2022高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)Module4GreatScientists學(xué)案必修4

Module4GreatScientists一、背單詞與詞塊(一)背閱讀單詞——會(huì)認(rèn)就行(背誦時(shí)遮住右側(cè)漢語(yǔ)，先自主翻譯，后比對(duì)詞義)1．biochemistryn. 生物化學(xué)2．biologyn. 生物學(xué)3．botanyn. 植物學(xué)4．geneticsn. 遺傳學(xué)5．zoologyn. 動(dòng)物學(xué)6．stapleadj. 主要的；重要的(二)背重點(diǎn)單詞——寫對(duì)才行1．leadingadj. 主要的2．figuren. 人物3．publishvt. 出版4．breakthroughn. 突破5．convertvt. 改變；轉(zhuǎn)換6．replacevt. 取代；以……代替7．quantityn. 數(shù)量8．quality_n. 質(zhì)量9．diagnosevt. 診斷10．victimn. 受害者11．careern. 生涯；經(jīng)歷12．partlyadv. 部分地；在一定程度上13．physicaladj. 身體的14．escapevi. 逃跑；逃避15．straight_adj. 直的16．clearvi. (煙霧)消散(三)背拓展單詞——用準(zhǔn)才行1．educatevt.教育→educationn．教育→educatorn．教育工作者2．a(chǎn)griculturen．農(nóng)業(yè)→agriculturaladj.農(nóng)業(yè)的3．originn．起源→original_adj.原來(lái)的；最初的→originatevi.起源→originallyadv.原來(lái)；起初4．supportvt.支持→supportiveadj.支持的，鼓勵(lì)的→supporter_n.支持者5．producevt.生產(chǎn)→producern．生產(chǎn)者→productionn．生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)量→productn．產(chǎn)品6．exportvt.出口→importvt.進(jìn)口7．briefadj.簡(jiǎn)短的；簡(jiǎn)潔的→brieflyadv.簡(jiǎn)短地8．graduatevi.畢業(yè)n．畢業(yè)生→graduationn．畢業(yè)9．personaladj.個(gè)人的→personallyadv.就個(gè)人而言→personalityn．個(gè)性；性格10．explodevi.爆炸→explosionn.爆炸；爆炸聲[語(yǔ)境活用]1．Ididn'tknowwhereMandelawaswhentheexplosionbrokeout,butIknowthetimewhenthebombexploded.(explode)2．Myoriginalintentionistofindoutthedifferencebetweentheoriginsofcountrymusicandjazz.(origin)3．Foralongtime,productsmadeinChinasoldwell,becausemanyproducersinChinaarefairlyhonestandhospitable.(produce)4．Heisknowntobeaneducatedman,whohadobtainedniceeducationfromyoung.(educate)5．SincegraduatingfromShandongUniversityin2020,heisstillpreparingforhisapplicationasagraduatestudentinPeking(四)背高頻單詞——先“記牢”再“用活”，不背絕對(duì)不行1．supportvt.&n．支持；擁護(hù)；支撐；供養(yǎng)背詞條用法(1)supportsb.insth.在某方面支持某人supporta(one's)family/oneself養(yǎng)家糊口/自力更生(2)etoone'ssupport來(lái)支持某人withone'ssupport＝withthesupportofsb.在某人的支持下insupportof＝infavorof支持；擁護(hù)背寫作佳句①He'slookingforanewjob,onewherehecangetmoremoneytosupporthisfamily.他正在尋找一份新工作，一份能賺到更多錢以養(yǎng)家糊口的工作。②Someexpertshavespokentosupportthebanofdrunkdriving.＝Someexpertshavespokeninsupportofthebanofdrunkdriving.一些專家說(shuō)支持禁止酒后駕車。2．quantityn．?dāng)?shù)量；數(shù)額；大量背詞條用法alarge(good)/smallquantityof大/少量的largequantitiesof大量的；許多的inquantity大量，在數(shù)量上背寫作佳句①Asanexpert,ZhongNanshanspentalargequantityoftimeservingtodefeatvarietiesofvirus.作為一名專家，鐘南山花了大量時(shí)間服務(wù)于戰(zhàn)勝各種病毒。②Largequantitiesofwaterarebeingincreasinglycleanerduetothevolunteers'efforts.由于志愿者的努力，大量的水變得越來(lái)越干凈。3．escapev．逃跑；逃避；逃脫；避開；(氣體、液體等)泄漏；被忘掉n．逃脫；逃避；解脫背詞條用法(1)escape(doing)sth.逃脫/逃避(做)某事escapefrom/outof...從……逃跑/逃走escapesb./one'sattention/notice逃過(guò)某人的注意/被某人遺忘(2)anarrowescape死里逃生；幸免于難背寫作佳句①Heescapedbeingkilledintheexplosionbecausehehadnotgonetowork.他沒有在爆炸中喪生，因?yàn)樗麤]有去工作。②Totheirrelief,theirstudentsnarrowlyescapedfromtheshakingbuilding.令他們寬慰的是，他們的學(xué)生僥幸從搖動(dòng)的大樓中逃脫出來(lái)。(五)背短語(yǔ)詞塊——表達(dá)出彩，需多積詞塊才行eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單元短語(yǔ)再認(rèn)再現(xiàn)1．bring_up 培養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)育2．experiment_with 對(duì)……進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)3．bring_in 引進(jìn)；推行；采用4．a(chǎn)s_a_result_of 由于……的結(jié)果5．earn_one's_living 謀生6．