北師大版高三英語一輪復習三第2講非謂語動詞課件

第二部分語法考點突破板塊三動詞的運用第2講非謂語動詞題型高考典題命題角度語法填空1．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandto________(visit)Chinesezoo-keeperswhooftencometocheckonthepandas，whichareonloanfromChina．2．(2023·全國甲卷)Forthousandsofyears，peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)________(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom．3．(2023·全國甲卷)Behindthesimplestyle，however，isaseriousmessage________(intend)foreveryone．4．(2023·全國乙卷)Itishometomorethan3，000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout，withthecitykeepingitscarefully_____(build)systemofringroads．5．(2023·全國乙卷)______________(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years，Iamamazedbytheco-existenceofoldandnew，andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritagewhileconstantlygrowing．6．(2022·全國甲卷)Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi'an，asafirststep___________(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot．7．(2022·全國甲卷)InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation____(hold)inBeijing，Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad．8．(2022·全國乙卷)Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywitha_______(share)futureformankind...1．考查非謂語動詞的句法功能(狀語、定語、賓語、補語、主語和表語等)，以考查主語、賓語、狀語居多；2．考查固定搭配中的非謂語動詞。visitingtoteachintendedbuiltHavingvisitedtojourneyheldshared考點一動詞不定式1．不定式的形式

語態(tài)形式時態(tài)形式

主動被動一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone2．不定式的功能作主語語法規(guī)則例句不定式作主語時，可以直接放在句首。單個的不定式作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Toenteragooduniversityforfurtherstudyismygoalnow．進入一所好大學深造是我現(xiàn)在的目標。不定式作主語時，更多放在謂語之后，用it作形式主語，常用于“Itis/was＋adj．(＋for/ofsb．)＋todosth．”結構中。It'srudetoturnyourbackonyourteacherandrefusetoanswer．對老師不予理睬，拒絕回答問題是不禮貌的。It'snecessaryforustohelpthoseinneed．我們有必要幫助那些有困難的人。作賓語語法規(guī)則例句不定式可作intend，plan，expect，pretend，wouldlike/love/prefer，wish，decide，agree，manage，refuse，promise，attempt，choose，learn，fail，afford等動詞的賓語。Theteacherdecidedtopretendtohaveknownwhattheboyshaddone．Hechosenottoasktheboysbutexpectedtobetoldeverything．老師決定假裝已經(jīng)知道這些男孩子們做了什么。他選擇不去問孩子們，但是期望被告知一切。在某些動詞，如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe等后，常用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語(不定式)后置。Hefeels/thinksitimportanttolearnEnglishwell，butfindsitdifficulttorememberthewords．他認為學好英語很重要，但是發(fā)現(xiàn)記單詞很難。作表語語法規(guī)則例句不定式作表語時，主語多是dream，goal，aim，purpose，plan等表示“意向、打算、計劃”的名詞。Mydreamistobecomeadoctoraftermygraduationfromuniversity．我的夢想是大學畢業(yè)后當一名醫(yī)生。作定語語法規(guī)則例句放在序數(shù)詞，theonly，thenext，形容詞最高級＋名詞后作定語。Johnisalwaysthefirstonetocomeupwithagoodidea．約翰總是第一個想出好辦法的人。放在某些名詞，如chance，opportunity，way，ability，plan等后作定語。Ifeelgreatlyhonouredtohavethechancetodeliveraspeechhere．有機會在這里發(fā)表演講，我感到萬分榮幸。作狀語語法規(guī)則例句作目的狀語時，可位于句首或句中，形式上可用inordertodo，soastodo，todo等。Igotupearlysoasto/inorderto/tocatchtheearlybusinthemorning．我早晨早起是為了趕早班車。作結果狀語時，常用于too...to...，enoughto，so/such...asto結構中。onlytodo常表示出乎意料的結果。IaskedMumtoputupthetentexcitedly，onlytobetoldthetenthadbeenleftbehind．我興沖沖地讓媽媽搭帳篷，卻被告知帳篷忘帶了。放在behappy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised后作原因狀語。