新教材適用2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)Unit1ScienceFiction學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)新人教版選擇性必修第四冊(cè)

Unit1學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)(時(shí)間：120分鐘滿分：150分)選擇題部分第一部分：聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?CA．Atafruitshop.B．Atacandyshop.C．Atthewoman'shouse.2.Whatcoloristheman'stoothbrush?AA．Blue. B．Green.C．Red.3.Whatisthenewbuilding?AA．Anofficebuilding.B．Adepartmentstore.C．Ahospital.4.Whendoesthegirlhavetogotobed?AA．At8∶00p．m. B．At9∶00p．m.C．At11∶00p．m.5.Whatisthemanmostlyworriedabout?BA．Thesafetyofthemachine.B．Thesafetyoftheairplane.C．Theserviceoftheairhostess.其次節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatarethespeakersdoing?BA．Paintingthewalls.B．Movingfurniture.C．Cleaningthehouse.7.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthework?CA．Itisveryboring.B．Itiswelldone.C．Itisunnecessary.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Howistheweathertoday?CA．Windy. B．Cool.C．Nice.9.Whatseasonisitprobably?CA．Spring. B．Fall.C．Winter.10.Howdoesthemanfindthewoman'ssuggestion?AA．Dangerous. B．Wonderful.C．Justso-so.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WhatdoesthemanfindthemostdifficultinlearningEnglish?CA．Speaking. B．Writing.C．Listening.12.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman'ssuggestiononimprovinglisteningfinally?BA．Itisimpractical.B．Itisagoodidea.C．Itissilly.13.Whatisthemanadvisedtodotoimprovehiswriting?AA．FindanEnglishpenfriend.B．WatchEnglishTVprogrammes.C．ListentoEnglishradioprogrammes.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhydoesthewomangotoJapan?AA．Tostudy. B．Tofindajob.C．Totravel.15.Whatdidthemanplantodooriginally?BA．Workinasupermarket.B．Openhisownbusiness.C．StudyinJapan.16.Whatjobdoesthemanprobablydonow?BA．Adoctor. B．Ashopassistant.C．Anofficer.17.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?AA．Friends. B．Colleagues.C．Teacherandstudent.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhenweremanyofYork'slandmarksbuilt?AA．DuringtheMiddleAges.B．DuringtheVikingoccupation.C．DuringtheRomanoccupation.19.Whichisamust-visitinYork?AA．TheShambles.B．Georgiantownhouses.C．TheVictorianrailwaystation.20.What'sthepurposeofthetalk?BA．TointroduceYork'sorigin.B．ToattractvisitorstoYork.C．Torecommendbuildings.聽(tīng)力原文Text1M：Thissheetsmellslikestrawberries.Whendidyouwashit?W：Ididn'twashit.Ithinkmylittlegirlwaseatingcandyonthatbed.I'msosorry.M：Noproblem.Ithinkitsmellsgood.Text2M：Who'sbeenusingmytoothbrush?W：Notme，Dad.Iusetheblueoneeverymorning,andMomusesthegreenone.M：Alice！Yoursisred,notblue!Text3M：AnewbuildingisgoinguponSpringStreet.Itwillreplacetheolddepartmentstore.Iguessitmightbeahospital.W：Ireadinthepaperthatit'sanofficebuilding.Text4W：Whattimedoyouhavetogotobedeverynight,Mike?M：Inthesummer,Igotobedat11∶00p．m.Butwhenschoolstarts,I'llhavetobeinbedby9∶00p．m.W：Mybedtimeat8∶00p．m.isunreasonable!Text5M：What'sthatclickingnoise？Doyouhearit？Isthisairlinesafe?W：Oh，theairhostessisdoingthat.Theycountthepassengerswithalittlesilvermachine.Themachineclickseverytimetheycountsomeone.Text6W：Thatdoesn'tlookright.Canyouputthesofanexttothatsidetable?M：Youmeanweputthesofaacrossfromthebookshelf?W：Yes.Oh，andmaybeweshouldjustmovethecoffeetableoverherebythesechairs.M：Anythingelse?W：Well，nowthefurniturelooksgood,butIthinkweshouldmovethosepictures.M：Idon'tknowwhyyou'removingeverything.Itlookedfinebefore.Text7M：It'safinedaytoday.W：Yes.M：Muchbetterthanyesterday,isn'tit?W：Yes,butitwillbewindyandcoldtomorrow.M：Idon'tmindaslongasitdoesn'tsnow.W：Me,neither.Doyouwanttogoout?M：Ofcourse.Doyouhaveanyplan?W：Howaboutskating？