the/a_key_to_(doing)_sth. (做)某事的關(guān)鍵7．carry_out 實(shí)施；履行8．be_known_for 因……而出名/聞名9．be_diagnosed_with 被診斷患有……疾病10．e_to_power 掌權(quán)eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)拓展用活1．earnone'sliving謀生背相關(guān)短語(yǔ)makealiving＝earnone'sliving謀生earnone'sownliving自食其力earnextramoney/afortune掙取額外收入/掙大錢背寫作佳句①I'mtryingtopersuadehimtogiveuptheattempttoearnhisliving/makealivingbywriting.我盡力勸說(shuō)他放棄通過(guò)寫作謀生的想法。②Sincehisparentsdiedearly,hehadtoearnhisownlivingwhenhewasateenager.由于父母早逝，他十幾歲時(shí)不得不自食其力。2．etopower掌權(quán)；上臺(tái)；執(zhí)政背相關(guān)短語(yǔ)inpower當(dāng)權(quán)；掌權(quán)beyondone'spower不能勝任；超過(guò)了某人的能力within/inone'spower有能力；力所能及背寫作佳句①Whenthegovernmentcametopower,hewasnamedministerofCultureMinistry.政府上臺(tái)后，他被任命為文化部部長(zhǎng)。②Iwilldoeverythingin/withinmypowertohelpyou.我將盡我所能幫助你。③NotthatJohndoesn'twanttohelpyou,butthatit'sbeyondhispower.并不是約翰不想幫你，而是那件事超越了他的能力。二、背佳句與佳作(一)背寫作佳句——多“輸入”才能巧“輸出”eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)教材內(nèi)句式舉一反三1．InStephenHawking'scaseitwasdiscoveredthathewasabrilliantscientist.(Itis/was＋過(guò)去分詞＋that從句)就史蒂芬·霍金的情況來(lái)說(shuō)，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個(gè)卓越的科學(xué)家。佳句①It'ssaidthatthousandsofworkscutbyfolkartistswillbeondisplay.據(jù)說(shuō)將展出民間藝術(shù)家的數(shù)千件作品。佳句②Itwasrecognizedthatyoushouldridesuchalongwaytofulfillthetoughmission.大家都看出來(lái)了，你竟然走了這么遠(yuǎn)去完成這項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)。2．Thetubeswereattachedtoalongstickwhichhelpedkeeptherocketmovinginastraightdirection.(keep＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))這些管子被綁在一根長(zhǎng)木棍上，這根木棍能使火箭直線前進(jìn)。佳句①(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))Speakingoftablemanners,keepyourvoicelowandpleasantduringthemeal.說(shuō)到餐桌禮儀，吃飯時(shí)聲音要低沉、悅耳。佳句②Itcanpreventusfromgettingshort-sightedanditcankeepusphysicallyhealthy.它既可以防止我們近視，還能保持我們的身體健康。佳句③Next,whatweshoulddoistokeeptheconversationgoingbyaskingquestionstoshowinterest.下一步，我們所需要做的是通過(guò)問問題來(lái)表現(xiàn)出興趣，讓談話繼續(xù)下去。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)同主題佳句熟讀成誦1．Heisalwaysweledbecausehedresseswellandbehavesgracefully,consideratelyandpolitely,givingothersagoodimpression.他穿戴得體，舉止文雅，禮貌周到，能給別人留下好的印象，所以他總是受歡迎。2．Shewasquiteoptimisticandenergetic,whichbroughtmealotofhappinessandcourage.Ilearnedsomethingpreciousfromher—beliefinlife.她非常樂觀且有活力，這給我?guī)?lái)了許多快樂和勇氣。我從她身上學(xué)到了一些寶貴的東西——要對(duì)生活有信心。3．BorninNingbo,ZhejiangProvinceonDecember30th,1930,TuYouyou,afamousfemalechemistandscientist,著名女化學(xué)家、科學(xué)家屠呦呦，1930年12月30日出生于浙江寧波，年輕時(shí)對(duì)中醫(yī)表現(xiàn)出極大的興趣。(二)背滿分作文——好習(xí)作就靠“仿效”和“背誦”本輯學(xué)點(diǎn)——投訴信(二)[題目要求]假定你是李華，乘飛機(jī)從北京到倫敦旅行，到達(dá)目的地取行李時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)行李箱破損，部分物品遺失。你與相關(guān)人員交涉無(wú)果，于是要向該航空公司寫一封投訴信。內(nèi)容主要包括：1．說(shuō)明個(gè)人相關(guān)信息(航線/航班：MMYZ577/時(shí)間：April28)；2．反映情況；3．希望盡快得到解決。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。[背范文]DearMadam/Sir，I'maChinesepassengerwhotookyourFlightMMYZ577fromBeijingtoLondononApril28.I'mwritingtoplainforthefollowingreasons,expectingyourtimelysolving.MyluggagesuitcasewasbrokenwhenIgotitattheairport.Andsomeofthearticleswerelost,amongwhichwasapairofprecioussportsshoes.What'sworse,Ireportedittosomeofthestaffondutybuttherewasnosatisfyinghandling,withwhichI'vebeensounhappy.Ijustcan'timaginehowapanywithagoodreputationcandosuchathing!Idohopeyou'lltakeitseriouslyandgetitsettledassoonaspossible.