2024-2025學年高中英語Unit23Conflict單元語法二-表達完成的動詞形式學案含解析北師大版選修8

PAGEUnit23Conflict單元語法(二)——表達完成的動詞形式[語法圖解][語法感悟]單句語法填空1．Iexpectyouhave_been_working(work)hardforyourexams!2．AtleastbythetimeIgetbackIwill_have_read(read)thatawfullyboringbookthatmyhistoryteacherhas_made(make)mereadovertheholidays.3．IfIhad_realised(realise)itwasthatdangerousIwouldneverhavestoodsoclose!4．Hehad_been_standing(stand)thereforaminuteorsowhentherewasanoise.5．Hehas_seen(see)thefilmLettheBulletsFlytwice.一、謂語動詞的完成形式1．基本形式時態(tài)形式意義現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasdone表示動作起先于過去，并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或過去動作對現(xiàn)在造成了肯定的影響或后果過去完成時haddone表示過去某一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。它表示動作發(fā)生的時間是“過去的過去”將來完成時will/shallhavedone表示在將來某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作現(xiàn)在完成進行時have/hasbeendoing表示從過去某一時間起先始終持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，可能剛剛終止，也可能還要接著下去過去完成進行時hadbeendoing表示過去某一時間起先始終持續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)IhavevisitedmostofthecitiesinChinasincefiveyearsago.五年來我已游遍了中國的大多數(shù)城市。Annisverytired.Shehasbeenworkinghard.安很累，她始終努力工作。Theplayhadalreadystartedwhenwegottothetheatre.我們到劇場時戲已經(jīng)起先了。Theywillhavebeenmarriedfor20yearsbythen.到那時他們將已婚20年了。Nobodyknewwhattheyhadbeendoingalltheseyears.沒有人知道他們這些年都在干什么。2．值得留意的幾點：(1)現(xiàn)在完成時常見表達方式。①for＋時間段；since＋時間點TheyhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears.他們在北京住了五年了。TheyhavelivedinBeijingsince1995.自從1995年以來他們始終住在北京。②出現(xiàn)不確定的時間狀語：lately,recently,just,already,yet,uptonow,tillnow,sofar,thesedays等，常用現(xiàn)在完成時。Hasitstoppedrainingyet?雨已經(jīng)停了嗎？③表示“最近幾年/月/周/天以來……”等的時間狀語：inthepastfewyears/months/weeks/days;overthepastfewyears;duringthelastthreemonths;forthelastfewcenturies,throughcenturies;throughouthistory等，謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時。Owingtotheheavyraininthepastfewdays,floodshaveoccurredinsomepartsofthecountry.由于近幾日大雨，全國有些地方發(fā)生了洪水。④“Itis(was)the＋序數(shù)詞＋time＋that從句”，從句中用現(xiàn)在(或過去)完成時。Itwasthefirsttimethathehadseenhisworkinprint.這是他第一次望見自己的作品出版。(2)現(xiàn)在完成進行時是完成時和進行時的結(jié)合，它具備未完成性或特定的感情色調(diào)。Hehasbeensleepingalltheafternoon.他已睡了一下午了。(3)過去完成時必需以過去某一時刻為起點，即“過去的過去”，因此只有在和過去的某個動作相比較時才能用到。HehadpreparedwellbeforehesteppedontothestageofAvenueofStars.在走上《星光大道》的舞臺之前，他已做了充分的打算。[即學即用1]單句語法填空1．Inthelastfewyears,Chinahas_made(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.2．Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreementhas_been_reached(reach)sofarbythetwosides.3．Hehas_been_learning(learn)Englishfor8years,andhe'llkeeponit.4．Thefootballfanwasverytiredbecausehehad_been_watching(watch)theleaguematchthewholenight.5．Wewill_have_finished(finish)thejobtwodaysaheadoftimeifitdoesn'train.二、“情態(tài)動詞＋havedone”表示推想或責怪can(could),may(might),must,should(oughtto),need等有時接havedone對過去動作或狀態(tài)進行推想或責怪。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(should/oughttohavedone本該做某事而事實上沒做,musthavedone肯定做了某事,needn'thavedone本不必做某事而事實上做了,canhavedone可能做了某事多用于否定句和疑問句,couldhavedone可能做了某事；本能做某事而事實上,未做,mayhavedone可能做了某事,mighthavedone可能做了某事；本可能做某事而實際,上未做))Shecan'thavefinishedthework.她不行能做完了這個工作。Hemighthavearrivednow.現(xiàn)在他可能已經(jīng)到了。Sheshouldhavetoldmethenewsearlier.她本該早點告知我這個消息的。三、非謂語動詞的完成形式形式意義不定式tohavedone表示說話時，動作已經(jīng)完成tohavebeendoing表示在謂語動詞動作之前始終在持續(xù)進行的動作動詞-inghavingdone表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前的動作Youappeartohaveknownthematter.你似乎已經(jīng)知道這件事情了。SheissaidtohavebeenwritingthenovelaboutNewYorkforyears.據(jù)說多年來她始終在寫這本關(guān)于紐約的小說。Havingfoundahotel,welookedforsomewheretohavedinner.在找好旅館之后，我們就去找吃飯的地方了。Heapologizedtousforhavingbrokenhisword.他因為違反諾言而向我們致歉了。[即學即用2]單句語法填空1．Having_run(run)fortwomiles,boththemanandthehorsegaveout.2．Ihappenedto_have_driven(drive)thatkindofcarbefore.3．Heapologizedtousfornothaving_kept(keep)hispromise.4．Tomissaidtohave_been_working(work)inChinafor10years.5．Theroomisempty,wherecan/couldhehave_gone(go)?Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Georgecan'thave_gone(go)toofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.2．Having_noted(note)downournamesandaddresses,thepolicemandismissedme.3．I'mverysorrytohave_kept(keep)youwaitingforalongtime.4．IhavebeenlivingintheUnitedStatesfortwentyyears,butseldomhaveIfelt(feel)solonelyasnow.5．Bythetimeherealizeshehas_walked(walk)intoatrap,it'llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.6．Ifwedon'thurryup,thestorewill_have_been_closed(close)beforewegetthere.7．Having_been_told(tell)manytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistakeagain.8．ThisiswhatIhave_been_expecting(expect)sincemychildhood.9．Ihavebeenstudyinghereforfouryears.BynextsummerIshallhave_graduated(graduate)．10．John,whogotmarriedlastweek,spent$3,000morethanhehad_planned(plan)forthewedding.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Theyhave_been_fightingforindependencesincethe1960s.他們從20世紀60年頭以來始終在為獨立而斗爭。2．Atlasttheygotthelettertheyhad_been_expecting.最終他們收到了他們始終期盼的信。3．Beforelonghewill_have_forgottenallaboutthematter.不久他就會完全遺忘這件事的。4．I'msorryto_have_givenyousomuchtrouble.對不起，給你添了這么多麻煩。5．Irememberedhaving_givenitbackassoonasIgotho