2021-2022新教材高中英語(yǔ)Unit1CulturalHeritageDiscoveringUsefulStructures學(xué)案新人教版

DiscoveringUsefulStructures

限制性定語(yǔ)從句(3)觀察下列課文原句并回答問(wèn)題1.Thereesatimewhentheoldmustgivewaytothenew,anditisnotpossibletopreserveeverythingfromourpastaswemovetowardsthefuture.2.Waterfromthedamwouldlikelydamageanumberoftemplesanddestroyculturalrelicsthat(which)wereanimportantpartofEgypt’sculturalheritage.3.Afterlisteningtothescientistswho(that)hadstudiedtheproblem,andcitizenswho(that)livednearthedam,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelpin1959.4.Templesandotherculturalsitesweretakendownpiecebypiece,andthenmovedandputbacktogetheragaininaplacewheretheyweresafefromthewater.5.Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathtothefuturethat(which)didnotrunovertherelicsofthepast,buttheyhadalsolearntthatitwaspossibleforcountriestoworktogethertobuildabettertomorrow.【歸納填空】一、定語(yǔ)從句的概述定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞who;whom;whose;which;that;as關(guān)系副詞when;where;why*(2020·浙江高考)Eachplayhasathemeorcentralideawhichtheplaywrighthopestogetacrossthroughdialogueandaction.每一部劇都有一個(gè)劇作家希望通過(guò)對(duì)話和動(dòng)作傳達(dá)的主題或中心思想。*Thisisthewomanwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.這是一位名字被整個(gè)國(guó)家所熟知的女士。*(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Molaiwentlookingonhisownanddiscoveredanearbyislandwherehebegantoplanttrees.Molai自己去看了看,發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)附近可以栽樹(shù)的小島。先行詞與關(guān)系詞1.先行詞:被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。2.關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。3.關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用:(1)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句;(2)代替先行詞;(3)在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。4.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ);關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)法填空。(1)(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotwhereitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.(2)(2019·浙江高考)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloththat/whichgivesofflightinthedark.(3)(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Wearetheproductsofevolution(進(jìn)化),andnotjustevolutionthat(which)occurredbillionsofyearsago.(4)ThereasonwhyIlearnedtocookwasthatmymothercouldrestaftershefinishedherwork.(5)(2019·江蘇高考)Wehaveenteredintoanagewhendreamshavethebestchanceofingtrue.(6)(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Childrenwho(that)playwithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.二、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的判斷方法:用法依據(jù)根據(jù)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若是及物動(dòng)詞,后面若無(wú)賓語(yǔ),用關(guān)系代詞;若是不及物動(dòng)詞,則用關(guān)系副詞根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中作的成分把關(guān)系詞放進(jìn)定語(yǔ)從句中,若作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)用關(guān)系代詞;若作狀語(yǔ)用關(guān)系副詞*AnInternetcelebritybumpsintoanapplesellerwho/thatlookslikeacheateronherwaybackhome.(作主語(yǔ))一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)名人在回家的路上碰到了一個(gè)看起來(lái)像騙子的賣蘋(píng)果的人。*AclassislikeafamilywhereIshouldgetalongwellwithothers.(作狀語(yǔ))一個(gè)班級(jí)就像一個(gè)大家庭,在這個(gè)大家庭里我應(yīng)該與其他人好好相處。關(guān)系副詞when,where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句;而why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為“forwhich”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空(1)(2020·天津高考)Directedsoundisanewtechnologythat(which)allowspaniestousesoundinmuchthesamewayspotlightsareusedinthetheater.

(2)NextcamethemomentwhenIaskedthemtohaveatrythemselves.(3)(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Thevillagelaynearsomewetlandswhich(that)becamehissecondhome.

(4)(2020·天津高考)Theyhavetransformedthemselvesintoplaceswhereyoucandevelopyourloveofknowledge.(5)ThereasonwhyIcan’tgoisthatIhadafallyesterdayandinjuredmyfootbadly.(6)(2019·天津高考)Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.

