大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試模擬題（附答案）

大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試模擬題（附答案）

寫作模擬真題

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutesto

writeanessayontheimportanceofhavingasenseof

communityrespousibility.Youshouldwriteatleast150

wordsbutnomorethan200words.

閱讀模擬真題

選詞填空

Thenumberofdevicesyoucantalktoismultiplying

--firstitwasyourphone,thenyourcat,andnowyoucan

tellyourkitchenapplianceswhattodo.Butevenwithout

gadgetsthatunderstandourspokencommands,

researchsuggeststhat,asbizarreisitsounds,under

certain_26_peopleregularlyascribehumantraitsto

everydayobjects.

Sometimesweseethingsashumanbecauseweare

_27_Inoneexperiment,peoplewhoreportedfeeling

isolatedweremorelikelythanotherstoattribute_28—

tovariousgadgets.Inturn,feelingclosetoobjectscan

_29_loneliness.Whencollegestudentswere

remindedofatimetheyhadbeen30inasocial

setting,theycompensatedbyexaggeratingtheirnumber

offriends-unlesstheywerefirstgiventasksthatcaused

themtointeractwiththeirphoneasifithadhuman

qualities.Accordingtotheresearchers,theparticipants'

phones_31—substitutedforrealfriends.

Atothertimes,wepersonifyproductsinaneffortto

understandthem.Onestudyfoundthatthreeinfour

respondentsyelledattheircomputer.Further,themore

theircomputergavethemproblems,themorelikelythe

respondentsweretoreportthatithaditsown"beliefs

and_32_

Sohowdopeopleassigntrailstoanobject?Inpar,

werelyonlooks.Onhumanswidefacesare__33_with

dominance.Similarly,peopleratedcurs,clocks,and

watcheswithwidefacesasmoredominant-lookingthan

narrow-facedones,andpreferredthem-especiallyin

_34_situations.AnanalysisofcarsalesinGermany

foundthatcarswithgrilles(護(hù)柵)thatwereupturnedlike

smilessoldbest.Thepurchaserssawthis__35__as

increasingacar'sfriendliness.

A)alleviate

B)apparently

C)arrogant

D)associated

E)circumstances

F)competitive

G)conceded

H)consciousness

I)desires

J)excluded

K)feature

L)lonely

M)separate

N)spectacularly

O)warrant

閱讀答案

(26)E

(27)L

(28)H

(29)A

(30)J

(31)B

(32)1

(33)D

(34)F

(35)K

段落匹配

WhyMoreFarmersAreMakingTheSwitchto

Grass-FedMeatandDairy

A)Thoughhedidn'tcomefromafarmingfamily,

fromayoungageTimJosephwasfascinatedbytheidea

oflivingofftheland.ReadingmagazineslikeThe

StockmanGrassFarmerandGraze,hegothookedonthe

ideaofgrass-fedagriculture.Theideathatallenergyand

wealthcomesfromthesunreallyintriguedhim.He

thoughttheshorterthedistancebetweenthesunandthe

endproduct,thehighertheprofittothefarmer.

B)Josephwantedtoputthistheorytothetest.In

2009,heandhiswifeLauralaunchedMapleHill

Creamery,anorganic,allgrass-fedyogurtcompanyin

northernNewYork.Hequicklylearnedwhatthemarket

hasdemonstrated:Demandforgrass-fedproducts

currentlyexceedssupply.Grass-fedbeefisenjoyinga

25-30%annualgrowthrate.Salesofgrass-fedyogurt

andkefir(發(fā)酵乳飲品)，ontheotherhand,haveinthelast

yearincreasedbyover38%,Thisisincomparisonwitha

dropofjustunder1%inthetotalyogurtandkefirmarket,

accordingtonaturalandorganicmarketresearch

companySPINS.Joseph'stopprioritybecamegettinghis

handsonenoughgrass-fedmilktokeepcustomers

satisfied,sincehisown64-cowherdwasn'tgoingto

suffice.

