新課標(biāo)2024高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題練習(xí)17閱讀理解4

PAGEPAGE1專題練習(xí)十七閱讀理解4A(2024·吉林省東北師范附中高三第三次模擬)AbooksellerinChongqinghasbeenleavingnovelsontrainsandatstationstoinspiremorecommuters(上下班來回的人)toread,afterseeingBritishactressEmmaWatsontakepartinasimilarprojectinLondon.AuthorandbookstoreownerJiangLin,29,randomlyplaced40worksalongthecity'slight-railsystemonSunday.Whoeverfindsabookcanreaditinpublicortakeithome,buttheyareencouragedtoleaveitagainonpublictransportationoncetheyhavefinishedwithit.Jiangsaid,“Iconsideredtheneedsofcommuters，”hesaid.“Ihopestrangerscanfeelcomfortedbythebooksandfeelconnectedwithotherreaders.”All40bookswerechosenfromJiang'sstore,Razor'sEdgeBookClub,whichheopenedinthesummer,andincludedfictionandnonfiction,withtopicsrangingfromartandsocialsciencestophilosophyandhistory.Jiang'sBooksontheChongqingLightRailprojectfollowsthesamemodelasBooksontheUnderground,whichwasstartedin2012andsees“bookfairies”leaveworksonLondonTubetrainsandatstations.Readersareencouragedtosharetheirviewsonthebooks.ItwasrevealedonNov.1thatWatson,whoisbest-knownfortheHarryPottermovieseries,isabookfairy.“AfterIreadthenewsaboutherleavingbooksontheLondonTube,IwassoinspiredthatIimmediatelydecidedtodosomethingovertheweekend，”Jiangsaid.However,hisdecisionwassospontaneousthathehadnotimetomakethestickersthatareusuallyplacedoneachbooktoidentifythemaspartoftheproject.Instead,heputanoteontheflypagetointroducetheconcept.Tohissurprise,oneofhisfriendswasamongthosewhofoundhisbooksandpostedapictureonWeChatMoments,asocialmediafunctionontheinstant-messagingapp.Jiangsaidmorethan20peoplehavesincecomeonboardandarenowworkingonamoredetailedthantospreadtheloveofreading.Althoughincreasingnumbersofpeoplereadondigitaldevices,bookshavenottotallygoneoutoffashion.JiangmentionedthattheyneededthesupportfromChonqingLightRailCo.toensurethebookstostaythereandalsohopedtheprojectcouldbewelcomedacrossthecountry.重慶的一個書商在地鐵上留下了40本書，希望能夠激勵人們多讀書。1．JiangLinleftbooksontrainsoratstationsinorderto________.A．raisemoneyforpoorreadersB．openanewbookstoreC．helpsellmorebooksD．a(chǎn)dvocatereadingbooks答案：D解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“AbooksellerinChongqinghasbeenleavingnovelsontrainsandatstationstoinspiremorecommuters(上下班來回的人)toread”可知，他把書放在地鐵和車站是為了激勵更多的人讀書，故選D。2．Jianggotinspiredtostarttheprojectby________.A．HarryPotter B．WeChatmomentsC．EmmaWatson D．Razor'sEdgeBookClub答案：C解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“afterseeingBritishactressEmmaWatsontakepartinasimilarprojectinLondon.”可知，他是看到EmmaWatson參與了一個類似的項目后才確定這樣做的，故選C。3．Theunderlinedword“spontaneous”isclosestinmeaningto________.A．unplanned B．unwiseC．firm D．thoughtful答案：A解析：詞義揣測題。依據(jù)下文的“hehadnotimetomakethestickers”可知，他沒有經(jīng)過細致的籌備，故選A。4．Jiang'sattitudetowardsthefutureoftheprojectcanbebestdescribedas________.A．positive B．doubtfulC．reserved D．worried答案：A解析：觀點看法題。依據(jù)最終一句“JiangmentionedthattheyneededthesupportfromChonqingLightRailCo.toensurethebookstostaythereandalsohopedtheprojectcouldbewelcomedacrossthecountry.”可知，他希望這個項目在全國都能受到歡迎，所以他的看法是很主動的，故選A。