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yoursfaithfully，LiHua[學(xué)亮點(diǎn)]1．學(xué)高級(jí)表達(dá)(1)使用高級(jí)語(yǔ)塊，如：onduty,takeitseriously,assoonaspossible等。(2)熟練使用高級(jí)句式，如：定語(yǔ)從句whotookyourFlight...；現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)expectingyourtimelysolving；“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句amongwhichwasapairof...和withwhichI'vebeensounhappy；助動(dòng)詞do表強(qiáng)調(diào)Idohopeyou'lltake...等。這些表達(dá)增強(qiáng)了文章的表達(dá)效果，是加分的亮點(diǎn)所在。同時(shí)，這也彰顯了考生靈活的語(yǔ)言駕馭能力。2．學(xué)精彩結(jié)尾結(jié)尾使用Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.表達(dá)了對(duì)早日回復(fù)的期待，簡(jiǎn)潔、實(shí)用。3．學(xué)過(guò)渡銜接文章準(zhǔn)確使用了and,what'sworse,but等過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)和過(guò)渡句I'mwritingtoplainforthefollowingreasons，增強(qiáng)了文章的連貫性和條理性。4．防微點(diǎn)失分考生容易忽略主謂一致，把“Andsomeofthearticleswerelost,amongwhichwasapairofprecioussportsshoes.”中的were誤用成was，或把“Ireportedittosomeofthestaffonduty...”中的onduty誤表達(dá)為ontheduty，從而導(dǎo)致失分。學(xué)案(一)重點(diǎn)單詞的查漏補(bǔ)缺——打牢必備知識(shí)[全面練——練清易錯(cuò)微點(diǎn)]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Carsareoneoftheleading(主要的)causesofairpollutionintheworldtoday.2．Theteamleadershouldappointateamsecretarytotakeandpublish(出版，發(fā)布)meetingnotes.3.Hewassoexhaustedfromtheday'slaboursthathewentstraight(直接)tobed.4.WhatratewillIgetifIconvert(轉(zhuǎn)換)mydollarsintoeuros?5．TheAgricultureDepartmenttodayreleasedanewgraphictoreplace(取代，替換)theoldsymbol.6．Whatheisdoingisaimingatquality(質(zhì)量)ratherthanquantity.Ⅱ.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境寫出加黑部分的漢語(yǔ)意思1．Glancinground,hecaughtsightofadarkfigureintheshadows.影子2．SomeothersymptomswouldalsohelpdoctorsdiagnoseAIDSpatients.診斷3．Theguidedeclaresthatwe'rejustontheedgeofatrulygreatbreakthrough.突破4.IknownothingabouthiscareerexceptthatheisagraduateofQinghuaUniversity.畢業(yè)生5．(2020·1月浙江高考)Itookadvantageofmybrieffreedomtodashacrossthelawn(草坪)—andhitalargemapletree！短暫的6．(熟詞生義)Irememberedseeinghimsomewherebefore,buthisnameescapedmeforthemoment.被遺忘Ⅲ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Mostpeopleholdthebeliefthateducation(educate)canchangeone'sfate.2．Originally(origin),peopleknewlittleabouttheoldtemple,butnowitbeesveryfamous.3．Themanagerofthisfactorywhichproducesputersisveryoptimisticabouttheproduction(produce)andsale.4．Afterabriefpause,hebegantoendthemeetingbrieflywithonlyafewwords.(brief)5．Doyouknowthathehasconvertedmorethanonejobaftergraduation_(graduate)?6．ThishasbeenanimportantyearforTom,bothprofessionallyandpersonally(person)．名師點(diǎn)撥“一站清”(1)注意straight的常見詞性：形容詞(直的，直率的，直接的)；副詞(直地；直接地；坦率地；立即)。作副詞講時(shí)，有時(shí)可以代替straightly。(2)不同的轉(zhuǎn)換：convert“轉(zhuǎn)換，兌換”，其他類似的詞匯：switch(轉(zhuǎn)換，改變)；transfer(轉(zhuǎn)讓，轉(zhuǎn)移)；transform(改變，使……變形)；shift(轉(zhuǎn)移)。(3)注意graduate還可以用作名詞，表示“畢業(yè)生”。[重點(diǎn)練——深化高頻考點(diǎn)]1．support[明其義]vt.&n．[通其用](1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①PeopleinChinasupported(support)thepolicewholeheartedlyintheirworkduringurgenttimesseveralyearsago.②Withhiswife'ssupport,MrWangcontributedalotofmoneytothepeopleinthestrickenarea.③Therewasawealthofsupporting(support)evidencethatconfirmedheisinnocent.