2024秋高中英語(yǔ)Unit16StoriesPeriodSixGrammar學(xué)案北師大版選修6

PAGE1-Unit16StoriesPeriodSixGrammar單元語(yǔ)法(一)——過(guò)去完成時(shí)[語(yǔ)法圖解][語(yǔ)法感悟]單句語(yǔ)法填空1．ARomanwritercalledPlinywroteaboutaterriblevolcaniceruptionthathehad_witnessed(witness)asayoungman.2．By1748,theyhad_found(find)anawesomehistoricalsite.3．Hehad_worked(work)inthefactoryforfiveyearsbeforewemovedhere.4．Thefilmhad_begun(begin)whentheyarrivedatthecinema.5．Ihad_hoped(hope)tomeetyouattheairport,butIwascaughtinatrafficjam.6．Ihad_meant(mean)tocome,butitoccurredtomethatIhadsomeworktodo.7．Therewasaknockatthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeonehad_interrupted(interrupt)methatevening.一、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的基本構(gòu)成主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：had＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：had＋been＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞否定形式：had＋not＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞一般疑問(wèn)句：Had＋主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去分詞＋其他？二、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的基本用法1．表示在過(guò)去的某一動(dòng)作或時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)bythen(截止到那時(shí));bytheendof...(在……結(jié)束之前/末);bythetime...(表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的從句);uptillthen(直到那時(shí))等連用。Hehadfinishedtheworkbytheendoflastmonth.上個(gè)月底以前他就已經(jīng)完成了那項(xiàng)工作。Uptillthen,thishadn'tbeenmadepublic.到那個(gè)時(shí)候，這都沒(méi)有被公開(kāi)。2．表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻起先始終持續(xù)到另一過(guò)去時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與for＋一段時(shí)間，或since、when和before等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句連用。—DidAlanenjoyseeinghisoldfriendsyesterday?—Yes,hedid.Hehadn'tseenhisoldfriendsforalongtime.——昨天艾倫看到他的老摯友興奮嗎？——是的。他很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有看到他的老摯友了。3．表示愿望、準(zhǔn)備一類的詞，如hope,expect,mean,intend,want,think,suppose等，其過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。—Whydidn'tyoucometotheconcertlastnight?—Ihadmeantto,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.——你昨晚為什么不來(lái)參與音樂(lè)會(huì)？——我原來(lái)準(zhǔn)備去，但是我有一位不速之客。[即學(xué)即用1]單句語(yǔ)法填空1．BeforeIrealizedthatwhatIsaidatthemeetingdidhurthim,hehad_driven(drive)awaywithoutaword.2．Theyhad_meant(mean)toseemeoffatthestation,buttheycouldn'tgetthereintime.3．Bytheendoflastyearanothernewgymnasiumhad_been_completed(complete)inBeijing.4．Theroomshad_been_cleaned(clean)whenIcame.5．Hadhefinishedhishomeworkbythetimeyougotthere?三、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的特別用法1．if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去狀況相反，主句用would/could/might等＋havedone表示。Ifwehadcaughttheflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachnow.假如昨天我們趕上了航班的話，我們現(xiàn)在正在海灘上享受我們的假期呢。IfIhadleftalittleearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain.假如我早一點(diǎn)走，我就會(huì)趕上火車。2．過(guò)去完成時(shí)用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，除了用于if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句以外，在wish,asif/though,ifonly,wouldrathersb.haddonesth.結(jié)構(gòu)或從句中，常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。Wewishwehadstudiedhardwhenwewereyoung.我們都希望自己年輕時(shí)努力學(xué)習(xí)了。Theboytalkedaboutthefilmasif/thoughhehadseenithimself.那個(gè)男孩談?wù)撃遣侩娪熬拖袼约嚎催^(guò)一樣。Ifonlywehadsetoffearlier!要是我們?cè)缧﹦?dòng)身就好了！Themanagerwouldratherhehadnotletoutthesecret.經(jīng)理寧可他沒(méi)有泄露那個(gè)隱私。3．過(guò)去完成時(shí)在特別句式中的運(yùn)用。(1)在“hardly/scarcely/barely...when...”和“nosooner...than...”句型中，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，when和than從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示“剛……就……”。(2)在“This/That/Itwasthefirst/second/...time＋that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。(3)在“Itwas/hadbeen＋一段時(shí)間＋since從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，since從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Hardlyhadwestartedwhenitbegantorain.我們剛動(dòng)身，就起先下雨了。Hehadnosoonerlefttheroomthantheybegantotalkabouthim.他剛離開(kāi)房間，他們就爭(zhēng)論起他來(lái)了。Itwasthefirsttimethattheyhadhadapicnicandenjoyedthemselves.這是他們第一次野餐，他們玩得很開(kāi)心。Itwastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.我們十年沒(méi)這么興奮過(guò)了。[即學(xué)即用2]單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.2．Itwasthesecondtimethathehad_had(have)afierceargumentwithhisboss.3．Iftheyhad_tried(try)theirbestinthematch,theywouldhavewonit.四、過(guò)去完成時(shí)與易混時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)分1．過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)分。(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)；而過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另一動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。