Itwasfivedegreesbelowzeroyesterday.Iguessthelakeiscoveredwithicenow.M：ButIdon'tthinktheiceisstrongenoughyet.W：Perhapsyouareright.Ihopeforcolderweather,sowecangoskating.M：SodoI.Text8W：WhatdoyoufindthehardestinlearningEnglish?M：Ifindlisteningreallydifficult.W：Well，youjustneedalotofpractice.M：It'seasiersaidthandone!W：Whydon'tyoubuyaradio？ThenyoucanlistentoEnglishprogrammes.M：Doyouthinkthatwouldhelp?W：Ofcourse.M：That'sagoodidea.ButIalsohavesomedifficultiesinwriting.W：Oh,well,forthat,you'dbetterfindanEnglishpenfriend.M：Thankyouforyouradvice.Text9M：Hello，Linda.Ihaven'tseenyouforages.Whatareyoudoingintown?W：Oh,I'vejustcomebackfromJapan.M：Oh,you'vebeenabroad,haven'tyou?W：Yes，IwenttoJapantolearnJapanesethere.Andhowaboutyou？Thelasttimewetalked,didn'tyoutellmeyouweregoingtoopenyourownbusiness?M：That'sright.Iwas.Butthingsturnedoutdifferentl.W：But,youseemedsodeterminedtodothat.Whathappened?M：Well,it'sverycomplicated,andI'msureyoudon'twanttoknowallthedetails.AnywayIdecidedthatopeningmyownbusinessjustwasn'tforme.SoIdecidedtostayatmyoldjobinstead.W：Soyouarestillworkinginthatshop?M：Yes.Well,alothashappenedsincewelastsaweachother.W：I'llsay！Youknow,weshouldtrytostayintouch.M：Let'shavelunchtogethersometimesoon.W：Goodidea.Text10M：KingGeorgeⅥsaid“ThehistoryofYorkisthehistoryofEngland.”YorkwasfoundedbytheRomansin71AD.TheRomansalsolivedinitandruleditforthenextthreecenturies，turningitintoacityofglobalimportance.TheVikingoccupationofYorktookplacein866AD.TheVikingsfarmedthelandandweregreattraders,artists，engineersandshipbuilders.OvertheyearswhenYorkwasundertheVikings'rule，thecitydevelopedinasuccessfulway.TheMiddleAgesisanimportantperiodinYork'shistory,asmanyofthecity'slandmarkswerebuiltwithinthisperiod.There'rebuildingsoftheMiddleAges，impressiveGeorgiantownhousesandaVictorianrailwaystation.AsyouexploreYorkyouwilldiscoverthateveryaspectofYork'smodernlifeiscloselylinkedwithitspast.Youcan'tmisstheShambles，asit'soneofthemostrecognizedhistoricstreetsinEngland.YorkisbetweenLondonandEdinburgh,thecapitalofScotland.YoucantakeatrainfromLondontoYorkortakeabusfromLondontogothroughCambridgetoYorkeandfindoutmoreaboutYork'shistory!其次部分：閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A(2024·浙江省杭州市高三二模)ScienceandTechnologyCamp?Full-daycampforstudentsaged12-14?Four-weekprogramJuly5-30|Monday-Friday,9amto4pmWeek1|July5-9Week2|July12-16Week3|July19-23Week4|July26-30?RegistrationbeginsJune1,2024—registerforminimumtwoweeks.?Fees：$75registrationfee.$795perweek.Fullpaymentmustbemadeattimeofregistration.?ThedeadlineforthecancellationtoreceiveafullrefundisJune15,2024.CampStructureCampdaysarecomprisedofeightsessionswithtwosessionsperdaywhilethefinaldayoftheweekisreservedforoverviewsandreflection.Themorningsessionsbeginat9a．m.to12p．m.followedbyonehourforlunch.(Campersshouldbringtheirlunches.)Afternoonsessionsarescheduledfrom1p．m.to4p．m.with15-minutebreaksmidwaythrougheachsession.Snacksareprovidedatbreaktime.(Foodallergiesshouldbereportedatthetimeofregistration.)CampContentScienceandTechnologycampaboveallemphasizesentertainmentwhileteachingstudentsabouthowwebsitesaredesignedusingvariouscodinglanguages,rocketdesign,practicalapplicationsofmathandphysics,andhowtobuildyourownhydraulicssystem.CampPersonnelThecampisheadedbythehusband-and-wifeteamofDoctorsJamesandSophieClarkwhoareexpertsinthefieldsofcomputerscienceandmechanicalengineering.Ourmissionistomakesureeveryonefeelsfullysupportedandexcitedtobehere.