C)HisfirstpartnershipwaswithPaulandPhyllis

Amburgh,ownersoftheDharmaLeafarminNewYork.

TheAmburghs,too,weretruebelieversingrass-fed.In

additiontosupplyingmilkfromtheirown85-headherd,

theybegantohelpotherfarmersintheareaconvertfrom

conventionaltocertifiedorganicandgrass-fedinorderto

entertheMapleHillsupplychain.Since2010,thecouple

hashelped125smalldairyfarmsconverttograss-fed,

withmorethan80%ofthosefarmscomingonboard

duringthelasttwoyears.

D)AllthisconversionhashelpedMapleHillgrow

40-50%everyyearsinceitbegan,withnoendinsight.

Josephhaslearnedthatafarmerhastohaveacertain

mindsettosuccessfullyconvert.Butconvincingopen-

mindeddairypeopleisactuallynotthathard,whenyou

lookattheeconomics.Grassfedmilkcanfetchupto2.5

timesthepriceofconventionalmilk.Anotherfactoristhe

squeezethatconventionaldairyfarmershavefeltasthe

priceofgraintheyfeedtheircowshasgoneup,

tighteningtheirprofitmargins.Byreplacingexpensive

grainfeedwithregenerativemanagementpractices,

grass-fedfarmersareinsulatedfromjumpsintheprice

offeed.Thesepracticesincludegrazinganimalson

grassesgrownfromthepasturelandsnaturalseedbank,

andfertilizedbythecows*ownfertilizer.

E)Championsofthistypeofregenerativegrazing

alsopointtoitsanimalwelfare,climateandhealth

benefits:Grass-fedanimalslivelongeroutof

confinement.Grazingherdsstimulatemicrobial(微生物的)

activityinthesoil,helpingtocapturewaterandseparate

carbon.Andgrass-feddairyandmeathavebeenshown

tobehigherincertainnutrientsandhealthyfats.

F)Inthegrass-fedsystem,farmersarealsonot

subjecttothewildlyfluctuatingmilkpricesofthe

internationalcommoditymarket.Theunpredictabilityof

globaldemandandthelag-timeittakestoaddmore

cowstoaherdtomeetdemandcanresultineventslike

therecentcheesesurplus.Goinggras-fedisasaferefuge,

awayforfamily-scalefarmstostayviable.Usuallya

farmerwillgettothepointwherefinancially,what

they'redoingisnotworking.That'swhentheycallMaple

Hill.Ifthefarmiswellmanagedandhasenoughland,

andthedesiretoconvertissincere,arelationshipcan

begin.Throughregularregionaleducationalmeetings,a

largeannualmeeting,individualfarmvisitsand

thousandsofphonecalls,theAmburghspassonthe

principlesofpasturemanagement.MapleHillsignsa

contractpledgingtobuythefarmer'smilkata

guaranteedbaseprice,plusqualitypremiumsand

incentivesforhigherprotein,butter-fatandothersolids.

G)WhileMapleHill'sconversionprogramisunusually

hands-onandcomprehensive,it'sjustoneofagrowing

numberofbusinessescommittedtoslowlychangingthe

wayAmericafarms.Josephcallssharinghisknowledge

networkthroughpeer-to-peerlearningacorepieceof

thecompany'sculture.Lastsummer,Massachusetts

grass-fedbeefadvocateJohnSmithlaunchedBigPicture

Beef,anetworkofsmallgrass-fedbeeffarmsinNew

EnglandandNewYorkthatisprojectedtobringto

market2,500headofcattlefrom125producersthisyear.

EarlyindicationsarethatSmithwillhavenoshortageof

farmmembers.Sincehebegantoinformallyannounce

thenetworkatfarmingconferencesandonsocialmedia,

he'sreceivedasteadystreamofinquiriesfrom

interestedfarmers.

H)Smithsayshe'llprovideservicesrangingfrom

formalseminarstoon-farmworkshopsonholistic(整體的)

management,toone-on-onehand-holdingandanalmost

24/7phonehotlineforfarmerswhoareconverting.In

exchange,heguaranteesanabove-marketpriceforeach

animalandacalf-to-customerelectroniceartagID

systemlikethatusedintheEuropeanUnion.