三、介詞+關(guān)系代詞當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),我們通常用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom。先行詞指物時(shí),用which;先行詞指人時(shí),用whom。在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中,介詞的確定原則是:1.依據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞等所需要的某種習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定。*Shedevotesherselftohermonbutusefulwork,onwhichshespendsmorethan9hoursaday.她致力于這項(xiàng)普通但很有用的工作,每天花在這項(xiàng)工作上的時(shí)間超過(guò)9個(gè)小時(shí)。*Moreimportantly,thereareteachersonlinetowhomyoucanturnforhelp.更為重要的是,有一些你可以求助的在線老師。2.根據(jù)主句與從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系判斷介詞。*OnNewYear’sEve,wewillgooutsidetolightcrackersandfireworks,afterwhichwewillehometomakedumplings.在除夕夜,我們將到外面放煙花爆竹,之后我們回家包水餃。3.表示“整體和部分關(guān)系”,介詞常用of。與此同時(shí),在介詞of之前常用一些代詞或數(shù)詞:some,any,few,none,all,both,neither,most,each,百分?jǐn)?shù)等。*Thereare50studentsinourclass,allofwhomworkhardandbehavewell.我們班有50名學(xué)生,我們都學(xué)習(xí)很努力,并且表現(xiàn)很好。4.根據(jù)意思也可用復(fù)雜介詞,如bymeansof,asaresultof,infrontof,inthebackof等。*IamgoodatspokenEnglish,asaresultofwhichIcanmunicatewithforeignersfluently.我擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ),因此我能夠流利地和外國(guó)人交流。5.“the+名詞+of+which/whom/of+which/whom+the+名詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,可與“whose+名詞”替換。*We’veplannedtoholdanEnglishdramafestival,thethemeofwhich/ofwhichthethemeisLoveEnglish&LoveDrama.→We’veplannedtoholdanEnglishdramafestival,whosethemeisLoveEnglish&LoveDrama.我們計(jì)劃舉辦一個(gè)英語(yǔ)戲劇節(jié),它的主題是“愛(ài)英語(yǔ),愛(ài)戲劇”。在定語(yǔ)從句中,有一些含介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不可拆開(kāi)使用,如lookafter,lookfor等。Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.(正確)Thebabiesafterwhomthenursesarelookingareveryhealthy.(錯(cuò)誤)用適當(dāng)?shù)摹敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”填空。(1)ChinesemedicineispartofourChinesetraditionalculture,thevalueofwhichisgraduallyrecognizedbytheworld.

(2)YoushouldmakesomeChinesefriendswithwhomyoucanmunicatefrequently.

(3)Ithasbeenmyidealuniversity,forwhichIhavestudiedhardformanyyears.

(4)Thenwelookedaroundandfoundastick,withwhichwegotthekitedown.

(5)Iplantodomanythings,oneofwhichismakingatriptosomeplacesofinteresttogetherwithmygoodfriends.

四、定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的省略1.定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系詞通常省略。*Whoistheman(that/who/whom)youweretalkingto?剛才和你講話的人是誰(shuí)?2.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中用作表語(yǔ)時(shí),可以省略。Chinaisnotthecountry(that)itwas.中國(guó)已不是過(guò)去的中國(guó)了。3.先行詞是way,reason,time,place等,且它們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中分別作方式、原因、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其后定語(yǔ)從句的相應(yīng)關(guān)系詞that/inwhich,why/that,when,where等可以省略。*(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Afterawhile,sheapologizedfortheway(that/inwhich)shebehavedatthebeginning.過(guò)了一會(huì),她為自己剛開(kāi)始的行為道歉。*Thereason(why/that)hewantedtosellhishousewasthatheneededalotofmoneyforhisoperation.他想賣掉房子的原因是他的手術(shù)需要很多錢(qián)。4.由and,but,or等并列連詞連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的定語(yǔ)從句修飾同一個(gè)先行詞時(shí),第一個(gè)關(guān)系詞可以省略,但第二、三個(gè)一般不可以省略。*Thebook(which)youarereadingandwhichisreadbymanyyoungpeopleiswrittenbyMarkTwain.你正在讀的并且被許多年輕人讀的那本書(shū)是馬克·吐溫寫(xiě)的。Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.68Chineseculturalrelicsthat/whichhadbeentakentotheUKrecentlywerereturnedtotheirhomeland.2.ThenoneofthespecialistssaidtherewasnoreasonwhyIshouldstoptrainingandpeting.3.Iamoutgoingandactive,forwhichIthinkwecanbegoodfriends.4.Can’ttheyseethisistheonlyplacewheretheycansurvivethestorm?5.Weareallowedtogointothefieldstopickfruitandvegetables,withwhichwearetomakeourlunch.6.Wecanfindfriendstowhomwecantelloursecrets.7.Onlybychangingthewayinwhichwetreattheenvironmentcanwegetalongwellwithit.8.He’llneverforgetthedaywhenhewasadmittedtotheOlympicGamesforthefirsttime.9.Youmentionedlotsofplacesofinterestinmyhometown,mostofwhichI’veneverbeento.Ⅱ.用定語(yǔ)從句合并句子1.Doyouknowtheman?Themanspoketotheheadmasterjustnow.→Doyouknowthemanwho/thatspoketotheheadmasterjustnow?

2.Ihaveseenthefilm.They’retalkingaboutthefilm.→Ihaveseenthefilmthat/whichthey’retalkingabout.

3.Thedaycameatlast.Wehavebeenlookingforwardtotheday.→Thedaythat/whichwehavebeenlookingforwardtocameatlast.

4.Mygrandparentsliveinthebiggesthouse.Itismorethan100yearsold.→Mygrandparentsliveinthebiggesthousethatismorethan100yearsold.

5.Wesettleddowninasmallvillage.Infrontofthevillageranawindingriver.→Wesettleddowninasmallvillage,infrontof