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了一個(gè)科技夏令營(yíng)的相關(guān)信息。21.WhatisthelowestcostofattendingtheScienceandTechnologycamp?DA．$75. B．$795.C．$1,590. D．$1,665.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章中“RegistrationbeginsJune1,2024—registerforminimumtwoweeks.(注冊(cè)起先于2024年6月1日——最少注冊(cè)兩周。)”以及“Fees:$75registrationfee.$795perweek.Fullpaymentmustbemadeattimeofregistration.(費(fèi)用：75美元注冊(cè)費(fèi)。每周795美元。報(bào)名時(shí)須繳付全部費(fèi)用。)”可知，注冊(cè)費(fèi)75美元，每周795美元，最少注冊(cè)兩周，故參與科技夏令營(yíng)最低花費(fèi)為75＋795×2＝1,665美元。故選D。22.WhatisthemainemphasisofScienceandTechnologycamp?BA．Rocketscience. B．Funinlearning.C．Codinglanguage. D．Hands-onexperiences.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)CampContent部分“ScienceandTechnologycampaboveallemphasizesentertainmentwhileteachingstudentsabouthowwebsitesaredesigned...(科技夏令營(yíng)首先強(qiáng)調(diào)消遣性，同時(shí)教學(xué)生如何設(shè)計(jì)網(wǎng)站……)”可知，該夏令營(yíng)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)寓教于樂(lè)。故選B。23.Whoarethecampleaders?CA．Mechanicalengineers.B．Medicaldoctors.C．Amarriedcouple.D．Computertechnicians.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中“Thecampisheadedbythehusband-and-wifeteamofDoctorsJamesandSophieClarkwhoareexpertsinthefieldsofcomputerscienceandmechanicalengineering.(該夏令營(yíng)由JamesClark博士和SophieClark博士夫婦領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，他們是計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)和機(jī)械工程領(lǐng)域的專家。)”可知，夏令營(yíng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是一對(duì)夫婦。故選C。B(2024·山東省煙臺(tái)市高二月考)FromthetopofMountQomolangmatothebottomoftheMarianaTrench,plasticcontinuestopollutetheenvironment,anditcreatesasignificantthreattoalllifeformsonEarth.Despiteknowingtheeffectsofplasticpollution,wehavenotbeenabletobantheuseofplasticproducts.Now,thankstotheinventionofa17-year-oldgirl,Arora,wefinallyhaveabetterchoice.Thisplastic-likematerialismadefromprawnshells,anditbreaksdown1.5milliontimesfasterthanmostofthecommercialplasticproductsweusetoday.TheAustralianteenfirstbecameawareoftheimpactofplasticwasteontheenvironmentwhenshoppingwithhermother.Shewonderedwhyhermotherhadtopayfortheplasticbags.Whenasked,thecashierinformedherhowplastichurtstheplanetandthattheadditionalchargewastheretoencouragepeoplenottouseit.ThisinspiredAroratocreateakindofplasticthatwouldbreakdownfasterthantheconventionalone.Butthejourneyofinventing“eco-friendlyplastic”wasnoteasy.Sheexperimentedwithanumberoforganicmaterialssuchascornflourandbananapeels,bothofwhichhadtoberuledoutbecauseoftheirsolubility.Onenight,whilehavingdinner,shenoticedthattheshellsofprawnslookplasticky.Sheimmediatelywenttothelabtoresearch.Later,shewoulddescribethatdinnerasher“Eureka”moment.Sheextractedthematerialcalled“chitin”fromtheshellsandthenmixeditwithaninsolubleproteincalled“fibroin”，whichisfoundinsilkcocoons.Usingthecombinationofthesetwoorganicmaterials,Aroracreatedaplastic-likematerialthatbreaksdowncompletelywithinjust33days.Moreover,thisplasticreleasesnitrogenwhenbreakingdown,whichiswhyitcanbeusedasplantfertilizer.Arora'sinventionhascausedastir,andshehaswonanumberofawards.Asaninspiringyoungwoman,Arorawantstomakeadifferenceintheworld,andshewantstoencourageotheryoungpeopletofollowtheirpassionandmakeapositivedifferencehowevertheycan.