(2)補(bǔ)全句子④She_was_very_supportive_duringmyfather'sillness,soweareallgratefultoher.在我父親生病期間，她給了很多幫助，因此我們都很感激她。⑤Sinceyouhavenofirmevidencetosupport_the_case,_youaresupposedtogiveupdefending.既然你沒有確鑿的證據(jù)支持這個(gè)論點(diǎn)，那么請(qǐng)您放棄辯護(hù)。2．quantity[明其義]n．?dāng)?shù)量；數(shù)額；大量[通其用]單句語(yǔ)法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①Ifyoubuythisgoodsinquantity,wewillofferabetterpricetoyou.②Alargequantityofbookshas_been_contributed(contribute)tothechildreninthecountrysidesincethen.③Wehavelarge_quantities_of/a_large_quantity_ofvolunteerswhocanserveforalongtime.我們有大量的志愿者，他們可以工作很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。[解其困](1)aquantityof或quantitiesof后既可接可數(shù)名詞也可接不可數(shù)名詞。(2)“aquantityof＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；而“quantitiesof＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3．escape[明其義]v．逃跑；逃避；逃脫；避開；(氣體、液體等)泄漏；被忘掉n．逃脫；逃避；解脫[通其用](1)寫出下列各句中escape的含義①Withoutthinkinghestartedtorunandluckilyescapedthecat'spaw.逃脫②Seeingthepoisonousgasescapingfromthebrokenpipe,hesoundedthealarm.泄漏③Thetwoofficerswereextremelyluckytoescapeseriousinjury.避開④Boblookedbackonlytofindanoldclassmatewhosenameescapedhimforthemoment.被忘掉(2)單句語(yǔ)法填空⑤It'shardto_escape(escape)punishmentifyoumitseriousmistakes.⑥Howtoforbidtheprisonerstoescapefrom_certainplacethatissecretisapuzzle.[解其困]escape作動(dòng)詞講時(shí)，可作及物動(dòng)詞(表示逃避、被忘掉、被懲罰等)和不及物動(dòng)詞(表示逃跑、逃脫，泄漏，后面多跟介詞from)。學(xué)案(二)詞塊、句式的活學(xué)活用——強(qiáng)化關(guān)鍵能力[詞塊的驗(yàn)收盤點(diǎn)]Ⅰ.詞塊點(diǎn)點(diǎn)練——選詞填空bediagnosedwith，carryout，etopower，bringin，beknownfor，bringup，earnone'sliving，asaresultof，experimentwith，akeyto1．Itisafactthatmanywomenstilltakecareerbreaksto_bring_upchildren.2．Afterexperimenting_withavarietyofdifferentlinelengths,hefigureoutagoodconsequence.3．Thefirmdecidedtobring_inanewmanagementteamtomakeanewimprovement.4.ItispossiblethatmillionsAfricanwillfacestarvationnextyearas_a_result_of_thedrought.5．Inorderto_earn_his_living_inastrangecity,heonceservedasatrainteacherinHangzhou.6.Itiswellknownthatbeinganobserverisa_key_toinnovation.7.Shedidn'tthinkthathewaswellenoughto_carry_outsucharoughtask.8．Doyouknowthatfellowwho_is_known_forhisoptimisticcan-doattitude?9．Ifyou_are_diagnosed_withaseriousillness,doyourhomeworkandgetthefacts.10．They'llwanttoensureasmoothtransitionnextyear,whenanewPresidentandpremierwille_to_power.名師點(diǎn)撥“一站清”(1)asaresultof(因?yàn)?，由?，要把它和asaresult(結(jié)果，最終)分清哦。(2)thekeyto“……的關(guān)鍵”，注意此時(shí)to是介詞哦。(3)carryout“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行”，注意carryon(with/doing...)“繼續(xù)做某事”及carryabout“隨身攜帶”的用法。Ⅱ.易錯(cuò)對(duì)對(duì)碰——辨析比較1．bringupVSgrowupVSeup比較①Timemakesyougrowold,andexperiencesmakeyougrow_up.②TheSmithsarepraisedforthewaytheybring_uptheirchildren.③Anotherquestionhase_up_beforewehavesettleddownthepresentone.辨清bringup“撫養(yǎng)，培養(yǎng)”；growup“成長(zhǎng)，長(zhǎng)大”；eup“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生，被提及”。2．beknownforVSbeknownasVSbeknownto比較①Heisbetterknown_forhisfilmandTVwork.②Asisknown_toall,usingcleanenergyplaysanimportantroleinpollutionreduction.③Friday31July1925henceforthbecameknown_as“RedFriday”．辨清注意beknown與三個(gè)介詞for,as,to的區(qū)別哦！beknownfor“因……而出名”；beknownas“作為……而出名”；beknownto“為……所熟知”。Ⅲ.多義比比看——一詞多義(寫出下列各句中bringin的含義)①NowadaysnewspaperWebsitescancoexistwiththenewspapersandstillbringinmuchprofit.