B(2024·湖南師大附中高三檢測)Anyonewithapassinginterestintheirhealthwillbeabletorattle_offafewofthemajorvitamins,andpossiblytakeaneducatedguessatwhattheydo.VitaminC,foundinorangesandotherfruitandvegetables,isimportantforwoundrepair.Andthemuch-talked-about‘sunshine’VitaminD,producedbytheskininresponsetoUVlight,isessentialforstrongbones.ButVitaminP?Itmightwellhaveyouscratchingyourhead.Andthat'snotsurprising:thetermwasfirstcoinedinthe1930stodescribeasmallgroupofcompoundsthatprovidepigment(自然色素)toplants,andwerebelievedtohavehealthbenefits.Fast-forwardalmostacenturyandthesecompoundsarenowbetterknownasflavonoids.Today,scientistshaveidentifiedbetween4,000and6,000differentkindsandwenowknowtheyareresponsibleformanyoftheflavorsandsmellsoffruitandvegetablesandalsothattheyprotectthemfrominvaderssuchaspestsandbacteria.Theyareequallyimportantnutrientsforthebody,helpingmaintainbonesandteeth,andfortheproductionoftheproteincollagen(膠原),whichprovidesstructuretobloodvessels,musclesandskin.Theyarealsosaidtohelpthebodydealwithsomeofthekeydriversofillness,includingoxidation(氧化),anaturalprocessbywhichthebody'scellsageandcanbecomedamagedanddefective(有缺陷的).Thatmeanstheycouldhelptoprotectagainstchronicdiseasesincludingcancerandheartdisease.本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了維生素P以及它對人體的作用。1．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“rattleoff”underlinedinParagraph1?A．Quicklysay. B．Quicklypass.C．Quicklyfind. D．Quicklytake.答案：A解析：詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第一段中“Anyonewithapassinginterestintheirhealthwillbeabletorattle_offafewofthemajorvitamins,andpossiblytakeaneducatedguessatwhattheydo.”任何對自己的健康稍有愛好的人都能快速地說出一些主要的維生素，并可能對他們的功能做出有依據(jù)的揣測。由此推知畫線詞的意思是“快速地說出”，故選A。2．WhatdoweknowaboutVitaminP?A．Wewouldscratchourheadifwetookit.B．Itwasmadeintoacoininthe1930s.C．Peopledidn'tthinkitbeneficialinthepast.D．Itreferstothecompoundsalsocalledflavonoids.答案：D解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段最終一句“Fast-forwardalmostacenturyandthesecompoundsarenowbetterknownasflavonoids.”可知，關(guān)于維生素P我們知道它指的是也叫類黃酮的化合物。故選D。3．HowmanyfunctionsofVitaminPforhumansarementioned?A．Four. B．Three.C．Two. D．One.答案：B解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段中“Theyareequallyimportantnutrientsforthebody,helpingmaintainbonesandteeth,andfortheproductionoftheproteincollagen(膠原),whichprovidesstructuretobloodvessels,musclesandskin.”和第五段第一句“Theyarealsosaidtohelpthebodydealwithsomeofthekeydriversofillness,includingoxidation(氧化)”，可知，維生素P對人體有3個作用。故選B。4．HowdoesVitaminPhelpslowtheagingprocess?A．Bydealingwithoxidation.B．Bymaintainingbones.C．Bystrengtheningmuscle.D．Byprotectingagainstchronicdiseases.答案：A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中“Theyarealsosaidtohelpthebodydealwithsomeofthekeydriversofillness,includingoxidation(氧化),anaturalprocessbywhichthebody'scellsageandcanbecomedamagedanddefective(有缺陷的)．”可知，維生素P通過處理氧化反應(yīng)幫助延緩蒼老過程。故選A。