2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)Unit4Historyandtraditions教學(xué)知識(shí)細(xì)解碼教案新人教版必修第二冊(cè)

PAGE1-Unit4Historyandtraditions1．defendvt.愛護(hù)；保衛(wèi)；為……辯護(hù)→defencen．防衛(wèi)；保衛(wèi)2．evidentadj.明顯的；明白的→evidencen．證據(jù)；證明3．a(chǎn)chievevt.完成；成就；取得→achievementn．成就；成果；達(dá)到4．surroundvt.圍繞；包圍→surroundingadj.四周的→surroundingsn．四周的事物；環(huán)境5．locatev．確定……的地點(diǎn)→locationn．地方；地點(diǎn)；位置6．legaladj.法律的；合法的→illegaladj.非法的7．greetvt.問候；迎接→greetingn．問候；迎接1．individualadj.單獨(dú)的；個(gè)別的；獨(dú)特的；別出心裁的n．個(gè)人；別出心裁的人；有特性的人①Thecompetitionisopentobothteamsandindividuals.n.個(gè)人②Shehasherownindividualstyleofdoingthings.adj.獨(dú)特的③Ateachercan'tgiveindividualattentiontoeachpupilifhisclassislarge.adj.單獨(dú)的2．chiefadj.最重要的；最高級(jí)別的；總的；主要的n．族長(zhǎng)；酋長(zhǎng)；主管人員；(公司或機(jī)構(gòu)的)首領(lǐng)①Hemarriedoffhisdaughtertothelocalchief.n．首領(lǐng)②Donwasappointedchiefengineeroftheproject.adj.總的③Thechiefreasonforgoingtoschoolistolearn.adj.主要的WordsAndPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)1)join...to...把……和……連接或聯(lián)結(jié)起來(lái)(教材P40)Inthe16thcentury，thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.16世紀(jì)，鄰近的威爾士并入英格蘭王國(guó)。[例1]Theislandisjoinedtothemainlandbyabridge.島上有座橋與大陸相連。[例2]Howcanwejointhisislandandthatone?我們?cè)鯓硬拍軐⑦@個(gè)島和那個(gè)島連接起來(lái)？[造句]因特網(wǎng)把每個(gè)個(gè)體和團(tuán)體都連接起來(lái)。EveryindividualorgroupisjoinedtotheworldbytheInternet.[學(xué)問拓展]joinin 參與；加入joinsb.in(doing)sth. 加入某人做某事；和某人一起做某事jointheclub/army/party 加入俱樂部/參軍/入黨joinup(withsb.) (與某人)聯(lián)合，會(huì)合[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①WejoinedpointAtopointBinastraightline.②Weplantojoinupwiththeotherclimbersontheothersideofthemountain.③Everybodyhastojoininthetraining.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)2)breakaway(fromsb./sth.)脫離；背叛；逃脫(教材P40)Finally，inthe20thcentury，thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK...最終，在20世紀(jì)，愛爾蘭的南部脫離了英國(guó)……[例1]Johnbrokeawayandranoutside，determinednevertogotoanotherdance.約翰離開(舞伴)跑了出去，確定再也不參與任何舞會(huì)了。[例2]Itwaswrongforhimtobreakawayfromallhisgoodfriends.他和他全部的好摯友決裂是錯(cuò)誤的。[造句]犯人擺脫了看管。Theprisonerbrokeawayfromtheguards.[學(xué)問拓展]breakdown 損壞；分解；(汽車)拋錨breakin 非法闖入；插嘴，打斷breakinto 破門而入，非法闖入；突然……起來(lái)breakoff 打斷；折斷；中斷(說(shuō)話)breakout (斗爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)、疾病等)突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)breakthrough 沖突；突破breakup 分解；分裂[即學(xué)即練]用break的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空①Thetwocountriesaregoingtomeettobreakdownsomebarrierstotradebetweenthem.②Wehadtobreakintothehouseaswehadlostthekey.③Thehusbandandwifearealwaysquarrelingandtheirrelationsarebreakingup．④TheUnionwasconsistedofseveralcountries，oneofwhichbrokeawayfromitlaterbecauseofconflicts.⑤Thefirebrokeoutduringtheday，andthereforealmostnoonewasinjured.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)3)belongto屬于(教材P40)ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.所屬英國(guó)的四個(gè)國(guó)家在一些領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了合作。[例1]Whodoesthiswatchbelongto?這塊表是誰(shuí)的？[例2]Chinaisadevelopingcountrybelongingtothethirdworld.中國(guó)是個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，屬于第三世界。[造句]我過(guò)去是一個(gè)青年俱樂部的成員。Iusedtobelongtoayouthclub.[學(xué)問拓展](1)belongin 適于；相宜(放在某處)(2)belongingsn. 財(cái)產(chǎn)；全部物；親戚[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/翻譯句子①Shepackedherfewbelongings(belong)inabagandleft.②However，theman，towhomthebikebelonged，decidednottokeepit.③這個(gè)袋子是我的。Thisbagbelongstome.[名師點(diǎn)津]belongto用法兩留意belongto中的to是介詞，該短語(yǔ)既不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，形式為“...belongingto”。eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)4)(教材P40)Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack，aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence．像擁有同樣的貨幣和軍事防衛(wèi)，他們也運(yùn)用同一面國(guó)旗，即眾所周知的英國(guó)國(guó)旗。(1)aswellas同(一樣也)；和；還[例1]Wecanknowmoreaboutthelifeofgreatpeopleaswellashistoryandculturesofothercountries.我們能夠了解更多偉人的生活以及其他國(guó)家的歷史和文化。[例2]Aswellasbeingaphotographer，sheisatalentedmusician.她不但是個(gè)攝影師而且還是個(gè)天才音樂家。[造句]除了摔斷了腿，他還傷了胳膊。Aswellasbreakinghisleg，hehurthisarm.[學(xué)問拓展]aswellas連接兩種詞性、結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)等的成分，如對(duì)等名詞、動(dòng)詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式等。重點(diǎn)駕馭以下要點(diǎn)：1)aswellas連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞依據(jù)其前面的名詞或代詞確定。2)aswellas位于句首，相當(dāng)于besides，inadditionto，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞形式。3)aswellas也可以表示同級(jí)比較，意思是“和……一樣好”，well為副詞。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/同義句改寫①Helen，aswellasherbrothers，hasgone(go)abroadalready.②Aswellaslearning(learn)English，wewanttoexperiencelifeintheUSA.③Studentsshoulddeveloptheirowninterestsaswellasdo(do)theirschoolwork.④Thechildislivelyaswellashealthy(health).⑤Hedidn'tperformaswell(good)assomeofhiscompetitors.⑥Theyvisitedsomefactories，hospitalsaswellastheschool.→Theyvisitednotonlytheschoolbutalsosomefactoriesandhospitals.(2)defencen．防衛(wèi)；保衛(wèi)[例1]Indefenceofournation，manysoldierslosttheirlives.為了保衛(wèi)我們的國(guó)家，許多戰(zhàn)士獻(xiàn)出了生命。[例2]Mostcountrieshavearmiesfortheirdefence.大多數(shù)國(guó)家都有用于防衛(wèi)的軍隊(duì)。[造句]他搬出馬丁·路德·金的名字來(lái)為自己的行為辯解。HementionedthenameofMartinLutherKingindefenceofhisactions.[學(xué)問拓展]1)indefence(of...) 為了保衛(wèi)(……)2)defendvt. 愛護(hù)；保衛(wèi)；為……辯護(hù)defend...from/against... 保衛(wèi)……以免受……[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Wemustseetoitthatthereisnogapinourdefence(defend).②Whattalkingpointscanberaisedindefenceofthisargument?③Allourofficersaretrainedtodefendthemselvesagainst/fromknifeattacks.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)5)(教材P40)AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.幾乎無(wú)論你走到英國(guó)的哪個(gè)地方，四周總有跡象表明，在歷史上，有四群人在不同的時(shí)期統(tǒng)治著英國(guó)。(1)surroundvt.圍繞；包圍[例1]Jillwassittingonthefloorsurroundedbyboxes.吉爾坐在地板上，四周擺滿了箱子。[例2]Ifyou'reseriousaboutwantingtoliveahealthylife，it'sextremelyimportanttosurroundyourselfwithpeoplewho'llprovideyouwithproperemotionalsupport.假如你真的想過(guò)上健康的生活，和能給你供應(yīng)適當(dāng)情感支持的人在一起是尤為重要的。[造句]對(duì)于有些人來(lái)說(shuō)，華蜜就是被家人和摯友們包圍著。Tosomepeople，happinessisbeingsurroundedbyfamilyandfriends.[學(xué)問拓展]1)besurroundedby... 被……包圍、環(huán)繞2)surroundoneselfwithsb./sth. 和某人/某物在一起3)surroundingadj. 四周的；旁邊的4)surroundingsn. 環(huán)境[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/翻譯句子①WhenIcametotheairport，Isawthattheplacewassurrounded(surround)bypolice.②Stevearrivedandsatinthefrontrow，surrounded(surround)byhisfamily.③Standingonthetop，weadmiredthesurrounding(surround)scenes.④Shewasfacedwithanewjobinunfamiliarsurroundings(surrounding).⑤他喜愛結(jié)交幽默的人們。Helikestosurroundhimselfwithhumorouspeople.[小片段填空]Onceuponatime，akingwhowaspolitetosurroundingcountries，livedinacastlesurroundedbyalargeforestandhavingwonderfulsurroundings．從前，在一個(gè)綠樹環(huán)繞、環(huán)境美麗的城堡里住著一位國(guó)王，他對(duì)鄰邦非常友好。(2)evidencen．證據(jù)；證明[例1]There'ssomeevidencethatoutdooractivitiesaregoodforus.有證據(jù)證明，戶外活動(dòng)對(duì)我們有好處。[例2]Thefirstsignsofspringareinevidence.春天的最初跡象已自不待言。[造句]目前我們沒有在其他行星上存在生命的證據(jù)。Atpresentwehavenoevidenceoflifeonotherplanets.[學(xué)問拓展]1)Thereissome/noevidencethat... (沒)有證據(jù)證明……inevidence 惹眼；自不待言2)evidentadj. 