2025屆中考英語復(fù)習(xí)課件（外研版廣西專用）11-二、句法-專題十 主從復(fù)合句

第二部分

語法知識(shí)精講練二、句法專題十

主從復(fù)合句考點(diǎn)1

賓語從句（單項(xiàng)選擇：6年5考）

在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語的從句叫作賓語從句。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語、謂語、賓語從句（引導(dǎo)詞+從句），針對(duì)賓語從句，考生需掌握賓語從句的三要素：引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時(shí)態(tài)。?賓語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)?賓語從句的三要素三要素引導(dǎo)詞/用法例句引導(dǎo)詞that，在從句中無意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，在口語中?？墒÷訧

believe

（that）

you

will

succeed.三要素引導(dǎo)詞/用法例句引導(dǎo)詞what（什么），which（哪一個(gè)），who（誰，作主語或賓語），whom（誰，作賓語），whose（誰的,作定語）等連接代詞，在從句中作成分，如主語、賓語、定語等Lisa

wonders

what

she

should

do

next.Do

you

know

whose

coat

it

is？續(xù)表三要素引導(dǎo)詞/用法例句引導(dǎo)詞where（哪里），when（何時(shí)），why（為什么），how（如何）等連接副詞，在從句中作狀語Jessie

hasn’t

decided

when

she

will

leave

for

Paris.續(xù)表三要素引導(dǎo)詞/用法例句引導(dǎo)詞if/whether（是否），不作句子成分，但不能省略I

don’t

know

if/whether

my

sister

will

come

to

the

party.續(xù)表三要素引導(dǎo)詞/用法例句語序陳述句語序：主語+謂語+其他I

wonder

how

Jim

came

to

school

this

morning.時(shí)態(tài)主句：現(xiàn)在的某種時(shí)態(tài)從句：根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)I

remember

Linda

came

here

two

days

ago.續(xù)表三要素引導(dǎo)詞/用法例句時(shí)態(tài)主句：過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)從句：過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)John

told

me

he

had

finished

his

homework.從句若為客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)象等，不管主句使用什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Our

geography

teacher

told

us

that

the

earth

travels

around

the

sun.續(xù)表1.否定前移：當(dāng)主句的主語為第一人稱，謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且為think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等動(dòng)詞時(shí),賓語從句中表示否定意義的not應(yīng)移到這些詞之前。如：I

don’t

think

the

answer

is

correct.2.語序：當(dāng)what，who，which在賓語從句中作主語時(shí),該句型語序不變。如:I

don’t

know

what’s

wrong/the

matter/the

trouble

with

him.3.it作形式賓語：如果復(fù)合句中賓語從句很長，可以用it作形式賓語,以免句子頭重腳輕。如：This

boss

has

made

it

clear

that

he

will

try

his

best

to

help

those

poor

students.4.whether與if表“是否”時(shí)的用法區(qū)分：若引導(dǎo)詞表示“是否”，賓語從句在介詞之后或賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞后直接接or

not時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用whether,不能用if。如：I

can’t

decide

whether

or

not

I

will

go

to

your

birthday

party.1.（2024廣西40題）—Could

you

please

tell

me

________?—In

my

hometown.(

)

BA.

how

you

usually

go

to

schoolB.

where

you

usually

spend

your

holidayC.

when

you

usually

have

breakfast

at

school2.（2023廣西40題）—Excuse

me，could

you

tell

me

________?—At

7

o’clock

in

the

evening.(

)

AA.

when

the

concert

will

startB.

where

we

can

buy

concert

ticketsC.

who

will

sing

songs

at

the

concert3.（2022北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)40題）—Excuse

me，could

you

tell

me

________?—Sure.

Walk

along

the

street

for

about

10

minutes.

You

will

see

it

on

your

right.(

)

BA.

when

the

Science

Museum

is

openB.

how

I

can

get

to

the

Science

MuseumC.

how

old

the

Science

Museum

is4.（2021北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)40題改編）—Do

you

know

________?—Yes.

On

May

15th，2021.(

)

BA.

why

Tianwen

1

was

sent

into

spaceB.

when

Tianwen

1

landed

on

the

red

planetC.

how

long

Tianwen

1

has

worked

there5.（2024東營改編）—Do

you

know

________?—20-30

minutes，the

experts

suggest.(

)

CA.

where

we

should

eat

a

mealB.

why

we

should

not

eat

a

meal

too

quicklyC.

how

long

we

should

spend

eating

a

meal6.（2024齊齊哈爾改編）—I

wonder

________.—I’m

not

sure.