IamextremelygladtoknowthatyouarecomingtoChinaforavisitduringthesummerholiday．我很高興得知暑假你要來中國旅游。作賓語補足語語法規(guī)則例句下列動詞后常用不定式作賓語補足語，ask，want，invite，get，force，expect，allow，persuade，order，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，forbid，advise，teach，tell等。Iamwritingtoinviteyoutocometomybirthdayparty．我寫信邀請您來參加我的生日聚會。下列動詞(短語)接省略to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語：feel，hear，listento，let，have，make，see，notice，observe，watch，lookat。但用于被動語態(tài)時，不定式需加to。Ioftenhearthegirlsingthesongwhichispopularrecently．＝Thegirlisoftenheardtosingthesongwhichispopularrecentlybyme．我經(jīng)常聽到這個女孩唱這首最近很流行的歌。1．Icarriedaroundabook，andeachnight，justtobelikemymum，Iwouldpretend_____________(read)．2．Onthisspecialday，manyChinesepeopledecidetogetmarried______(add)meaningtotheirspecialday．3．_______(free)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions，weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness．4．Bytheendof2020，Pruitthadrepairedmorethan140bicyclesfordonationorto___________(return)totheirowners．tobereadingtoaddTofreebereturned5．Fortunately，afterabriefstayinhospital，Benwaswellenoughtobeallowed________(leave)andlaterthefamilymetupfordinner．6．AsofMondaynight，eightpeoplewereknown____________(die)intheincident，thelatestbeingaseverelyinjuredmanwhodiedonthewaytohospital．7．BaggyhasbecomethefirstdogintheUK—andpotentiallytheworld—_______(join)thefightagainstairpollutionbyrecordingpollutantlevelsneartheground．8．OnMarch7，1907，theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascome___________(know)asthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect．9．Forchildrenwhoenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek，there'ssomethinghighlyexcitingaboutescapingsomeoneelse'sglanceandmakingoneselfunable__________(see)．toleavetohavediedtojointobeknowntobeseen考點二動詞-ing形式1．動詞-ing形式的構成語態(tài)形式時態(tài)形式主動被動一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone2．動詞-ing形式的功能作主語語法規(guī)則例句動詞-ing形式作主語時，可以直接放在句首。單個的動詞-ing形式作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，但表示多于一個的概念時，謂語動詞則用復數(shù)。Playingcellphonegamesishisfavourite．玩手機游戲是他的最愛。Beinglaughedatinpublicmademeembarrassed．當眾被人嘲笑讓我感到尷尬。有時用it作形式主語，常用于Itis/wasawaste(of...)/nouse/nogood/nopleasuredoingsth．結構中。Itisnousetryingtopersuadesuchastubbornperson．想要說服這樣一個固執(zhí)的人是沒有什么用處的。作賓語語法規(guī)則例句動詞-ing形式常作介詞的賓語。下列短語中to是介詞：beusedto習慣于；objectto反對；devoteoneselfto致力于；lookforwardto期盼。IhelpMumoutbydoingthehouseworkthatIcando．我通過做力所能及的家務活幫助媽媽。動詞-ing形式可作下列動詞的賓語：mind，miss，mention，enjoy，escape，practise，postpone，suggest，tolerate，consider，keep，avoid，admit，advise，allow/permit，appreciate，risk，resist，recommend，finish，forbid，imagine，dislike，delay，quit，deny等。LittleTomisconsideringquittingpractisingplayingtheviolinbecausehisneighbourcouldn'ttoleratelisteningtothenoiseeveryday．小湯姆正考慮放棄練習拉小提琴，因為他的鄰居難以忍受每天聽到這噪聲。作表語語法規(guī)則例句動詞-ing形式作表語表示籠統(tǒng)的、抽象的概念。Myhobbyisreadingbooks．我的興趣愛好是讀書。表示情緒的動詞-ing形式作表語時，相當于形容詞，意為“令人……的”。如：amazing，confusing，frightening，surprising等。Thenewsissurprising．這則消息令人吃驚。作定語語法規(guī)則例子置于名詞前作定語，表示被修飾的名詞的動作、特征、用途和性能。asleepingchild睡著的孩子aswimmingpool游泳池動詞-ing形式短語作定語，要放在被修飾的名詞之后。