帶來(lái)②Sowgoodseeds,andyouwillsurelybringinawonderfulharvest,aharvestfitforaking.收獲③Withtimegoingandtechnologydeveloping,weneedtobringinalotmorenewmethods.引進(jìn)④Ihavethreepart-timejobs,whichbringinaboutD|S24,000ayear.賺錢[句式的驗(yàn)收盤點(diǎn)]keep＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)[通其用]1．單句語(yǔ)法填空①Itisnecessarythatwekeeptheyounggenerationinformed(inform)ofthecurrentaffairs.②Thequestionkeptmewondering(wonder)fortherestofthenight.③Wemustkeepourmindcautious(caution)whenconductingourmission.2．補(bǔ)全句子④Foranother,spendingtoomuchtimeonentertainmentwillonlykeep_us_away_from_our_studies.另一方面，在娛樂上花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間只會(huì)讓我們遠(yuǎn)離學(xué)業(yè)。[解其困]keep＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的常用結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)keep＋n./pron.＋現(xiàn)在分詞(與賓語(yǔ)之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系)(2)keep＋n./pron.＋過(guò)去分詞(與賓語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系)(3)keep＋n./pron.＋形容詞/副詞/名詞/介詞短語(yǔ)學(xué)案(三)高考語(yǔ)篇的價(jià)值發(fā)掘——提升學(xué)科素養(yǎng)2020全國(guó)卷Ⅰ·閱讀理解D篇——對(duì)接課標(biāo)主題：對(duì)社會(huì)有突出貢獻(xiàn)的人物(一)精讀真題——拓展語(yǔ)言能力(語(yǔ)篇中黑體詞匯為主題詞匯，請(qǐng)注意積累并揣摩其用法)[1]Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductive[2]TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualpositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.eq\o(“We'rethinkingabouthowwecanengineer②plantstoreplacefunctionsof,\s\do4(1))thethingsthatweuseeveryday，”explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.[3]Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(發(fā)光)inexperimentsusingsomemonvegetables.Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-powered③streetlamps.[4]Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.[5]Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(電源)—suchasthedistancefromapowerplant④tostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(傳輸).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.［析微點(diǎn)·厚積語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)］①構(gòu)詞法——produce派生詞詞源：productn.產(chǎn)品；產(chǎn)物productiveadj.富有成效的；高效的productionn.生產(chǎn)；制造通句式——句子(1)中how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞about的賓語(yǔ)；that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞functionsofthethings。②微積累——熟詞生義：engineern．工程師(熟義)v．改變……的基因結(jié)構(gòu)(生義)③微技法——根據(jù)詞根猜測(cè)詞義：poweredadj.由……驅(qū)動(dòng)的；電動(dòng)的self-poweredadj.自供電的sun-poweredadj.太陽(yáng)能發(fā)動(dòng)的high-poweredadj.高性能的；大功率的④微積累——熟詞生義：plantn．植物(熟義)n．發(fā)電廠(生義)[理脈絡(luò)——內(nèi)化讀文規(guī)律](二)解析真題——感悟素養(yǎng)立意[考什么·怎么考——真題再做]32．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B．Abigfallincrimerates.C．Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D．Benefitsfromgreenplants.解析：選D段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.”及本段中的“greenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime”和“employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants”可知，D選項(xiàng)“Benefitsfromgreenplants.”能概括本段內(nèi)容。33．WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?A．Todetectplants'lackofwater.B．Tochangepositionsofplants.C．Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.D．Totestchemicalsinplants.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的“Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwater”可知，A選項(xiàng)正確。