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講解并描述了17歲的女孩Arora獨(dú)創(chuàng)了一種比傳統(tǒng)塑料分解更快的塑料，介紹了她獨(dú)創(chuàng)這種塑料的經(jīng)過(guò)和她的獨(dú)創(chuàng)所取得的成就。24.WhatinspiredAroratocreateakindofspecialplastic?AA．Acashier'swordsaboutpaidplasticbags.B．Herdeterminationtoprotecttheprawns.C．Aclassaboutplastic'simpactontheplanet.D．Herplantosavemoneyonplasticproducts.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中第三、四句(當(dāng)被詢問(wèn)時(shí)，收銀員告知她塑料是如何損害地球的，額外收費(fèi)是為了激勵(lì)人們不要運(yùn)用它。這啟發(fā)Arora獨(dú)創(chuàng)了一種比傳統(tǒng)塑料分解更快的塑料。)可知，是收銀員對(duì)收費(fèi)塑料袋的評(píng)價(jià)啟發(fā)Arora創(chuàng)建了一種特殊的塑料。故選A。25.Whatcouldbea“Eureka”moment?CA．Amomentofneedingreflection.B．Amomentoffindingthetruth.C．Amomentofhavingsuddeninspiration.D．Amomentofenjoyingthecelebration.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中“Onenight,whilehavingdinner,shenoticedthattheshellsofprawnslookplasticky.Sheimmediatelywenttothelabtoresearch.Later,shewoulddescribethatdinnerasher‘Eureka’moment.(一天晚上，在吃晚飯的時(shí)候，她留意到蝦殼看起來(lái)像塑料。她馬上去試驗(yàn)室做探討。后來(lái)，她將那次晚餐描述為她的‘頓悟’時(shí)刻。)”可推知，Arora在那次吃晚飯時(shí)從蝦殼中得到了靈感，創(chuàng)建出了這種分解很快的塑料，所以“Eureka”的時(shí)刻是指突發(fā)靈感的瞬間。故選C。26.WhatcanbeknownaboutthenewplasticinParagraph4?CA．Itismadefromnon-organicmaterials.B．Itcanbreakdowntotallyinamonth.C．Itcanbeusedtohelpplantstogrow.D．Itisextractedfromaninsolubleprotein.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中最終一句(此外，這種塑料在分解時(shí)會(huì)釋放出氮，這就是為什么它可以用作植物肥料。)可知，第四段中的新型塑料可以用來(lái)幫助植物生長(zhǎng)。故選C。27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeArora?BA．Braveandclever.B．Creativeandinspiring.C．Activeandconsiderate.D．Humorousandfriendly.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中其次句(Arora將這兩種有機(jī)材料結(jié)合起來(lái)，創(chuàng)建了一種類似塑料的材料，這種材料在短短33天內(nèi)就能完全分解。)以及最終一段中其次句(作為一名鼓舞人心的年輕女性，Arora想要變更世界，她希望激勵(lì)其他年輕人追隨自己的激情，盡其所能做出主動(dòng)的變更。)可推知，Arora創(chuàng)建出了分解更快的塑料，且激勵(lì)其他年輕人，所以她是個(gè)有創(chuàng)建性和啟發(fā)性的人。故選B。C(2024·江蘇省南京市六校聯(lián)合體高二聯(lián)合調(diào)研)FelixRuppertandAlexanderBadri-SprowitzattheMaxPlanckInstituteforIntelligentSystemsinStuttgart,Germany,designedahalf-metre-highrobotcalledMortiandgaveitthecapacitytoteachitselfhowtowalk,ratherthantoperformapre-programmedstep.Thefour-leggedrobottookonlyanhourtolearnhowtowalksteadily,roughlythesameamountoftimeasnewbornhorsesneed.Andit'sthefirsttimethatamachinelearningtechniquehasbeensosuccessfullyappliedtofour-leggedrobots.Mortiiscontrolledbyanartificialintelligence(AI)algorithm(算法)thatdoesn'thavemuchinformationabouttherobot'slegs,suchastheexactshapeofeachelement.“TheAI,workinglikethecentralnervoussystem,giveswalkinginstructionsforMortitofollow.Itthenadjuststhemonthebasisofreadingsfromfootsentencesthatsignalwhentherobotfallsandlosescontactwiththeground.Initially,Mortifallsdown,butafteraboutanhourtheAIfindsthebestwaytomakeitwalk，”saidRuppert.BecausetheAIlearnsratherthancalculatingdetailsofeachleg'smovementinadvance,whichcanusealotofenergy,Mortiwalksusing42percentlessenergythanwhenitfirststartsattheendofanhour-longlearningprocess.Morti'sprocesscopiesthewaybabyanimalslearntomove,astheyalsofindthemostefficientwaytousetheirmusclesbytryingandinitiallytripping.DhireeshaKudithipudiattheUniversityofTexasatSanAntoniosaidthatAIrobotscanoftenlearnaspecifictaskverywellbutcan'tmakereadjustmentswhentheenvironmentchangesandthatMorti'sdesign,whichreliesoncontinuallyadjustingtherobot'smovement,mayperformbetterinthatregard.RuppertsaidheandtheteamareworkingonaddingmoresensorsandrangeofmotiontoMortiinagesturetomakeitamoreanimal-likerobot.