(2)兩者常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同，可以依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)推斷用一般過(guò)去時(shí)還是過(guò)去完成時(shí)；在沒(méi)有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作標(biāo)記時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來(lái)推斷：先發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.到昨天10點(diǎn)鐘時(shí)，他們已經(jīng)到達(dá)車站。Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.他們昨天10點(diǎn)鐘到達(dá)車站。Wewerehappyaswehadwonthefinalmatch.我們很興奮，因?yàn)槲覀冓A了決賽。[留意]當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用and或but連接時(shí)，按時(shí)間依次，只需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)；另外，在before,after,assoonas引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間的先后，因此也可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Weputawaythebooks,ranoutoftheclassroomandbeganplayinggames.我們把書收撿起來(lái)，跑出教室，起先做嬉戲。I(had)calledherbeforeIlefttheoffice.在離開(kāi)辦公室之前，我給她打了電話。2．過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)分。(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動(dòng)詞have(has)＋過(guò)去分詞”。(2)過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過(guò)去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，一般在與過(guò)去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)運(yùn)用。Shehadbeenillforaweekbeforeshecameback.她在回來(lái)之前就生病一個(gè)星期了。Shehasbeenillforaweeksinceshecameback.她自從回來(lái)已經(jīng)生病一個(gè)星期了。[即學(xué)即用3]單句語(yǔ)法填空1．He'salreadygonehome,butbeforeheleft,hehad_corrected(correct)allthemistakesinhispaper.2．Inordertopreventthefirespreading,someofthehousesnearbyhad_been_pulled(pull)downbeforethefiremenarrived.3．Hisbrotherisateachernow,butheworked(work)inacompanyfor3years.4．Hiscarelessnesscosthimnearlyallthemoneyhehad_saved(save)．5．Wefirstmetonatrainin2000.Webothfeltimmediatelythatwehad_known(know)eachotherforyears.單元語(yǔ)法(二)——have/getsth.done及have,get的其他用法[語(yǔ)法圖解][語(yǔ)法感悟]單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Ihadmyhaircut(cut)lastweek,butitlookshorrible.2．NextmonthI'mgoingtogetmybikerepaired(repair)．3．Ihadmypocketpicked(pick)onthesubway.4．Igotmyleginjured(injure)whileplayingfootball.5．Ishouldliketohaveyoumeet(meet)MrDavis.6．Canyougetusto_do(do)theexperiment?7．Iwon'thaveyousmoking(smoke)inthesittingroom.8．Letmetrynow;I'llgetthecarstarting(start)．一、have/getsth.done的含義及常用時(shí)態(tài)1．have/getsth.done可表達(dá)兩種含義：①使某事被做(可能是主語(yǔ)自己做也可能是讓別人做)；②遭受到不幸的事情，主語(yǔ)是受害者。2．have/getsth.done的各種常用時(shí)態(tài)如下表：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)have/getsth.done一般過(guò)去時(shí)had/gotsth.done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)behaving/gettingsth.done過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werehaving/gettingsth.done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)havehad/gotsth.done過(guò)去完成時(shí)hadhad/gotsth.done一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/begoingtohave/getsth.doneHehashadhishaircut.他請(qǐng)人給他理發(fā)了。Theprincessisgoingtohavehernewclothesmadebyayoungtailor.公主準(zhǔn)備讓一個(gè)年輕的裁縫給她做一套新衣服。Hehadhisleginjuredwhileplayingfootball.他在踢足球時(shí)腿受了傷。Thepoorgirlhad/gotherhandbagstolen.這個(gè)可憐的女孩被人偷了包。[即學(xué)即用1]單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Thegirlhadherpreciousmusicalinstrumentbroken(break)inthestormlastSunday.2．Iwillhavemyphonerepaired(repair)thisweekend.3．Don'tgooutonsuchahotday,oryou'llgetburnt(burn)．4．ThecomputerIhadrepaired(repair)yesterdaywentwrong.5．Thailandgotsomefamousbuildingsdestroyed(destroy)intheflood.二、have的其他用法1．havesth./sb.doing使某物或某人始終做某事2．havesb.dosth.使/讓某人做某事3．havesth.todo有某事要做Don'thavethewaterrunningallthetime.Turnitoff.不要讓水老是流個(gè)不停。把它關(guān)上。IwillhaveBobdeliverthespeechinplaceofyou.我會(huì)讓鮑勃代替你發(fā)言。IhavealotofworktodoeverytimeIhaveadayoff.每一次休假我都有大量的工作要做。[留意]havesb.doing若用于否定句中，則have有“容忍，容許”之意，相當(dāng)于tolerate/bear/stand/putupwith等。Wewon'thaveyoutalkingtomotherlikethat.我們不容許你那樣對(duì)媽媽說(shuō)話。三、get的其他用法1．getsb.todosth.使/讓某人做某事2．getsb./sth.doing使某人/物起先行動(dòng)起來(lái)做某事3．getsb.＋adj.使某人變得/處于某種狀態(tài)Ican'tgethimtostopsmoking.我無(wú)法讓他戒煙。Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardsthefrontafterashortrest.休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們起先朝前線接著行進(jìn)。Hisfailuregothisparentsverydisappointed.他的失敗使他的父母很悲觀。[即學(xué)即用2]單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Thefarmershadthetractorsworking(work)dayandnightattheharvesttime.2．Myfatheroftenhasmestudy(study)for10hoursaday.3．Thenovelisthadthevictimtalk(talk)aboutthevolcaniceruption.4．Whatashame!Ican'tgethimto_stop(stop)crying.5．Iwon'thaveyourunning(run)aroundinthehouse.Motherwillbeangry.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmoretime-consumingthanwehad_expected(expect)．2．Thetwins,whohad_finished(finish)theirhomework,wereallowedtoplaybadmintonontheplayground.3．Bythetimewearrived,everyonehad_received(receive)medicalcare.4．ThemanagerissaidtohavearrivedbackfromPariswherehehad_met(meet)someEuropeanbusinesspartners.5．Experimentsofthiskindhad_been_conducted(conduct)inboththeUSandEuropewellbeforethe