34．Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A．Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B．Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.C．Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D．Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容尤其是最后一句“Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.”可推知，在未來(lái)，發(fā)光植物可能有助于減少能源消耗。35．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B．Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C．Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?D．Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?解析：選C標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，由于照明通常遠(yuǎn)離電源，在傳輸過(guò)程中會(huì)損失大量能源，但發(fā)光植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。文章說(shuō)明了綠色植物對(duì)人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物，并介紹了他們發(fā)明這種植物的過(guò)程以及一些優(yōu)勢(shì)，指出在未來(lái)發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的效果。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈嗎？”最適合作本文的標(biāo)題。故選C。[為什么考·有何價(jià)值——導(dǎo)向解讀]一、發(fā)展思維品質(zhì)文中第35題主要考查學(xué)生的概括性思維。文章第一段點(diǎn)明了植物的積極作用；第二段是有關(guān)植物的功能的研究；第三段說(shuō)明最新的研究——發(fā)光植物；第四段是有關(guān)將來(lái)要開發(fā)的一種用在植物葉子上的技術(shù)及研究植物發(fā)光是否可以“打開”和“關(guān)上”；第五段表述能量在傳輸中損失很多，或許發(fā)光植物可以解決這一問題。對(duì)全文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)進(jìn)而得出C選項(xiàng)(發(fā)光的植物能代替燈嗎？)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。二、聚焦核心價(jià)值本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了運(yùn)用高科技改造綠色植物從而節(jié)能減排的科學(xué)探索。閱讀的選材不僅能讓考生了解人與自然和諧發(fā)展的必要性，同時(shí)也能讓他們了解到科學(xué)家們對(duì)于改變環(huán)境正在做的研究。這不僅可以促使考生深入思考科技創(chuàng)新在人類生活和發(fā)展過(guò)程中起到的重要作用，還有利于引導(dǎo)考生發(fā)展科學(xué)探索精神。(三)借力真題——發(fā)掘?qū)W習(xí)能力Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Hetookaveryscientific(science)approachtomanagingtheproject.2．Researchersinthisfieldhavemadesomeimportantnewdiscoveries(discover)．3．Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductive(product)atworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.4．Theirinventionshavecontributedtothedevelopmentofelectrical(electricity)engineering.5．Theaircraftis_powered(power)byajetengine.Ⅱ.補(bǔ)全句子1．Themedicineisnottobe_exposed_to(暴露于)daylight.2．AtypicalPDAcanfunction_as(起……作用)amobilephoneandapersonalorganizer.3．Basedonthis,itisnecessaryforourcountrytoconduct_a_study(進(jìn)行研究)onthesubject.Ⅲ.分析長(zhǎng)難句1．Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.[句式解構(gòu)]本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句的主語(yǔ)是These，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是include。其中第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾plants；whenthey'reshortofwater是賓語(yǔ)從句，作show的賓語(yǔ)。第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾a_plant。[句意翻譯]這些(植物中)包括葉子上印有傳感器以顯示它們何時(shí)缺水的植物，以及能夠檢測(cè)地下水中有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)的植物。2．Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.[句式解構(gòu)]本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句的主語(yǔ)是Theengineers，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是aretryingtodevelop。其中where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾anonandoff“switch”；whenexposedtodaylight是省略了主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。[句意翻譯]工程師們還在嘗試開發(fā)一種開關(guān)，當(dāng)暴露在日光下時(shí)，它的光會(huì)減弱。