I)Thoughadvocatesportraygrassfedproductsasa

win-winsituationforall,theydohavedownsides.Price,

forone,isanissue.Josephsayshisproductsarepriced

10-20%aboveorganicversions,butdependingonthe

productchosen,comparedtonon-organicconventional

yogurt,consumerscouldpayapremiumof30-50%or

moreforgrass-fed.Asforthemeat,Smithsayshis

grass-fedhamburgerwillbepriced20-25%overthe

conventionalalternative.Butalookatthepriceson

onlinegrocerFreshDirectsuggestsagrass-fedpremium

ofanywherefrom35-60%.

J)Andnoteveryfarmerhastheoptionofgoing

grass-fed.Forbothbeefanddairyproduction,itrequires,

atleastinthebeginning,morepastureland.Grass-fed

beefproductiontendstobemorelabor-intensiveaswell.

ButSmithcountersthatifyoufactorinthehiddencostof

governmentcormsubsidies,environmentdegradation,

anddecreasedhumanhealthandanimalwelfare,

grass-fedisthemorecost-effectivemodel."Thesun

providesthelowestcostofproductionandthecheapest

meat,"hesays.

K)Anothergrass-fedboosterspurringfarmersto

convertisEPIC,whichmakesmeat-basedproteinbars.

FoundersTaylorCollinsandhiswife,KatieForrest,used

tobeenduranceathletes;nowthey'readvocatesof

grass-fedmeat.SoonafterlaunchingEPIC'smost

successfulproduct-theBisonBaconCranberryBar-

CollinsandForrestfoundthey'dexhaustedtheirsources

forbison(:|匕美里予牛)raisedexclusivelyonpasture.When

theystartedresearchingthesupplychain,theylearned

thatonly2-3%ofallbisonisactuallygrass-fed.Therest

isfeed-lotconfinedandfedgrainandcorm.

L)ButafterGeneralMillsboughtEPICin2016,

CollinsandForrestsuddenlyhadtheresourcesthey

neededtoexpandtheirsupplychain.Sothecompany

teamedupwithWisconsin-basedrancherNorthstarBison.

EPICfrontedthemoneyforthepurchaseof$2.5million

worthofyoungbisonthatwillberaisedaccordingtoits

grass-fedprotocols,withaguaranteedpurchaseprice.

Themessagetoyoungpeoplewhomightnototherwise

beabletoaffordtobreakintothebusinessis,“'Youcar

PurchasethisS3millionpieceoflandhere,becauseI'm

guaranteeingyoutodayyou'llhave1,000bisononit.'

We'rebringingnewbloodintotheold,conventional

farmingecosystem,whichisreallycooltosee,"Collins

explains.

36.Farmersgoinggrass-fedarenotaffectedbythe

ever-changingmilkpricesoftheglobalmarket.

37.Overtheyears,TimJoseph'spartnershave

helpedmanydairyfarmerstoswitchtograss-fed.

38.Oneadvocatebelievesthatmanyotherbenefits

shouldbetakenintoconsiderationwhenweassessthe

cost-effectivenessofgrass-fedfarming.

39.Manydairyfarmerswerepersuadedtoswitchto

grass-fedwhentheysawitsadvantageintermsof

profits.

40.TimJoseph'sgrass-fedprogramisonlyone

exampleofhowAmericanfarmingpracticeischanging.

41.TimJosephwasfascinatedbythenotionthat

sunlightbringsenergyandwealthtomankind.

42.Oneproblemwithgrass-fedproductsisthatthey

areusuallymoreexpensivethanconventionalones.

43.Grass-fedproductshaveprovedtobehealthier

andmorenutritious.

44.WhenTimJosephstartedhisbusiness,hefound

grass-fedproductsfellshortofdemand.

45.Asnackbarproducerdiscoveredthatthesupply

ofpurelygrass-fedbisonmeatwasscarce.