Let’s

ask

Miss

Li

for

help.(

)

AA.

which

subject

we

should

chooseB.

when

we

would

leave

the

partyC.

that

Bob

went

to

the

library

just

now7.（2024云南改編）—Can

you

tell

me

________?—Sure.

I

usually

give

some

books

to

a

village

library.(

)

CA.

when

is

World

Book

DayB.

what

is

World

Book

DayC.

how

you

celebrate

World

Book

Day8.（2024柳州三模）—Amy，do

you

know

________?—Yes.

It’s

on

Thursday.(

)

AA.

when

we’ll

have

a

parents’

meetingB.

where

we’ll

have

a

parents’

meetingC.

who

will

take

part

in

the

parents’

meeting9.—I

wonder

________.—Someone

who

can

make

me

a

better

person.(

)

BA.

how

you

often

meet

your

friendsB.

who

you

want

to

make

friends

withC.

what

you

usually

do

with

your

friends10.—I’m

still

not

sure

________.—Why

not?

No

one

is

better

than

you

in

our

class.(

)

CA.

when

I

can

enter

the

competitionB.

how

I

can

prepare

for

the

competitionC.

whether

I

should

take

part

in

the

competition11.—I’m

new

here.

Could

you

tell

me

________?—Certainly.

The

NO.

20

bus

will

take

you

there.(

)

CA.

how

far

is

the

parkB.

when

the

park

opensC.

which

is

the

way

to

the

park12.—Could

you

tell

us

________

we

can

start

a

conversation

with

a

foreigner?—Talking

about

the

weather

is

a

good

choice.(

)

AA.

how

B.

whether

C.

why13.（2024揚(yáng)州改編）Teenagers

don’t

always

understand

________

their

parents

have

so

many

rules.(

)

AA.

why

B.

which

C.

where14.I

wonder

________

June

is

a

good

time

to

visit

Hong

Kong.(

)

CA.

when

B.

what

C.

if15.（2024自貢）My

teacher

told

us

that

May

18th

________

the

International

Museum

Day.(

)

AA.

is

B.

was

C.

be考點(diǎn)2

狀語從句（完形填空：6年2考；選詞填空：6年2考）

在復(fù)合句中，起狀語作用的從句叫作狀語從句?？忌枳⒁鉅钫Z從句的引導(dǎo)詞及時(shí)態(tài)。?常見狀語從句及其從屬連詞（詞組）類型從屬連詞（詞組）注意時(shí)間狀語從句when/as當(dāng)……時(shí)

while當(dāng)……時(shí)after在……之后before在……之前1.until和till通?？苫Q使用，但是till不用于句首，not…until/till意為“直到……才……”類型從屬連詞（詞組）注意時(shí)間狀語從句until/till直到……since

自從as

soon

as一……就……whenever

無論何時(shí)2.since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)特例：在“It

is/has

been+時(shí)間段+since從句”中，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)均可續(xù)表類型從屬連詞（詞組）注意條件狀語從句if如果

unless除非，如果不as

long

as只要once一旦需遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，即主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來續(xù)表類型從屬連詞（詞組）注意讓步狀語從句though/although盡管,雖然even

though/if即使

whatever無論什么wherever無論哪里whoever無論是誰1.although，though，even

though/if均不能和but連用，但是可以和yet或still連用2.whatever=no

matter

what；wherever=no

matter

where；whoever=no

matterwho續(xù)表類型從屬連詞（詞組）注意原因狀語從句because因?yàn)?/p>

as由于since既然because，since和as都不能和so連用續(xù)表類型從屬連詞（詞組）注意結(jié)果狀語從句so/such…that…

如此……以至于……so強(qiáng)調(diào)的是形容詞或副詞，such強(qiáng)調(diào)的是名詞,當(dāng)名詞前有many，much，few，little等詞時(shí)，只能用so…that…，不能用such…that…續(xù)表類型從屬連詞（詞組）注意目的狀語從句so

that以便in

order

that為了兩者可互換使用方式狀語從句as正如

as

if似乎/續(xù)表?狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)1.主將從現(xiàn)。在含有時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，若主句為一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。若復(fù)合句中含有以下連詞（詞組）引導(dǎo)的從句，常遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則：引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞（詞組）：when，as，while，after，before，until，as

soon

as等。如：I

will

tell

Jim

about

the

book

as

soon

as

he

comes

back.

吉姆一回來，我就告訴他關(guān)于這本書的事情。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的詞（詞組）：if，unless，as

long

as，in

case，once等。如：If

you

go

to

that

factory，you

will

know

how

paper

is

made.

如果你去那家工廠，你將會(huì)知道紙是怎么做成的。2.主完從過：若復(fù)合句含有since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：I

have

studied

in

this

school

since

I

came

to

this

city.

