考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀歷年真題

考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀歷年真題

考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀歷年真題1

Text3

Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobe

thatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.While

traditional“paid"media-suchastelevision

mercialsandprintadvertisements-stillplaya

majorrole,paniestodaycanexploitmany

alternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionate

aboutaproductmaycreate"owned”mediabysending

e-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomers

registeredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnow

approachthebroadrangeoffactorsbeyond

conventionalpaidmedia.

Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketers

promotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,

suchmarketersactastheinitiatorfor

users'responses.Butinsomecases,one

marketer,sownedmediabeeanothermarketer'spaid

media-forinstance,whenane-merceretailer

sellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsold

mediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthat

otherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-merce

engineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrend,which

webelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectively

beganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchas

airlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.

Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreated

BabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythat

promotesp1ementaryandevenpetitiveproducts.

Besidesgeneratingine,thepresenceofother

marketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,gives

paniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformation

abouttheappealofotherpanies,marketing,and

mayhelpexpandusertrafficforallpaniesconcerned.

Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathave

providedmarketerswithmore(andmorediverse)

municationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthat

passionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsin

quicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways,

Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearned

media：anassetorcampaignbeeshostageto

consumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswho

makenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.

Membersofsocialnetworks,forinstance,are

learningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressure

onthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.

Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtry

topersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthe

reputationofthetargetpanyatrisk.Insucha

case,thepany飛responsemaynotbesufficiently

quickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeen

steep.ToyotaMotor,forexample,alleviatedsome

ofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthis

yearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestrated

social-mediaresponsecampaign,whichincluded

effortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsites

suchasTwitterandthesocial-newssiteDigg.

31.Consumersmaycreate"earned“mediawhenthey

are

[A]obsessedwithonlineshoppingatcertainWeb

sites.

[B]inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssentto

them.

[C]eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequality

products.

[D]enthusiasticaboutremendingtheirfavorite

products.

32.AccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediafeature

[A]asafebusinessenvironment.

[B]randompetition.

[C]strongusertraffic.

[D]flexibilityinorganization.

33.TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3that

earnedmedia

[A]inviteconstantconflictswithpassionate

consumers.

[B]canbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsin

marketing.

[C]mayberesponsibleforfiercerpetition.

[D]deserveallthenegativemeritsaboutthem.

34.ToyotaMotor'sexperienceiscitedasan

exampleof

[A]respondingeffectivelytohijackedmedia.

[B]persuadingcustomersintoboycottingproducts.

[C]cooperatingwithsupportiveconsumers.

[D]takingadvantageofhijackedmedia.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthetextmainly

about?

[A]Alternativestoconventionalpaidmedia.

[B]Conflictbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.

[C]Dominanceofhijackedmedia*

[D]Popularityofownedmedia.

考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀歷年真題2

Text3

ThejournalScienceisaddinganextrasourceat

Peer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNott

announcedtoday.TheFollowssimilareffortsfrom

otherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthat

Mistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtothe

Publishedresearchfindings.

"Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusions

publishedinourjournal,^writesMcNuttinan

editorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatistical

Association,theJournalhasappointedsevenexperts

toastatisticsboardofreviewingManuscriptwillbe

flaggedupforadditionalscrutinybytheJournal1s

editors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewing

EditorsorbyoutsidepeerTheSBoREpanelwillthen

findexternalstatisticianstoreviewthese

Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelled

thechange,McNuttsaid,wThecreationof

the*statisticsboard1wasmotivatedbyconcerns

broadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddata

analysisinscientificresearchandispartof

Science1soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibility

intheresearchwepublish.H

GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianatthe

HarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberofthe

SBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto”play

primarilyonadvisoryrole."Heagreedtojoin

becausehewfoundtheforesightbehindthe

establishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueand

likelytohavealastingimpact.Thisimpactwillnot

onlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,

buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishing

placesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafter

Science."

Johnloannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearch

methodology,saysthatthepolicyisnamostwele

stepforward11and"longoverdue,nffMostjournalsare

weakinstatisticalreview,andthisdamagesthe

qualityofwhattheypublish.Ithinkthat,forthe

majorityofscientificpapersnowadays,statistical

reviewismoreessentialthanexpertreview,°hesays.

ButhenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnals

ofInternalMedicine,theJournaloftheAmerican

MedicalAssociationandTheLancetpaystrong

attentiontostatisticalreview.

Professionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhow

toanalyzedata,butstatisticalerrorsare

alarminglymoninpublishedresearch,accordingto

DavidVaux,acellbiologist.Researchersshould

improvetheirstandards,hewrotein20XX,but

journalsshouldalsotakeatougherline,"engaging

reviewerswhoarestatisticallyliterateandeditors

whocanverifytheprocess.wVauxsaysthatSciencers

ideatopasssomepaperstostatisticians"hassome

merit,butaweaknessisthatitreliesontheboard

ofreviewingeditorstoidentify1thepapersthatneed

scrutiny1inthefirstplace.w

31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphIthat

[A]Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-review

process.

[B]journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatistical

checks.

[C]fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindata

analysis.

[D]lackofdataanalysisismoninresearch

projects.

32.Thephrasewflaggedupn(Para.2)istheclosest

inmeaningto

[A]found.

[B]revised.

[C]marked

[D]stored

33.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthatthe

establishmentoftheSBoREmay

[A]poseathreattoallitspeers

[B]meetwithstrongopposition

[C]increaseScience1scirculation.

[D]setanexampleforotherjournals

34.DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoing

now

A.addstoresearchers1worklosd.

B.diminishestheroleofreviewers.

C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement.

D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleof

thetext?

A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsin

Papers

B.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect

C.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors1Desks

D.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience

考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀歷年真題3

Text3

Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthe

dealbetweenBritain1sNationalHealthService(NHS)

andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatboth

sidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleading

artificialintelligence(AI)paniesintheworld.The

potentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisvery

great,butitcouldalsoleadtofurther

concentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.ItIs

againstthatbackgroundthattheinformation

missioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedherdamning

verdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustunder

theNHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof

1.6millionpatientsIn20XXonthebasisofavague

agreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthe

patients1rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy.

DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthas

mendeditsways.Furtherarrangements-andtheremay

bemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbe

carefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessary

permissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandall

unnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.Therearelessons

aboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn.Butprivacy

isnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhe

mostimportant.MsDenhamchosetoconcentratethe

blameontheNHStrust,sinceunderexistinglawit

acontrolledwthedataandDeepMindmerely

“processed"it.Butthisdistinctionmissesthe

pointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,notthe

merepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.

Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromthe

analysisofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate.

Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoan

individualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.

Thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomyworks.

Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonly

whenitisparedwiththedataofcountlessmillions

more.

Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsin

thisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted.This

practicedoesnotaddresstherealworry.Itisnot

enoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelops

willbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmattersis

thattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhich

developedthemusingpublicresources.Ifsoftware

promisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,

bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhas

done.Wearestillatthebeginningofthis

revolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohave

giganticconsequenceslater.Alongstrugglewillbe

neededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism.Ms

Denham*sreportisawelestart.

31.WhaistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHS

andDeepMind?

[A]Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.

[B]Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient,s

rights.

[C]Itfellshortofthelatter1sexpectations

[D]Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.

32.TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham*sverdict

with

[A]emptypromises.

[B]toughresistance.

[C]necessaryadjustments.

[D]sincereapologies.

33.TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that

[A]privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatall

costs.

[B]leakingpatients1dataisworsethanselling

it.

[C]makingprofitsfrompatients1dataisillegal.

[D]thevalueofdataesfromtheprocessingofit

34.Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworry

arisingfromthisdealis

[A]theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.

[B]theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.

[C]theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.

[D]themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.

35.Theauthor1sattitudetowardtheapplicationof

AItohealthcareis

[A]ambiguous*

[B]cautious.