明顯的；明白的It'sevidentthat... 很明顯……3)evidentlyadv. 明顯；明顯地；清晰地[即學(xué)即練]用evidence的適當(dāng)形式填空/完成句子①Heevidentlyhatedmathsatschool，soit'samazinghebecameanaccountant!②Itmustbeevidenttoallofyouthathehasmadeamistake.③Anewstudyhasfoundnoevidencethatsunscreenactuallyincreasestheriskofskincancer.④很明顯，年輕人的教化對(duì)一個(gè)國(guó)家的將來(lái)是至關(guān)重要的。Itisevidentthateducationoftheyoungisvitaltothefutureofacountry.[小片段填空]Hisfootprintswereclearlyevidentintheheavydust，whichistheevidencethathehadcomeherebefore.他的腳印在塵土中清晰可見，這就是他從前來(lái)過(guò)這里的證據(jù)。eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)6)keepone'seyesopen(for)留心；留意(教材P41)Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen，youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.假如你留心的話，你會(huì)驚異地發(fā)覺你能看到它的過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在。[例1]Keepyoureyesopenforaboyinaredcapandsweater.你要留心留意一個(gè)戴紅帽子，身穿紅毛衣的小男孩。[例2]Justkeepyoureyesopenandyourmouthshut.請(qǐng)你睜大眼睛，閉上嘴巴。[造句]警方要求居民留意一切不同尋常的狀況。Thepoliceaskedtheresidentstokeeptheireyesopenforanythingunusual.[學(xué)問拓展]keepaneyeon 照看，照管；留心留意looksb.intheeye(s) 直視別人haveaneyefor 對(duì)……有推斷力/鑒賞力catchsb.'seye 吸引某人的留意[即學(xué)即練]完成句子①We'veaskedtheneighbourstokeepaneyeon(照看)thehouseforuswhileweareaway.②Aredpencil-markonthefifthpagecaughthiseye(引起了他的留意).③Agoodartistmusthaveaneyeforcolor(對(duì)顏色有推斷力).SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式1)everywhere引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句(教材P40)AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.幾乎無(wú)論你走到英國(guó)的哪個(gè)地方，四周總有跡象表明，在歷史上，有四群人在不同的時(shí)期統(tǒng)治著英國(guó)。[句式分析]句中everywhereyougointheUK為everywhere引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于whereveryougointheUK。[例1]Everywheretheylooked，nearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.他們無(wú)論朝哪里看，幾乎一切都被毀了。[例2]Everywherehegoes，hewillnotforgettheterribleexperience.無(wú)論走到哪兒，他恒久也忘不了那次可怕的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。[造句]無(wú)論去哪兒，我都發(fā)覺同樣的事情。EverywhereIgo，Ifindthesamething.[學(xué)問拓展]引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：where(在……地方)，wherever(無(wú)論哪里，在任何地方)，everywhere(每一……地方，到處)，anywhere(任何地方)。[即學(xué)即練]完成句子/翻譯句子/同義句改寫①Whereverthefilmstargoes，therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.這位電影明星所到之處都有成群的人等著見她。②Youcangoanywhereyoulike．你可以去任何你想去的地方。③有志者，事竟成。Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.④我哪兒也看不到它。Ican'tseeitanywhere.⑤我們所到之處游客人頭攢動(dòng)。Everywherewewentwasfulloftourists.⑥She'llwearfinejewelleryeverywhereshegoes.→She'llwearfinejewellerynomatterwhere/wherevershegoes.eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式2)theway后接定語(yǔ)從句(教材P40－41)TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage，andchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses．他們引進(jìn)了英語(yǔ)的起源，并變更了人們建立房屋的方式。[句式分析]eq\x(句中theway后為省略了關(guān)系詞that或inwhich的定語(yǔ)從句。)[例1]Doittheway(that/inwhich)youweretaught.要依據(jù)教你的那樣做。[例2]Iwasimpressedbythewayinwhichshedidit.她完成這件事的方式給我留下了深刻的印象。[造句]使我驚訝的不是他說(shuō)的話而是他說(shuō)話的方式。Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbutthewayhesaidit.[學(xué)問拓展](1)theway后面的定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞若在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“用這種方式/方法(＝inthisway)”時(shí)，通常不用關(guān)系詞，間或用that，在較正式的文體里才用inwhich來(lái)引導(dǎo)。(2)theway后不能用how引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但也可以不用theway，而干脆用how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句來(lái)表達(dá)這類意思。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Idon'tlikethewaythatyoutalktoyourmotherandyoumustchangethatway.②Thewaywhich/thatwasthoughtofbyhimofdoingtheexperimentwassimilartothewaythatyoucarrieditout.③Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)hespeakstohisparents.我不喜愛他和他父母說(shuō)話的方式。④Theway(which/that)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.他向我們說(shuō)明的那種方法很簡(jiǎn)潔。1．(教材P40)AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.[分析]本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，everywhereyougointheUK為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，whotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory為限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞people。[譯文]幾乎無(wú)論你走到英國(guó)的哪個(gè)地方，四周總有跡象表明，在歷史上，有四群人在不同的時(shí)期統(tǒng)治著英國(guó)。2．(教材P41)ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart，asitisanancientportcitythathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes.[分析]本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，as引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)緣由狀語(yǔ)從句，thathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes為限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞city，其中現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)datingallthewaybacktoRomantimes作名詞history的后置定語(yǔ)。[譯文]首都倫敦是一個(gè)很好的起點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)古老的港口城市，它的歷史可以追溯到羅馬時(shí)代。3．(教材P41)Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen，youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.[分析]本句是復(fù)合句，if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句；that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。[譯文]假如你留心的話，你會(huì)驚異地發(fā)覺你能看到它的過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在。教材高考1.ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.(2024·浙江卷)Byfollowingthebasicrulesofrespectingothers，takingcareofwhatbelongstoyou，andtakingprideintheappearanceoftheneighborhoodingeneral，youwillquicklybecomeagoodneighborthateveryoneappreciates.2.AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.(2024·江蘇卷)Anddon'tforget：wearesurroundedbyanaturalplaygroundjustperfectforwalking，caving，climbingandcycling.3.Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack，aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.(2024·天津卷)Amy，aswellasherbrothers，wasgivenawarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.4.AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.(2024·江蘇卷)Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidencethatplasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.5.Accordingtothetext，whataretwochiefadvantagesofstudyingthehistoryofacountry？(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Aftershegavebirth，sheandherfamilyjoinedtheothersinWhiteBirdCanyontothesouth.2．Theprisonerbrokeawayfromthepolicemenwhowereholdinghim.3．Heisaclerkbelonging(belong)tothiscompany.4．Thearmy'sdutyistodefendthecountryagainst/fromtheenemyratherthantoinvadeothercountries.5．Withthehousessurrounded(surround)，thethiefcouldn'tescapeandwascaughtbythepolicemen.6．Itisevident(evidence)thatsmokingisharmfultohealth.7．Idon'tlikethewaythathelaughedatme.8．He，aswellashissisters，likes(like)singing.9．Keep(keep)youreyesopenandaskquestions，eveniftheyseemstupid.10．Thevillagewasusedasthelocation(locate)forapopularTVseries.Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)填空join...to...；belongto；breakawayfrom；aswellas；leavebehind；resultin；takeover；datebackto；keepone'seyesopen；besimilarto1．Asoneofthemostdeadlynaturaldisastersintheworld，earthquakesoftenresultinmanypeoplebeinginjuredorkilled.2．Shetookoverhisworkafterhisdeparture.3．Theislandisjoinedtothemainlandbyabridge.4．IbelongtoafootballclubandplayfootballeverySaturday.5．TomaswellashisparentswenttoHongKongtospendthesummerholiday.6．Nowadays