttolistentomybody.SomedaysIwouldwakeupfeelingtiredandfatigued,soonthosedaysIwouldn’ttrainhard.Iwoulddosomethinglessintenseandfocusonrecovery.9.Remember:burningcaloriesisn'tthebeallandendalloffitnessandgoodhealth.Yes,HIITmayburnmorecaloriesthananyotherformofexercise,butit'snouseifitleadstoinjuryorillness.Overtrainingisarealdanger:itcanruinyourimmunesystem,causeinsomnia,affectyourappetiteandreleasecortisol,whichinturncanmakeyoumorelikelytoputonfat.********************************************Whatdoestheword“fad”inthetitleprobablymean?本題答案：【Craze.】2、【單選題】Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“IhaveabigbonetopickwithHIIT”inPar.3?本題答案：【Heisannoyedbyitandwantstotalkaboutit.】3、【單選題】Whatdoestheword“smash”probablymeaninPar.5?本題答案：【Dosomethingfastorinlargeamount.】4、【單選題】Whatdoestheabbreviation“OTT”probablymeaninPar.6?本題答案：【Beyondwhatisconsiderednormal.】5、【單選題】Whatdoestheword“symptomatic”meaninPar.7?本題答案：【Beingasign.】6、【單選題】Whatdoestheword“fatigue”meaninPar.8?本題答案：【Exhausted.】RespondingtoReadingHigherorderreadingstrategies1、【多選題】Whatarethetwowaysoflookingatthestructureofatext?本題答案：【Theoveralllayoutofthetext.#Thelanguageitusestoconnectdifferentpartsofthetextintoawhole.】2、【多選題】Whichofthefollowingcanbehelpfulforfindingstructuresorpatternsofatext?本題答案：【Abstracts.#Introductionsandconclusions.#Headingsandsubheadings.#Thesisstatementsandtopicsentences.】3、【多選題】Inwhatwayapassagecanbeorganized?本題答案：【Orderoftime.#Orderofspace.#Orderofprocess.#Orderofimportance.】4、【多選題】Criticalreadingreferstoaprocessofreadinginwhichreadersareencouragedto________.本題答案：【interpretimpliedmeaning#assesstheauthor’sideas#reacttotheideaspresented#synthesizeandcomparevarioussources#evaluatethearguments】5、【判斷題】Attheendoftheintroduction,authorsoftenprovidethesisstatements,whichwillnotonlyrevealthemainideas,butalsothesupportingevidenceofthethesisstatement.本題答案：【錯誤】IdentifyingAuthor'sPurpose1、【單選題】Passage1Mostofusthink(erroneously)thatwritersjustsitdownandchurnoutawonderfulessay,storyorpoeminonesittinginaflashofgeniusandinspiration.Thisisnottrue.Experiencedwritersusethewritingprocessfromstarttofinishtohelpthemwriteacleardocument.Ifyoudonotreflectonyourcompositioninstagesandmakechangesasyoudevelopit,youwillnotseealltheproblemsorerrorinit.Don’ttrytowriteanessayorstoryjustonceandleavetheroom.That’samistakemadebynovicewritersandwillbeglaringlyobvioustoanexperiencedreader.Stayandlookthroughyourwork.Reflectuponwhatyou’vecomposed.Evenbetter,useawritingprocesswhereyouprewriteandplan,writearoughdraft,organizeideas,editandproofread.Yourwritingwillsuffertheconsequencesofpoorcraftsmanshipotherwise.Theauthormostlikelywrotetheparagraphinorderto:本題答案：【suggestthatnewwritersusethewritingprocesstocrafttheirwork.】2、【單選題】Passage2Onahighway,behindthegateofavastgarden,attheendofwhichcouldbediscernedthewhitehuesofaprettymanorhousebathedinsunlight,wasabeautiful,freshchild,cladinthosecountryclothesthataresocoquettish.Luxury,freedomfromcares,thehabitualsightofrichestmakesuchchildrensoprettythatoneistemptedtoconsiderthemmoldedofadifferentsubstancefromthechildrenofmediocrityandpoverty.Besidehim,lyingonthegrass,wasasplendidtoy,asfreshasitsowner,varnished,gilded,cladinacrimsoncloakandcoveredwithplumesandglassbeads.Butthechildwastakingnonoticeofhisfavoritetoy,andthisiswhathewaslookingat:Ontheothersideofthegate,outontheroadway,amongthenettlesandthistles,wasanotherchild,dirty,sickly,soiledwithsoot,oneofthosepariah-kidsinwhomanimpartialeyewoulddiscoverbeauty,astheeyeofaconnoisseurcandivineanidealpaintingunderneathalayeroftarnish,ifonlytherepugnantpatinaofpovertywerewashedaway.