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一款可以像剛誕生的馬一樣只用一小時(shí)就學(xué)會(huì)走路的四條腿的機(jī)器人。28.WhatisspecialaboutMorti?BA．Itispre-programmedtowalk.B．Itcanlearntowalkbyitself.C．Itisthefirstfour-leggedrobot.D．Itcanhelpteachthenewborns.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段第一句(德國(guó)斯圖加特馬克斯普朗克智能系統(tǒng)探討所的費(fèi)利克斯·魯珀特和亞歷山大·巴德里·斯普羅維茨設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)半米高叫做的Morti機(jī)器人，并讓它擁有能夠教它自己走路的實(shí)力，而不是執(zhí)行預(yù)編程的步驟。)可知，Morti的特殊之處在于它可以教會(huì)自己走路，即自學(xué)走路。故選B。29.WhichaspectofMortiisstressedinParagraph2?CA．Itsbodystructure.B．Itsdesignconcept.C．Itslearningprocess.D．Itsworkingconditions.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章其次段中的關(guān)鍵詞giveswalkinginstructionsforMortitofollow、footsentences、fallsdown、makeitwalk等可知，本段強(qiáng)調(diào)的是Morti學(xué)習(xí)走路的過(guò)程。故選C。30.HowdoestheAI'slearningabilitybenefitMorti?CA．BypredictingMorti'slegmovement.B．BytrainingMorti'smusclestothebest.C．ByloweringMorti'senergyconsumption.D．BystrengtheningMorti'sbondwithothers.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段第一句(因?yàn)槿斯ぶ悄軐W(xué)習(xí)而不是預(yù)先計(jì)算每個(gè)腿部運(yùn)動(dòng)的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)(這可能會(huì)消耗大量的能量)，Morti在一個(gè)小時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程結(jié)束后，比剛起先走路時(shí)少用了42%的能量。)可知，人工智能的學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)力削減了Morti的能量消耗。故選C。31.WhatisDhireeshaKudithipudi'sattitudetowardsMorti?DA．Doubtful. B．Cautious.C．Subjective. D．Favorable.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段第一句(DhireeshaKudithipudi表示，人工智能機(jī)器人通?？梢院芎玫貙W(xué)習(xí)一項(xiàng)特定任務(wù)，但無(wú)法在環(huán)境變更時(shí)重新調(diào)整，Morti的設(shè)計(jì)依靠于不斷調(diào)整機(jī)器人的運(yùn)動(dòng)，因此它在這方面可能會(huì)表現(xiàn)得更好。)可知，DhireeshaKudithipudi對(duì)Morti應(yīng)是持確定的看法的，是支持的。故選D。D(2024·東北育才學(xué)校高二月考)People'sabilitytorememberfadeswithage—butoneday,researchersmightbeabletouseasimple,drug-freemethodtobuckthistrend.Inastudypublishedon22AugustinNatureNeuroscience,RobertReinhart,acognitiveneuroscientistatBostonUniversityinMassachusetts,andhiscolleaguesdemonstratethatzapping(刺激)thebrainsofadultsagedover65withweakelectricalcurrentsrepeatedlyoverseveraldaysledtomemoryimprovementsthatpersistedforuptoamonth.Usinganon-invasivemethodofstimulatingthebrainknownastranscranialalternatingcurrentstimulation(TACS),whichdeliverselectricalcurrentsthroughelectrodesonthesurfaceofthescalp,Reinhart'steamconductedaseriesofexperimentson150peopleagedbetween65and88.Participantscarriedoutamemorytaskinwhichtheywereaskedtorecalllistsof20wordsthatwerereadaloudbyanexperimenter.TheparticipantsunderwentTACSfortheentiredurationofthetask,whichtook20minutes.Afterfourcontinuousdaysofthisprotocol,participantswhoreceivedhigh-frequencystimulationofthedorsolateralprefrontalcortex(背外側(cè)前額葉皮質(zhì))hadanimprovedabilitytorememberwordsfromthebeginningofthelists,ataskthatdependsonlong-termmemory.Low-frequencyzapstotheinferiorparietallobe(頂下小葉)enhancedparticipants'recallofitemslaterinthelists,whichinvolves‘working'memory—thememorythatallowsthebraintostoreinformationtemporarily.Participants'memoryperformanceimprovedoverthefourdays—andthegainspersistedevenamonthlater.Thosewhohadthelowestlevelsofgeneralcognitivefunctionbeforethestudyexperiencedthelargestmemoryimprovements.