thegirlwearingareddress穿紅裙子的女孩thebridgebeingbuiltnow現(xiàn)在在建的大橋作狀語語法規(guī)則例句doing與句中主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系，與句中謂語動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生。Walkinginthestreet，Icameacrossanoldfriend．走在大街上，我碰到一個老朋友。havingdone與句中主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系，且先于謂語動作發(fā)生。Havingwaitedinlinefortwohours，theoldmanbecameimpatient．已經(jīng)排了兩小時的隊，這位老人變得不耐煩了。havingbeendone與句子主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系，且先于謂語動作發(fā)生。Havingbeentoldmanytimes，theboystillmadethesamemistakeagainandagain．已經(jīng)被告知很多次了，這個男孩還是一次又一次犯相同的錯。作賓語補足語語法規(guī)則例句動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語時，賓語與賓語補足語之間在邏輯上是主謂關系，結構為vt．＋sb．/sth．＋doing...?？梢杂糜诖私Y構的動詞有：feel，catch，find，hear，have/keep/get/leave，see/watch/observe/notice。Iamsorryforkeepingyouwaitingformeforsuchalongtime．很抱歉讓你等我這么長時間。Theheadmasterwasangrytocatchsomestudentssmokingagain．又一次抓住一些學生吸煙，校長很生氣。1．_______(serve)hard-to-findThaidishesinanelegantatmosphere，therestaurantistruetoThaicuisine'sroots．2．ItwasaneighbourcalledMario，______(come)tobringusaboxcontainingsometomatoesandabottleofwine．3．Stevestoodbythepiano，eyesclosed，listeningforthefirsttimetohisownwork____________(play)bysomeoneelse．4．ManyChinesebrands，________________(develop)theirreputationsovercenturies，arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket．Servingcomingbeingplayedhavingdeveloped5．JamesBarry，awomansurgeon，retiredin1859，________________(practise)herentiremedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasaman．6．Inthepastfewyears，an__________(increase)numberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend．7．IoftenleaveearlytoseektherightdestinationssoIcansetupearlytoavoid_______(miss)themomentIamattemptingtophotograph．8．_________(produce)foodthatnooneeatswastesthewater，fuel，andotherresourcesusedtogrowit，andfoodwastewillcauseanenvironmentalproblem．9．Itwasachangethattookplacewithout_____________(notice)thoughitwasoftheextremeimportance，aspiritualchangewhichaffectedthewholestate．10．FacialrecognitiontechnologyisworkingwellattouristattractionsaroundChina，________(reduce)thetimepeoplespendstandinginlinesatentriesorsecuritychecks．havingpractisedincreasingmissingProducingbeingnoticedreducing考點三動詞-ed形式1．動詞-ed形式作定語語法規(guī)則例子單個的動詞-ed形式作定語，放在被修飾詞之前；動詞-ed形式短語作定語，放在被修飾詞之后。及物動詞的-ed形式作定語表示被動和完成；不及物動詞的-ed形式作定語只表示完成。abrokenglass一只打碎的玻璃杯thebridgecompletedlastmonth上個月竣工的大橋fallenleaves落葉2．動詞-ed形式作狀語語法規(guī)則例句動詞-ed形式作狀語時，其邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語，且主語是動詞-ed形式的承受者，動詞-ed形式與主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系。Seenfromthetopofthemountain，ourcitylooksbeautiful．從山頂上望去，我們的城市很美。3．動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語語法規(guī)則例句動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語時，賓語與賓語補足語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系，構成vt．＋sb．/sth．＋done結構。Shehadtoraisehervoicetomakeherselfheard．她不得不提高嗓門使自己被聽到。Theoldmanwantedhisoldwatchrepaired．這位老人想要找人修他的舊手表。4．動詞-ed形式作表語語法規(guī)則例句表示情緒的動詞-ed形式作表語時，相當于形容詞，意為“感到……的”。如：amazed，confused，frightened，surprised等。Ifeltreallysurprisedwhenshetoldmetheexcitingnews．當她告訴我這個令人興奮的消息時，我感到非常驚訝。1