Ⅳ.主題語(yǔ)境寫作David是一個(gè)謹(jǐn)慎且成功的商人，一直致力于研發(fā)新產(chǎn)品，雖然產(chǎn)品沒有達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但他并沒有失去信心，一直堅(jiān)持努力，最后取得了巨大的成功。請(qǐng)你就此寫一篇小短文。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考范文：David,whowasacautiousandsuccessfulbusinessman,gotapatentforhisnewproduct.Muchtohisdelight,thisproductsoldwell,butlaterhefoundhisproductdidn'tliveuptothecriteria.However,hedidn'tloseheartbutseizedeverychancetoimproveit.Heexpectedthathisproductcouldbearthetestsofthemarket.Eventually,itwaswithhiseffortsthatheachievedgreatsuccessandhisinehadastableincrease.課下主題訓(xùn)練對(duì)社會(huì)有突出貢獻(xiàn)的人物Ⅰ.閱讀理解AThey'rerobotsandthey'recapableofsailingthehighseaswithouthumanintervention.OnTuesdaytheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)launchedapairofSaildrones(海洋無(wú)人機(jī))inPacificNorthwestwatersforthefirsttime.TheirlongsummersailingjourneywillstretchfromVancouverIslandtoCalifornia.TheSaildroneoperatorswillcollectdatatohelpsetfuturefishingseasons.Thegovernmentwantstoseewhetherseagoingrobotscanextendfisherysurveysnowperformedbyexpensivemannedships.NoraCohenfromNOAAsaid,“The23-footlongseagoingrobotscanfollowaremotelyprogrammedcourseforuptoayearatatime.Andtheydon'trequireanyfuel.Weusewindandsolarpowertodrivethesensors.”Headded,“Itmeansthatthey'reabletogotoplaceswherewedon'treallywanttosendpeople,gointoweatherthatwereallydon'twantanyoneevertobein,andsendbackmeasurements.”Theprimarymissionistoinvestigatethespeciesandnumberoffishinexistenceandtheplaceswheretheyare.LarryHufnagle,scientistofNOAAFisheriesinSeattle,saidatraditionalbigNOAAship-basedsurveycostsaroundD|S25,000perday.Byparison,oneSaildronerunsD|S2,500perday.“Itcouldbeasignificantsaving，”Hufnaglesaid.“Butlikeanythingelse,thereisatrade-offbetweenwhatyougetandwhatyoudon'tget.Onthemannedship,wehavelimitedtime.Ittakesalotofpeople.Wespendafairamountofmoney.ButthereisonethingtheSaildronecan'tdobuthumanscan:castanettocatchandpositivelyidentifythefishdetectedbelow.TheSaildronesaregoingtogiveusadditionaldata,notreplacementdata.”NoraCohensaidSailDrone,aventurecapital-backedpanybasedinAlameda,California,expectstolaunchatotalof11ofitsseagoingrobotstosurveydifferentwaterbodiesforNOAAthisyear.TheBeringandArcticseas,coastalCaliforniaand語(yǔ)篇解讀：海洋無(wú)人機(jī)能夠在沒有人干預(yù)的情況下在公海航行，它們的投入使用將給人類帶來(lái)好處，但也有一定的局限性。1．Whatisthepurposeofcollectingfishdata?A．Toexploretheocean.B．Toassistfishingindustry.C．Tolearnthehabitsoffish.D．Toimprovefishingskills.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“TheSaildroneoperatorswillcollectdatatohelpsetfuturefishingseasons.”可知，無(wú)人機(jī)操作員將收集數(shù)據(jù)，幫助設(shè)定未來(lái)的捕魚季節(jié)，由此推知，收集數(shù)據(jù)是為了幫助捕魚業(yè)。2．WhatismainlydiscussedinParagraph3?A．TheSaildrone'sadvantages.B．TheSaildrone'sappearance.C．TheSaildrone'spowersystem.D．TheSaildrone'sprimarymission.解析：選A段落大意題。第三段提到海洋無(wú)人機(jī)長(zhǎng)23英尺，可以進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程程序控制，每次航行長(zhǎng)達(dá)一年，不需要任何燃料，用風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能驅(qū)動(dòng)傳感器等，由此可知，第三段主要講述的是海洋無(wú)人機(jī)的優(yōu)勢(shì)。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“trade-off”inParagraph5probablymean?A．Debate. B．Reason.C．Reality. D．Balance.解析：選D詞義猜測(cè)題。由第五段第一句可知，使用海洋無(wú)人機(jī)能節(jié)省很多錢。再由第五段倒數(shù)第二句可知，有一件事情海洋無(wú)人機(jī)做不到，但人類可以。對(duì)比理解，即可推斷出人類從海洋無(wú)人機(jī)處能得到的和不能得到的之間是一種平衡。據(jù)此可以得出“trade-off”意思與D項(xiàng)接近，表示“權(quán)衡，協(xié)調(diào)”。4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．TheSaildronehasapromisingfuture.B．HufnaglethinksnothingoftheSaildrone.C．Mannedshipswillbepletelyreplaced.D．Productionofseagoingrobotsisrestricted.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，預(yù)計(jì)今年SailDrone公司將使11個(gè)遠(yuǎn)洋航行機(jī)器人下水，為NOAA勘測(cè)不同的水域。據(jù)此可以得出，海洋無(wú)人機(jī)的前景光明。A項(xiàng)符合題意。B(2021·開封市高三第一次模擬)AndrewGreydoesn'tfitmostpeople'sideaofanastronomer.Heworksinacarrepairshop,notinalaboruniversity,yettheAustralianrepairmandiscoveredastarsystemhidingindatafromNASA'sKeplerspacetelescope.MrGreyisoneofmillionsofcitizenscientistshelpingresearcherstoexpandcollectiveunderstanding.Forcenturies,onlyafewordinarypeoplehadbeencontributingtoscience,butadvancesintechnologyhavebroughtahigherlevelofdemocratization(民主化)toscience.“Thisisacollaborative(合作的)effortthatanyonecouldgetinvolvedin，”saysChrisLintott,anOxfordUniversityastrophysicist(天體物理學(xué)家)andco-founderofZooniverse,aplatformthathostsdozensofcitizenscienceprojects.Citizenscientistscancontributetobreakthroughsinalmostanyfield,fromecologytoastrophysics.“Aslongaspatternrecognitionisinvolved,therearenolimitstowhatcanbeeacitizenscienceproject，”Lintottsays.“Anyonecanidentifypatternsinimages,graphs,orevenseeminglyboringdataafterashorttutorial.Machinelearningallowsputerstodosomepatternrecognition.Buthumans,particularlyamateurscientists,don'tstayfocusedonwhatthey'resupposedto.Andthat'sgood,becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset.”“Andcitizensciencedoesn'thavetobedirectedbyascientist，”saysSheilaJasanoff,directoroftheProgramonScience,TechnologyandSocietyatHarvardUniversity.“Citizensproducingknowledgeinplaceswhereofficialorganshavefailedthemcanalsobecitizenscientists，”shesays.That'swhathappenedinFlint,Citizen-poweredresearchisasoldasscientificinquiry.Forcenturiesbeforesciencebecameprofessionalized,regularpeoplelookedforpatternsintheworldaroundthem.Despitealotofadvancedequipmentandputermodels,scientistsstillwelehelpfromeverydaypeople.Asaprofessionalscientisthimself,Lintottsays,“Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent,butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp.”語(yǔ)篇解讀：數(shù)個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，只有少數(shù)普通人為科學(xué)作出了貢獻(xiàn)，但科技的進(jìn)步已經(jīng)為科學(xué)帶來(lái)了更高水平的民主化，科學(xué)是任何人都能參與的，每個(gè)人都有可能成為科學(xué)家。5．Whatmadecitizenscientistsappear?A．Thehighlevelofscienceprojects.B．Thedevelopmentoftechnology.C．Thesupportofthegovernment.D．ThefoundationofZooniverse.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“onlyafewordinarypeople...toscience”可知，科技的進(jìn)步為科學(xué)帶來(lái)了更高水平的民主化，從而使更多的普通人也能參與科學(xué)研究，促成了公民科學(xué)家的出現(xiàn)，故選B。6．Whatisanadvantageofhumansinpatternrecognitionparedwithmachines?A．Humanscanidentifypatternsmoreswiftly.B．Humansfocustheirattentionondata.C．Humanscanobserveunmonthings.D．Humanshavestrongeremotions.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Andthat'sgood,becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset.”可知，在模式識(shí)別方面，人類與機(jī)器相比，人類的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于能夠注意到一些不尋常的東西，故C項(xiàng)正確。7．WhatisLintott'sattitudetowardscitizenscience?A．Favorable. B．Cautious.C．Indifferent. D．Doubtf