“Iwasbothimpressedandsurprisedbythis,bythispaper，”saysSimonHanslmayr,acognitiveneuroscientistattheUniversityofGlasgow,UK.Henotesthatalongwithotherscientists,hehasbeenscepticalaboutwhetherTACScanleadtomeaningfulchangesincognition.OneissuehasbeenthatTACSdevicesgenerateelectricalcurrentsmuchweakerthanthosecreatedbyothermethodsofstimulatingthebrain,soithasn'talwaysbeenclearwhethertheycantransmitenoughelectricitytothebraintomodifyitsfunction.However,theauthorsofthisstudyconvincinglyshowedthattheirprotocolwaslinkedto“consistentandquitestrongimprovementsinmemory”，Hanslmayrsays.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。探討人員發(fā)覺(jué)用弱電流反復(fù)刺激成年人的大腦，可以使記憶改善持續(xù)長(zhǎng)達(dá)一個(gè)月。32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“buck”meaninParagraph1?DA．Operate. B．Destroy.C．Follow. D．Resist.解析：詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)文章第一段中的“People'sabilitytorememberfadeswithage(人的記憶力會(huì)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而衰退)”和句中的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but以及畫線詞后面的thistrend可知，探討人員找到的方法應(yīng)當(dāng)是能夠抵制人的記憶力隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而衰退的趨勢(shì)。故選D。33.Whatcanwelearnabouttheexperiments?CA．Theexperimentsinvolvedpeopleagedover65andyoungstudentswithgoodmemory.B．Participantswererequiredtorecalllistsof20wordswhentheyreadthewordsaloud.C．Stimulatingtheinferiorparietallobewithlow-frequencyboostedtheshort-termmemory.D．High-frequencystimulationofthedorsolateralprefrontalcorteximproved‘working’memory.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中“Low-frequencyzapstotheinferiorparietallobe(頂下小葉)enhancedparticipants'recallofitemslaterinthelists,whichinvolves‘working’memory—thememorythatallowsthebraintostoreinformationtemporarily.(頂下小葉的低頻電擊增加了參與者對(duì)列表中后面的項(xiàng)目的回憶，這涉及到‘工作’記憶——允許大腦臨時(shí)存儲(chǔ)信息的記憶。)”可知，低頻刺激頂葉對(duì)短時(shí)記憶有促進(jìn)作用。故選C。34.WhyhasSimonHanslmayrbeenscepticalaboutTACS?AA．TheelectricitysentbyTACSisnotsufficienttoguaranteemeaningfulchangesincognition.B．Thepeoplewhohavepoorcognitivefunctionexperiencedtheleastmemoryimprovements.C．TACSdevicesgenerateelectricalcurrentsasweakasthosecreatedbyothermethods.D．TACSdevicescannotensureconsistentandquitestrongimprovementsinmemory.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中其次、三句(他指出，和其他科學(xué)家一樣，他始終懷疑TACS是否能導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知的有意義的變更。一個(gè)問(wèn)題是，TACS設(shè)備產(chǎn)生的電流比其他刺激大腦的方法產(chǎn)生的電流弱得多，所以始終不清晰它們是否能向大腦傳輸足夠的電流來(lái)變更大腦的功能。)可知，SimonHanslmayr懷疑TACS是因?yàn)門ACS發(fā)出的電流不足以保證認(rèn)知發(fā)生有意義的變更。故選A。35.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?CA．TACScanleadtomeaningfulchangesincognition.B．TACScanhelppeoplewithconditionssuchasAlzheimer'sdisease.C．Brainstimulationleadstolong-lastingimprovementsinmemory.D．Brainstimulationbenefitsthosewithpoorcognitivefunctionmost.解析：主旨大意題。這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是探討人員發(fā)覺(jué)用弱電流反復(fù)刺激成年人的大腦，可以使記憶改善持續(xù)長(zhǎng)達(dá)一個(gè)月。故選C。其次節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。(2024·湖南省湖南師范高校附屬中學(xué)高二階段測(cè)試)Currently,ChatGPTisanexcitingnewAItechnologythathasthepotentialtorevolutionizethewayhumansinteractwithmachines.36.CChatGPTcanbeabeneficialtoolforeveryone,especiallyformanystudentsinthefollowingways.Conciselyrephraselengthyarticlesandessaystomakethemeasiertoread.Studentsarefrequentlyunabletodelve(探究)deeplyintoconcepts,essays,orarticlestobuildfullunderstandinginacademicsettingsduetoacademicpressureanddemandingandbusystudyschedules,especiallywithdeadlinesforreadinglongpublications.37.EStudentscanutilizeChatGPTtosummarizearticles,researchpapers,andevenessaystogetthemainideasofthematerialinabriefsummary.38.ATosupportstudentseffectively,ChatGPTcanbeofgreathelpbecauseitgeneralizesthenotesinaccordancewiththewordlimitstudentsdemandinaclearandbriefmanner.Studyingandgettingreadyforexamsandtestscanbequitehelpful.Theclassnotescanbeorganizedinatypedmannerwithonlyafewquickprompts,puttingallthematerialsinoneplace.Studentscanemploystraightforwardpromptsthatlistthesourcesthatneedtobecompiledintothesummaryaswellasthemaximumlengthallowed.Organize,create,andsendemails.Studentsmayfrequentlywriteemails,applications,orformallettersofcommunicationtotheirteachers,orpeers.Inparticular,iftheyhaveabusyacademicschedule,writingsuchformalpaperscanbeexceedinglytime-consumingandlaborious.ThenChatGPThelps.39.GJustenteringtheobjective,andspecifyingthetonestudentswant,ChatGPTmaygenerateagrammaticallycorrectandformalemailinamatterofseconds.Timemanagementandacademicorganization.Asidefromthosetohelpwithactualacademictasks,ChatGPTcanalsoassiststudentswithorganizingandcategorizingtheiracademicworkingeneral.Andtheycanusethistoolmoreefficientlytogetgeneralguidanceandrecommendationsonhowtohandleacademics,suchashowtoorganizeanassignment,howtobalanceacademicworkwithotherinterests,andsoon.40.FA．Summarizetheclassnotes.B．Comeupwithartisticcompositionideas.C．AnditcouldcreatemorepowerfulandusefulAIapplications.D．Moreimportantly,itreliesonhumanfeedbacktoimproveitsaccuracy.E．Inthesecases,itmightbeusefulingivingyouabroadoverviewofanessayorarticle.F．SoChatGPTcanbeusedasatoolofassistanceinanalmostunlimitednumberofways.G．Itmaygreatlysimplifyyourlifebywritingemailsorapplicationspreciselyandlogically.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要說(shuō)明白如何利用新人工智能ChatGPT來(lái)幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。解析：36．設(shè)空處前后都是關(guān)于ChatGPT的功能，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)接著點(diǎn)明ChatGPT的用途，故C選項(xiàng)(并且它可以創(chuàng)建更強(qiáng)大、更有用的人工智能應(yīng)用。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。37．設(shè)空處后文(學(xué)生可以利用ChatGPT來(lái)總結(jié)文章，探討論文，甚至散文，以一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的摘要來(lái)獲得材料的主要思想。)是對(duì)上文提到的一些狀況的應(yīng)對(duì)方法，E選項(xiàng)(在這些狀況下，它可能會(huì)讓你對(duì)一篇文章有一個(gè)廣泛的概述。)承上啟下，且選項(xiàng)中thesecases指代前文“由于學(xué)術(shù)壓力和繁忙的學(xué)習(xí)安排，尤其是閱讀長(zhǎng)篇出版物的截止日期，學(xué)生往往無(wú)法深化探討概念、論文或文章，以充分理解學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境”這些狀況。故選E。38．此空為段落主題句，依據(jù)后文內(nèi)容可知，主要說(shuō)明要總結(jié)課堂筆記。且A選項(xiàng)簡(jiǎn)短，句式與其他主題句一樣。故選A。39．依據(jù)上文“ThenChatGPThelps.”可知，本句及后文是在詳細(xì)說(shuō)明ChatGPT是如何幫助你寫電子郵件的。故G選項(xiàng)(精確而有邏輯地寫電子郵件或應(yīng)用程序可以大大簡(jiǎn)化你的生活。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。40．本段主題是“時(shí)間管理和學(xué)術(shù)組織”，后文詳細(xì)說(shuō)明ChatGPT可幫助學(xué)生完成實(shí)際的學(xué)術(shù)任務(wù)，對(duì)他們的學(xué)術(shù)工作進(jìn)行大致的組織和分類，獲得一些關(guān)于如何處理學(xué)術(shù)問(wèn)題的指導(dǎo)和建議。F選項(xiàng)(因此ChatGPT可以作為一種協(xié)助工具以幾乎無(wú)限的方式運(yùn)用。)總結(jié)上文。故選F。第三部分：語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每小題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。(2024·東省日照市高考一模)A17-year-oldteenager,AnikaPuri,hasinventedalow-costtooltospotelephantpoachers(偷獵者)inrealtime.Shewonthe2024PeggyScrippsAwardforScienceCommunicationforhermodelofamachine-learning-drivensoftwarethat41.Amovementpatternsinthermalvideosofhumansandelephants.“I'mespeciallyexcitedbythe42.Bfocusingonendangeredspeciesandenvironmentalscience，”Purisaid.DuringarecenttriptoIndia,Purirealizedthatelephantswerestillbeing43.Cfortheirtusks(牙)．“Iwasquitetakenaback(驚訝)，”Purisaid.