閱讀答案

36.F

37.C

38.J

39.D

40.G

41.A

42.1

43.E

44.B

45.K

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowing

passage.

Schoolsarenotjustamicrocosm（縮影）ofsociety;

theymediateittoo.Thebestseektoalleviatethe

externalpressuresontheirpupilswhileequippingthem

bettertounderstandandhandletheworldoutside-at

onceshelteringthemandbroadeningtheirhorizons.This

isambitiousinanycircumstances,andinadividedand

unequalsocietythetwoidealscanclashoutright（直接地）.

Tripsthatmanyadultswouldconsidertheadventure

ofalifetime--treksinBorneo,asportstourtoBarbados

—appeartohavebecomealmostroutineatsomestate

schools.Parentsarebeingaskedforthousandsofpounds.

Thoughschoolscannotprofitfromthesetrips,the

companiesthatarrangethemdo.Meanwhile,pupils

arriveatschoolhungrybecausetheirfamiliescan'tafford

breakfast.TheChildPovertyActionGroupsaysnineout

of30ineveryclassroomfallbelowthepovertyline.The

discrepancyisstartlinglyapparent.Introducinga

fundraisingrequirementforstudentsdoesnothelp,as

better-offchildrencantapupricherauntsand

neighbours.

Probingtherockpoolsofalocalbeachorpractising

Frenchonalanguageexchangecanfirechildren's

passions,boosttheirskillsandopentheireyestolife*s

possibilities.Educationaloutingshelpbrightbut

disadvantagedstudentstogetbetterscoresinA-level

tests.Inthisglobalisedagezthereisagoodcasefor

internationaltravel,andsomeparentssaytheycan

managethecostofaschooltripabroadmoreeasilythan

afamilyholiday.Eveninthefaceofimmenseand

mountingfinancialpressures,someschoolshaveshown

remarkabledeterminationandingenuityinensuringthat

alltheirpupilsareabletotakeupopportunitiesthatmay

betrulylife-changing.Theyshouldbeapplauded.

Methodssuchaswhole-schoolfundraising,withthe

proceeds（收益）pooled,canhelptoextendopportunities

andfuelcommunityspirit.

But3,000poundstripscannotbejustifiedwhenthe

averageincomeforfamilieswithchildrenisjustover

30,000pounds.Suchinitiativesclosedoorsformany

pupils.Someparentspulltheirchildrenoutofschool

becauseofexpensivefieldtrips.Evenparentswhocan

seethatatripislittlemorethanapartyorcelebration

maywellfeelguiltthattheirchildisleftbehind.

TheDepartmentforEducation'sguidancesays

schoolscanchargeonlyforboardandlodgingifthetripis

partofthesyllabus,andthatstudentsreceiving

governmentaidareexemptfromthesecosts.However,

manyschoolsseemtoignoretheadvice;anditdoesnot

coverthekindofglamorous,exotictrips,whichare

becomingincreasinglycommon.Schoolscannotbe

expectedtobringtogethercommunitiessingle-handed.

Buttheleastweshouldexpectisthattheydonotfoster

divisionsandexcludethosewhoarealready

disadvantaged.

46.Whatdoestheauthorsaybestschoolsshoulddo?

A)Preparestudentstobothchallengeandchange

thedividedunequalsociety.

B)Protectstudentsfromsocialpressuresandenable

themtofacetheworld.

C)Motivatestudentstodeveloptheirphysicalaswell

asintellectualabilities.

D)Encouragestudentstobeambitiousandhelp

themtoachievetheirgoals.

47.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutschoolfield

trips?

A)Theyenablestudentsfromdifferentbackgrounds

tomixwitheachother.

B)Theywidenthegapbetweenprivilegedand

disadvantagedstudents.

C)Theygivethedisadvantagedstudentsachanceto

seetheworld.

D)Theyonlybenefitstudentswithrichrelativesand

neighbours.

48.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestcanhelpbuild

communityspirit?

A)Eventsaimingtoimprovecommunityservices.