[C]appreciative.

[D]contemptuous.

考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀歷年真題4

Text3

TheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeis

indeedaninterestingexperiment,asAlexander

Polyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear,sawardin

March.Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.

AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,a

stringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershave

joinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.Many,like

theFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthe

telephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternet

entrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededin

theirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttouse

theirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohave

succeededinscience.

What'snottolike?Quitealot,accordingtoa

handfulofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.You

cannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggoes,andthese

upstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizesthe

prestigeoftheNobels,Thenewawardsarean

exerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,say

scientists.Theycoulddistorttheachievement-based

systemofpeer-review-ledresearch.Theycouldcement

thestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.Theydonot

fundpeer-reviewedresearch.Theyperpetuatethemyth

ofthelonegenius.

Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredas

thecriticism.Somewanttoshock,otherstodraw

peopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewho

havemadetheircareersinresearch.

AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesome

legitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes-both

newandold-aredistributed.TheBreakthroughPrize

inLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesan

unrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciences

include.ButtheNobelFoundation'slimitofthree

recipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbe

living,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborative

natureofmodernresearch-aswillbedemonstratedby

theinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitesto

acknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.The

Nobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetupbyavery

richindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodo

withhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,has

giventhemlegitimacy.

Asmuchassomescientistsmayplainaboutthenew

awards,twothingsseemclear.First,most

researcherswouldacceptsuchaprizeiftheywere

offeredone.Second,itissurelyagoodthingthat

themoneyandattentionetoscienceratherthango

elsewhere,Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthe

mechanism—thatisthecultureofresearch,after

all-butitistheprize-giversmoneytodowithas

theyplease.Itiswisetotakesuchgiftswith

gratitudeandgrace.

真題解析：

文章主題及背景知識(shí)：此篇閱讀的主題內(nèi)容為“基礎(chǔ)物理

學(xué)獎(jiǎng)”，如果對(duì)于這一背景信息有所了解，這篇文章便可輕

松看懂，做題更是十拿九穩(wěn)!與20XX年相比，20XX考研閱讀

文章同樣注重時(shí)效性，Text3便是反應(yīng)了20XX年3月份的一

次實(shí)時(shí)事件：基礎(chǔ)物理學(xué)基金會(huì)于3月20日晚在瑞士日內(nèi)瓦

揭曉了20XX年基礎(chǔ)物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)!所以20XX考研的同學(xué)們一定要

多多關(guān)注社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)話題，拓展視野，豐富自己的文化背景知

識(shí)，這樣才能取得事半功倍的效果！

文章講到的是關(guān)于和諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)一樣的獎(jiǎng)金豐厚的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)出

現(xiàn)，這些獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)就是由一些網(wǎng)絡(luò)的公司或者是一些新貴們他們

得出這樣大量的錢，當(dāng)然會(huì)遭出一些批評(píng)，這些獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)還是沒

法和諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)相比的，階級(jí)是沒法改變的，名望是沒法購(gòu)買

的。當(dāng)然這一系列的東西，在前三段當(dāng)中談到之后，到了最

后一段，作者表明他的觀點(diǎn)，縱然這些對(duì)科學(xué)家的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)在獎(jiǎng)

項(xiàng)上存在著一些瑕疵，存在著一些不合理的地方。但是對(duì)于

科學(xué)家來說，有人給你錢支持你的研究，終歸是好的。也就

是說從31到35題基本上沒有難題，也沒有可以去爭(zhēng)議的，

也是既所得的文章。

31.TheFundamentalPhysicalPrizeisseenas

[A]asymboloftheentrepreneurs,swealth.

[B]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrize.

[C]anexampleofbankers'investment.

[D]ahandsomerewardforresearchers.

答案：A為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的FundamentalPhysics

Prize可以定位到第一段，但除此之外就沒有其他細(xì)節(jié)提示信

息了，所以我們只能根據(jù)幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)去定位，分別根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中

的entrepreneurs、NobelPrize、investmentsr