自從我來到了這個(gè)城市，我就在這所學(xué)校上學(xué)。3.主情從現(xiàn)：主句有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：You

can

make

progress

if

you

study

hard.

如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你會(huì)取得進(jìn)步。4.主祈從現(xiàn)：主句為祈使句，從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：

Tell

me

when

you

are

free.

你不忙的時(shí)候告訴我。一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.（2024福建）You

can

feel

better

________

you

take

a

walk

in

the

park

just

for

20

minutes.(

)

AA.

if

B.

before

C.

until2.（2024臨夏改編）Tom

didn’t

go

to

bed

________

his

mother

came

back

last

night.(

)

AA.

until

B.

if

C.

because3.We

should

try

to

do

it

well，________

there

are

a

lot

of

difficulties.(

)

CA.

in

order

that

B.

as

long

as

C.

even

though4.English

is

my

favorite

subject

________

it’s

very

interesting.(

)

CA.

though

B.

when

C.

as5.Mrs.

Green

put

her

daughter’s

photo

on

her

desk

________

she

can

see

her

every

day.(

)

BA.

as

soon

as

B.

so

that

C.

although6.On

my

way

home

there

was

________

a

heavy

rain

________

I

couldn’t

move

quickly

yesterday

afternoon.(

)

BA.

so;

that

B.

such;

that

C.

too;

to二、選詞填空基礎(chǔ)題whenever

before

since

unless

become

as1.We

need

to

take

action

to

save

every

drop

of

water

_______

it

is

too

late.2.Grandpa

Wang

lives

not

far

from

the

lake.___________he

is

free，he

goes

fishing

at

the

lake.3.It’s

about

two

years

since

the

young

man________a

soldier.beforeWheneverbecame4.You

can

never

know

what’s

possible

_______

you

try

to

make

it

happen.5.______you

can’t

work

out

the

problem，perhaps

you

need

to

ask

your

classmates

for

help.6.You’d

better

fix

the

machine____I

have

told

you.

Or

you

may

make

more

problems.unlessSinceaswhenever

before

since

unless

become

as考點(diǎn)3

定語從句

在復(fù)合句中作定語的從句叫定語從句，被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，先行詞通常位于定語從句之前。初中階段需要掌握由關(guān)系代詞that，which，who，whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句。?定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)?定語從句的關(guān)系詞及其用法關(guān)系詞可作成分先行詞例句that主語、賓語人、物I

love

movies

that

are

funny.（作主語）Everything

（that）

you

learn

becomes

part

of

you

and

changes

you.（作賓語）關(guān)系詞可作成分先行詞例句which主語、賓語物The

book

which

is

on

the

table

is

mine.（作主語）I’ll

never

forget

the

days

（which）

we

spent

together.（作賓語）who主語人I’d

like

to

congratulate

all

the

students

who

are

here

today.續(xù)表關(guān)系詞可作成分先行詞例句whom賓語人He’s

the

boy

（whom）

I

talked

with

just

now.續(xù)表關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)常可省略。?關(guān)系代詞指代物時(shí)，只能用that，不能用which的情況：1.先行詞為不定代詞anything，nothing，all，much，few，any，little等或the

one時(shí)。如：Is

there

anything

that

I

can

do

for

you?有什么我能為你效勞的嗎？2.先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：This

is

the

first

book

that

I

bought.這是我買的第一本書。3.先行詞被the

only，the

very，the

last等修飾時(shí)。如：The

only

thing

that

I

want

to

do

is

have

a

good

rest.我唯一想做的事就是好好休息。4.先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。如：The

film

star

and

her

film

that

you

just

talked

about

are

really

well-known.你們剛剛談到的那個(gè)影星和她的電影真的很出名。5.當(dāng)主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。如：Which

is

the

hotel

that

you

like

best?哪個(gè)是你最喜歡的旅館？1.（2024樂山改編）I’ll

never

forget

the

experiences

________

we

had

in

the

volunteer

work

last

summer.(

)

CA.

when

B.

who

C.

that2.I

like

the

movies

________

make

me

feel

happy

and

relaxed.(

)

BA.

what

B.

which

C.

who3.Mary

is

the

person

________

I

can

talk

to

when

I

feel

sad.