C(2024·長鐵一中高三第三次階段性測試)ForyearsIhavehadnoideawhatIhavebeendoingwithmylife.Iwasa30-year-oldlawyerinNewYork.Butbeingalawyerwasnevermydreamorgoalinlife.Ihonestlywantedtobeawriter.Ihaveagreatimaginationandwouldwriteamazingstoriesinmyhead.ButIalwaysknewthatbeingawriterwasneverpossibleformebecauseitwasabetterfinancialdecisiontostayalawyer.Recently,Icouldn'tfallasleepatmyusualtimeof10pmandwhenIdidfallasleepIhadthesamedreamoverandoveragain.ThedreamstartswithmeintheoceantryingtogoforaswimandI'msearchingforsomething,butIstarttodrownandhavenocontrolovermybody.ThenalightshinesthroughthewatersandwhenIlookupallIcanseeismyselfinabrightwhiteroomwritinganovel.ThenIhearavoicesayrepeatedly,“Nowisthetimetotrysomethingnew！”Itwasn'tjustadream;itwasmyopportunitytomakesomethinggoodoutofmylife.Thatafternoon,IquitmyjobatthelawfirmandI_couldn't_have_been_any_happier.Mylifestartedat30,andeverydaysincethatpointIhaven'tstoppedenjoyinglife.Istartedtowriteandhavebeenonthebest-sellerslistforthelasttwomonths.Thingshavedefinitelyturnedaround.Changeisagoodthing;itgivesusanopportunitytotakeachance.SomytwofavoritewordsIlivebyandsoshouldyouare“changeandchance”．這是一篇記敘文。作者敘述了自己鼓起志氣辭掉了律師的工作，投身于自己喜愛的寫作事業(yè)中來，并在該領(lǐng)域收獲頗豐，作者想告知我們變更帶來機遇。1．Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanknowthat________.A．theauthorisnow30yearsoldB．itisimpossiblefortheauthortobecomeawriterC．a(chǎn)lawyercanbelikelytoearnmorethanawriterD．theauthorpreferstobealawyerratherthanawriter答案：C解析：推理推斷題。由第一段“ButIalwaysknewthatbeingawriterwasneverpossibleformebecauseitwasabetterfinancialdecisiontostayalawyer.”但是我始終知道，做一名作家對我來說是不行能的，因為當(dāng)律師是一個更好的經(jīng)濟確定?？芍蓭熆赡鼙茸骷覓甑枚?。故C選項正確。2．Thesecondparagraphmainlytalksabouttheauthor's________.A．difficultyinsleepingatnightB．strongdesiretobecomeawriterC．wishtohaveaswiminthewatersD．terribleswimmingexperienceintheocean答案：B解析：推理推斷題。由其次段“Recently,Icouldn'tfallasleepatmyusualtimeof10pmandwhenIdidfallasleepIhadthesamedreamoverandoveragain....allIcanseeismyselfinabrightwhiteroomwritinganovel.ThenIhearavoicesayrepeatedly,‘Nowisthetimetotrysomethingnew！’”，最近，我在晚上10點的時候無法入睡，當(dāng)我睡著的時候，我一遍又一遍地做著同樣的夢?！铱吹降闹皇俏易约涸谝粋€光明的白色房間里寫小說。然后我聽到一個聲音重復(fù)地說：“現(xiàn)在是嘗試新東西的時候了！”可知，其次段主要講解并描述作者成為作家的劇烈愿望。故B選項正確。3．Theunderlinedpartinthe3rdparagraphprobablymeanstheauthor________.A．regrettedhavingquittedhisjobasalawyerB．wasunhappyaftergivinguphisjobasalawyerC．wasupsetbecausehehadtogiveuphisjobasalawyerD．wasprettyhappywhenhequittedhisjobasalawyer答案：B解析：詞義揣測題。由倒數(shù)其次段“Mylifestartedat30,andeverydaysincethatpointIhaven'tstoppedenjoyinglife.”我的生活從30歲起先，從那以后，我每天都在享受生活。可知，當(dāng)他辭去律師的工作時，他特別興奮。故D選項正確。4．Whatmightbethebesttitleofthetext?A．LawyerorWriter B．ChangeandChanceC．ChangeandRegret D．RiskorOpportunity答案：B解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。由末段“Changeisagoodthing;itgivesusanopportunitytotakeachance.SomytwofavoritewordsIlivebyandsoshouldyouare‘changeandchance’．”變更是一件好事；它給了我們一個機會去抓住機遇。所以我最喜愛的兩個詞就是“變更和機遇”可知，文章最好的標(biāo)題是“變更和機遇”。故B選項正確。