“BecauseIalwaysthought,‘well,poachingis44.D;howcomeitreallyisstillsuchabig45.A？’”O(jiān)verthenexttwoyears,Puri46.BthesoftwareEISa(shortforelephantsavior)．Thiswildlifepoacherdetectionsolutionisbasedona47.Cprocess:anEISacameraattachedtoamobilephone48.Doveraparkonadroneand49.Athemovementsofelephantsorhumans.Thesoftwareisfourtimesmore50.Bthanexistingstate-of-the-artdetectionmethods.Italsodecreasesthe51.Cforexpensivehigh-resolutionthermalcameras.The17-year-old'sinventionhaseared52.Bfromnotablescientists.“Puri'ssoftwareisquiteadmirable，”saysJasperEikelboom,anecologist,“It'squite53.Dthatasenorhighschoolstudenthasbeenableto54.Asomethinglikethis.Notonlytheresearchandtheanalysis,butalsobeingableto55.Ditinthemodels.”語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要說(shuō)明白17歲的少年安妮卡·普里獨(dú)創(chuàng)了一種低成本的工具，可以實(shí)時(shí)發(fā)覺(jué)大象偷獵者。介紹了其獨(dú)創(chuàng)經(jīng)過(guò)和科學(xué)家的看法。41.A．a(chǎn)nalyzes B．changesC．repeats D．draws解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她以機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)驅(qū)動(dòng)的軟件模型獲得了2024年佩吉·斯克里普斯科學(xué)傳播獎(jiǎng)，該軟件分析了人類和大象熱視頻中的運(yùn)動(dòng)模式。依據(jù)賓語(yǔ)“movementpatternsinthermalvideosofhumansandelephants”可知，“分析運(yùn)動(dòng)模式”符合語(yǔ)境。A．a(chǎn)nalyzes分析；B.changes變更；C.repeats重復(fù)；D.draws畫畫。故選A。42.A．discovery B．inventionC．theory D．concept解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：普里說(shuō)：“這項(xiàng)專注于瀕危物種和環(huán)境科學(xué)的獨(dú)創(chuàng)讓我特殊興奮。”依據(jù)后文“The17-year-old'sinvention”可知這是一項(xiàng)獨(dú)創(chuàng)。A．discovery發(fā)覺(jué)；B.invention獨(dú)創(chuàng)；C.theory理論；D.concept概念。故選B。43.A．trained B．protectedC．killed D．raised解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在最近的一次印度之行中，普里意識(shí)到，大象仍在被獵殺以獲得象牙。依據(jù)后文“fortheirtusks”可知，大象仍在被獵殺以獲得象牙。A．trained訓(xùn)練；B.protected愛(ài)護(hù)；C.killed殺死；D.raised籌集。故選C。44.A．dangerous B．harmfulC．unnecessary D．illegal解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“因?yàn)槲沂冀K在想，‘嗯，偷獵是非法的；為什么這仍舊是一個(gè)大問(wèn)題？'”依據(jù)句子主語(yǔ)“poaching”(偷獵)，illegal(非法的)作表語(yǔ)符合語(yǔ)境。A．dangerous危急的；B.harmful有害的；C.unnecessary不必要的；D.illegal非法的。故選D。45.A．issue B．businessC．burden D．effect解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。此處指非法偷獵這一問(wèn)題。依據(jù)上文“poachingisillegal”可知，這是個(gè)問(wèn)題。A．issue問(wèn)題；B.business生意；C.burden負(fù)擔(dān)；D.effect影響。故選A。46.A．used B．createdC．downloaded D．sold解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在接下來(lái)的兩年里，普里創(chuàng)建了軟件EISa(大象救世主的縮寫)。結(jié)合后文“The17-year-old'sinvention”可知，這個(gè)軟件是他創(chuàng)建的。A．used運(yùn)用；B.created創(chuàng)建；C.downloaded下載；D.sold出售。故選B。47.A．similar B．naturalC．simple D．gradual解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這種檢測(cè)野生動(dòng)物偷獵者的解決方案基于一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔的過(guò)程：一個(gè)連接在手機(jī)上的EISa攝像頭在無(wú)人機(jī)上飛過(guò)公園，檢測(cè)大象或人類的運(yùn)動(dòng)。依據(jù)后文“anEISacameraattachedtoamobilephone”可知，過(guò)程只須要一個(gè)連接在手機(jī)上的EISa攝像頭在無(wú)人機(jī)上飛過(guò)公園，很簡(jiǎn)潔。A．similar相像的；B.natural自然的；C.simple簡(jiǎn)潔的；D.gradual漸漸的。故選C。48.A．passes B．spreadsC．jumps D．flies解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。依據(jù)后文“overaparkonadrone”可知，是無(wú)人機(jī)飛過(guò)公園。A．passes通過(guò)；B.spreads傳播；C.jumps跳動(dòng)；D.flies飛。故選D。49.A．detects B．controlsC．stops D．directs解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。依據(jù)后文賓語(yǔ)“themovementsofelephantsorhumans”可知，“無(wú)人機(jī)檢測(cè)大象或人類的活動(dòng)”動(dòng)賓搭配恰當(dāng)，符合語(yǔ)境。A．detects查明；覺(jué)察；B.contr