She

has

the

ability

to

cheer

me

up.(

)

BA.

which

B.

whom

C.

what4.The

woman

promised

she

would

do

everything

________

she

can

do

to

help

those

children.(

)

AA.

that

B.

which

C.

who5.—Do

you

know

the

scientist

________

discovered

radium?—Yes，Marie

Curie.(

)

BA.

which

B.

who

C.

whom溫馨提示

更多練習(xí)請(qǐng)完成分層進(jìn)階練習(xí)冊(cè)P85專項(xiàng)提升——分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)技巧（含長難句分析）知識(shí)必備

常見句子類型1.如果主從復(fù)合句里的從句是狀語從句，主句和從句需要用從屬連詞（詞組）連接【常見從屬連詞（詞組）用法見本冊(cè)P157】2.如果主從復(fù)合句里的從句是賓語從句、定語從句，主句和從句需要用關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞連接【賓語從句常見關(guān)系詞用法見P155；定語從句常見關(guān)系詞見P159】技巧一：去枝葉，留主干枝葉指句子中的修飾成分，如定語（形容詞）、狀語（副詞、介詞短語等），分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，應(yīng)略過這些成分，結(jié)合句子主干成分（主語、謂語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等）及語境判斷句子屬于六大句型中的哪一種。如：例：（2024廣西補(bǔ)全對(duì)話節(jié)選）We

have

got

a

lot

of

success

in

space

technology!【分析】a

lot

of是定語，修飾success；in

space

technology是狀語，均是修飾成分。主干句符合“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)。技巧二：找并列連詞（如and，so和but）并分析其并列的成分——針對(duì)含有并列成分的句子及并列復(fù)合句1.若句中有and并列相同成分（如主語、賓語、定語等），and并列的內(nèi)容可以作為整體考慮；除此之外，若主語相同，and還可以并列“謂語+賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：例：（2024廣西閱讀理解A節(jié)選）You

can

just

turn

on

the

radio

and

listen

to

different

kinds

of

music

for

fun.【分析】本句中，and并列兩個(gè)“謂語+賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)，劃線部分為主干成分，符合“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)。2.若and，but，or，so，for等連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，如：例：（2024廣西32題）

Jimmy

likes

reading，so

he

often

goes

to

the

bookstore

to

buy

some

books.【分析】本句是由so連接的并列復(fù)合句，前一分句主句符合“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)；后一分句主干成分為劃線部分，也符合“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)。技巧三：找從屬連詞或從屬連詞短語（如when，if，as

soon

as等）——針對(duì)狀語從句例：（2024廣西閱讀理解C節(jié)選）Betty’s

hard

work

paid

off

when

the

town’s

famous

director，Mr.

Johnson，watched

one

of

her

plays.【分析】本句中包含when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，劃直線部分為狀語從句的主干成分，符合“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)，Mr.

Johnson為director的同位語；劃波浪線部分為主句，符合“主+謂（不及物動(dòng)詞短語）”結(jié)構(gòu)。技巧四：找引導(dǎo)詞或關(guān)系詞（what，that，which等；that，which，who等），結(jié)合句意判斷句子是賓語從句還是定語從句例1：（2024廣西40題）Could

you

please

tell

me

where

you

usually

spend

your

holiday?【分析】根據(jù)句意可知本句包含where引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，本句符合“主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)，where引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作tell的直接賓語。劃直線部分為賓語從句的主干成分，引導(dǎo)詞where在從句中作狀語。例2：（2024廣西完形填空節(jié)選）Sometimes

we

go

to

places

that

we

can

only

reach

by

boat.【分析】根據(jù)句意可知本句包含that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞places。劃波浪線部分為主句，符合“主+謂（不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞）+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)；劃直線部分為定語從句，that是關(guān)系代詞,在定語從句中作reach的賓語，符合“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)。例3：（2024廣西閱讀理解C節(jié)選）She

encountered（遇見）

many

difficulties

which

taught

her

that

there’s

no

rose

without

a

thorn.【分析】劃波浪線部分為主句，符合“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)；劃直線部分為which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞difficulties，which是關(guān)系代詞，指代difficulties，在定語從句中作主語，定語從句符合“主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中，直接賓語是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。1.在賓語從句中，若關(guān)系詞僅起連接作用，常用that，可省略；2.在定語從句中，若關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語，可根據(jù)先行詞，用that，which或whom，關(guān)系代詞可省略。1.（2024廣西選詞填空節(jié)選）If

your

experiences

are

written

into

the

songs，your

life

will

be

more

fun.本句包含If引導(dǎo)的

__________

從句，時(shí)態(tài)遵循“__________”原則。條件狀語主將從現(xiàn)2.（2024廣西閱讀理解C節(jié)選）She

felt

like

a

wallflower

and

wondered

if

she

would

go

unnoticed

all

the

time._____

并列felt

like

a

wallflower和wondered

if…；if在本句中表示“______”，引導(dǎo)

__________。