--From“ThePoorChild’sToy”byCharlesBaudelaire.Theauthormostlikelymentionsthephysicalappearanceoftheimpoverishedchildinthelastparagraphinorderto:本題答案：【contrastthepovertyofthesecondchildwiththeprivilegeofthefirst.】3、【單選題】Passage3Thehigh-techworldofclocksandschedules,computersandprogramswassupposedtofreeusfromalifeoftoilanddeprivation,yetwitheachpassingdaythehumanracebecomesmoreenslaved,exploited,andvictimized.Millionsstarvewhileafewliveinsplendor.Thehumanraceremainsdividedfromitselfandseveredfromthenaturalworldthatisitsprimordialcommunity.Wenoworchestrateanartificialtimeworld,zippingalongtheelectroniccircuitsofsiliconchips,atimeworldutterlyalienfromthetimeafruittakestoripen,oratidetakestoreceded.Wehavespedourselvesoutofthetimeworldofnatureandintoafabricatedtimeworldwhereexperiencecanonlybesimulatedbutnolongersavored.Ourweeklyroutinesandworklivesarepunctuatedwithartificialrhythms,theunholyunionofperspectiveandpower.Andwitheachnewelectricdawnanddusk,wegrowfurtherapartfromeachother,moreisolatedandalone,moreincontrolandlessself-assured.--From“TimeWars”byJeremyRifkinTheauthor’sfirstparagraphprimarilyservesto:本題答案：【criticizetechnologybecauseitcauseshumanstoturnfromthenaturalworld.】4、【單選題】Passage4Whenmostpeoplethinkofashipwreck,theyimaginetheremainsofahugewoodenormetalboatcrashedalongthebottomoftheocean.Fishswiminandoutofthemangledboat’shull,andcoralandseaweedclingtoitssides.Meanwhile,diverswithscubagearandcameraspaddletheirwayintothedepthstoexploreinsidethelong-forgottenvessel.Theymightfindanythingfromoldpotterytorustycannonstopirategold,butonethingiscertain:thedeepcoldwaterhasswalloweduptheshipandkeptitsecretforaverylongtime.Surprisingly,though,waterisnotalwaysanecessaryelementinshipwreckexplorations.Fewpeoplerealizethatmanyimportantshipwreckscanbefoundonland.Tradingskiffs,warships,andpirategalleonsalikehavebeenfoundburieddeepinriverbeds,hilltops,andcornfieldsthroughouttheworld.Theauthormostlikelycomposedthesetwoparagraphsinorderto:本題答案：【informthereaderaboutsurprisingplacesshipwreckshavebeenfound.】5、【單選題】Passage5Eachtimeapersonopenshisorhermouthtoeat,heorshemakesanutritionaldecision.Theseselectionsmakeadefinitivedifferenceinhowanindividuallooks,feels,andperformsatworkorplay.Whenagoodassortmentoffoodlikefreshfruits,leafyvegetables,wholegrainsandleanproteinsisselectedandeaten,theconsequencesarelikelytobedesirablelevelsforhealthandenergytoallowonetobeasactiveasneeded.Conversely,whenchoicesconsistofprocessedfoodslikepackagedcookies,crackers,andsodas,itemsfilledwithsugars,hydrogenatedfats,chemicalsandpreservatives–allofwhichcanbeharmfulinlargequantities–theconsequencescanbepoorhealthorlimitedenergyorboth.StudiesofAmericandiets,particularlythedietsoftheveryyoung,revealunsatisfactorydietaryhabitsasevidencedbythenumbersofoverweightandout-of-shapeyoungchildren.Parents,whoaresupposedtobemastersoftheirchildren’sdietaryhabits,oftenleavenutritionalchoicestotheirchildren,whoarenotinformedenoughtomakehealthydecisions.IfanyoneistoblameforthechildhoodobesitycrisisintheUnitedStatestoday,itistheparentswhoallowtheirchildrentoeatnutritionallybankruptfoods.Theauthormostlikelyusesthephrase“filledwithsugars,hydrogenatedfats,chemicalsandpreservatives–allofwhichcanbeharmfulinlargequantities”inorderto:本題答案：【intensifythenegativereactiontoprocessedfoods.】MakingPredictions1、【單選題】Hereistheheadlineofanewsarticle.Predictwhatthearticlemightbeabout.Question:Thenewsarticlemightbeabout____.本題答案：【effortsatwhaleprotection】2、【單選題】Lookatthetitle,subtitle,source,pictureandnotesofthenewsarticleintroducedintask1.Predictagainwhatthearticlemightbeabout.ScientistsaimtokeepwhalesfromthebeingbiggestlosersinsailboatracesNewguidelinescouldhelppreventoften-deadlycollisionswithboatsWashingtonPost,July10,2017TwohumpbackwhalescrestnexttoasailboatoffthecoastofCapeCod,Massachusetts,in2010.Collisionsbetweenracingsailboatsandwhalesareoftendeadlyfortheanimals,soscientistsandracinggroupsareworkingtogethertoreducethechanceofcollisions.(HeidiHansen/WhaleandDolphinConservationviaAP)Question:Thenewsarticlemightbeabout____.本題答案：【effortstoavoidwhale-sailboatcollision】RespondingtoReadingUsingPriorKnowledge1、【多選題】Priorknowledgeisimportantbecause________.本題答案：【ithelpsreaderspreparetheirbraintoread#ithelpsreadersreviewpreviouslylearnedinformation#itmakesreaderstoaskquestionsandmakepredictionsforwhattheyaregoingtoread】2、【多選題】Toactivatepriorknowledgeforanon-fictionaltext,readerscanaskquestionssuchas“_________”.本題答案：【W(wǎng)hatdoesthetitletellme?#Whattopicisthistextabout?#WhatdoIknowaboutthetopic?#WhatdidIlearnwhenIreadthelastsection?】3、【判斷題】Tousepriork