B)Activitiesthathelptofuelstudents'ingenuity.

C)Eventsthatrequiremutualunderstanding,

D)Activitiesinvolvingallstudentsoncampus.

49.Whatdowelearnaboutlow-incomeparents

regardingschoolfieldtrips?

A)Theywanttheirchildrentoparticipateeven

thoughtheydon'tseemuchbenefit.

B)Theydon'twanttheirkidstoparticipatebutfindit

hardtokeepthemfromgoing.

C)Theydon'twanttheirkidstomissanychanceto

broadentheirhorizonsdespitethecost.

D)Theywanttheirchildrentoexperienceadventures

buttheydon'twantthemtorunrisks.

50.Whatistheauthor'sexpectationofschools?

A)Bringingacommunitytogetherwithingenuity.

B)Resolvingtheexistingdiscrepanciesinsociety.

C)Avoidingcreatingnewgapsamongstudents.

D)Givingpoorstudentspreferentialtreatment.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowing

passage.

Risingtemperaturesandoverfishinginthe

pristine(未受;虧染的)watersaroundtheAntarcticcould

seekingpenguinpopulationspushedtothebrinkof

extinctionbytheendofthecentury,accordingtoanew

study.Thestudy'sreportstatesthatasglobalwarming

transformstheenvironmentintheworld'slastgreat

wilderness,70percentofkingpenguinscouldeither

disappearorbeforcedtofindnewbreedinggrounds.

Co-authorCelineLeBohec,fromtheUniversityof

StrasbourginFrance,warned:"Ifthere'renoactions

aimedathaltingorcontrollingglobalwarming,andthe

paceofthecurrenthuman-inducedchangessuchas

climatechangeandoverfishingstaysthesame,the

speciesmaysoondisappear."Thefindingscomeamid

growingconcernoverthefutureoftheAntarctic.Earlier

thismonthaseparatestudyfoundthatacombinationof

climatechangeandindustrialfishingisthreateningthe

krill（磷蝦）populationinAntarcticwaters,witha

potentiallydisastrousimpactonwhales,sealsand

penguins.Buttoday'sreportisthestarkestwarmingyet

ofthepotentiallydevastatingimpactofclimatechange

andhumanexploitationontheAntarctic'sdelicate

ecosystems.

LeBohecsaid:"Unlesscurrentgreenhousegas

emissionsdrop,70percentofkingpenguins--1.1

millionbreedingpairs--willbeforcedtorelocatetheir

breedinggrounds,orfaceextinctionby2100,"King

penguinsarethesecond-largesttypeofpenguinandonly

breedonspecificisolatedislandsintheSouthernOcean

wherethereisnoicecoverandeasyaccesstothesea.As

theoceanwarms,abodyofwatercalledtheAntarctic

PolarFront--anupwardmovementofnutrient-richsea

thatsupportsahugeabundanceofmarinelife--isbeing

pushedfurthersouth.Thismeansthatkingpenguins,

whichfeedonfishandkillinthisbodyofwater,haveto

travelfurthertotheirfeedinggrounds,leavingtheir

hungrychicksforlonger.Andasthedistancebetween

theirbreeding,groundsandtheirfoolprows,entire

coloniescouldbewipedout.

LeBohecsaid:"Theplightofthekingpenguinshould

serveasawarmingaboutthefutureoftheentiremarine

environmentintheAntarctic.Penguins,likeother

seabirdsandmarinemammals,occupyhigherlevelsin

thefoodchainandtheyarewhatwecallbio-indicatorsof

theirecosystems,"Penguinsaresensitiveindicatorsof

changesinmarineecosystems.Assuch,theyarekey

speciesforunderstandingandpredictingimpactsof

globalchangeonAntarcticandsub-Antarcticmarine

ecosystems.Thereportfoundthatalthoughsomeking

penguinsmaybeabletorelocatetonewbreeding

groundsclosertotheirretreatingfoodsource,suitable

newhabitatswouldbescarce.Onlyahandfulofislan