D(2024·中原名校第三次質(zhì)檢)DogswerelivingascompanionstotheearlysettlersofNorthAmericaover10,000yearsago.TheoldestdomesticdogsintheAmericaswerethoughttobearound9,500yearsold.AngelaPerriofDurhamUniversity,UK,andhercolleagueshavecarriedoutfreshradiocarbondatingonthetwodogskeletonsthatgavethisdate,discoveredintheprehistoricKostersiteinIllinois,andfoundtheywereevenolder:around10,100yearsold.AthirddogfromanotherIllinoissitecalledStilwellIIwasolderstill，at10,190yearsold.ThatmakesittheoldestknowndomesticateddogintheAmericas.Theteamconcludedthatallthreedogsweredomesticatedastheirskeletonswerecompleteandunskinned,andsohadn'tbeenbutcheredforfood.Theyhadalsobeencarefullyburied,evidencetheywerevaluedbytheirowners.TheStilwellIIdog,whichprobablyresembledasmallEnglishsettler,wasunderwhatseemedtobethefloorofalivingarea.ItisunclearwhyittooksolongfortamedogstoarriveintheAmericas,giventhattheyweredomesticatedatleast14,000yearsagoinEurasia.Bythistime,peoplewerealreadymovingintoNorthAmericafromSiberia;thereisevidencesomereachedChile18,500yearsago.Geneticistshavefoundsignsofatleastthreewavesofmigrationoverthefollowingmillennia.Thereisnoevidencethatdomesticdogsaccompaniedthem.“Wedon'tknowifdogswerepartofthefirstwavesofimmigrationtotheAmericas”saysLucJanssensofGhentUniversityinBelgium.“Itcouldbeso,butnoarchaeologicalboneshaveyetbeenfound.”Itis“overwhelminglyprobable”thatsomeoftheearlysettlersdidbringdogstotheAmericas,buttheymaynothavehad“thetimeorthespiritualcompulsiontoburythem”，saysPatShipmanofPennsylvaniaStateUniversity.本文是一篇說明文。介紹了美洲最早的家犬。1．HowoldistheoldestknowndomesticdogintheAmericas?A．About9,500years. B．About10,100years.C．10,190years. D．18,500years.答案：C解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“AthirddogfromanotherIllinoissitecalledStilwellIIwasolderstill,at10,190yearsold.ThatmakesittheoldestknowndomesticateddogintheAmericas.”可知，美洲最古老的家犬有10190年。故選C。2．Theunderlinedword“butchered”inthefourthparagraphcouldbereplacedby________.A．killed B．boughtC．trained D．raised答案：A解析：詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第四段中“Theteamconcludedthatallthreedogsweredomesticatedastheirskeletonswerecompleteandunskinned,andsohadn'tbeenbutcheredforfood.Theyhadalsobeencarefullyburied,evidencetheywerevaluedbytheirowners.”探討小組得出的結(jié)論是，這三種狗都是被馴化的，因為它們的骨骼是完整的，沒有皮膚的，所以沒有被宰殺作為食物。他們也被細致地安葬了，證據(jù)表明他們是被主子重視的。關(guān)鍵詞buried，可知畫線詞的意思是“殺死”，故選A。3．WhatistheattitudetowardswhentamedogsarrivedintheAmericasinthelastthreeparagraphs?A．Undoubted. B．Unsure.C．Indifferent. D．Unconfident.答案：B解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第五段中“ItisunclearwhyittooksolongfortamedogstoarriveintheAmericas,giventhattheyweredomesticatedatleast14,000yearsagoinEurasia.”可知，對到達美洲的馴服的狗看法是不確定。故選B。4．Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?A．TheearliestdomesticdogintheAmericas.B．ThefirstdogarrivingintheAmericas.C．HowdogsweredomesticatedintheAmericas.D．WhentheoldestdogwasfoundintheAmericas.答案：A解析：主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段第一及其次段中的第一句可知，美洲有最早的家犬。故選A。E(2024·河南省鄭州市中學(xué)畢業(yè)年級第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)料)WhenIwasaboytherewerenosmartphones,andourtelevisiononlygotonechannelclearly.Still,Ineverfeltbored.Thefields,hillsandwoodlandsaroundmyhomeweretheperfectplaygroundwhoseadventureswereonlylimitedbymyimagination.Icanrememberoncehikingtonearbylakeandwalkingslowlyaroundit.AtthebackofitIwasamazedtofindanolddirtroadthatIhadneverseenbefore.Itwasfullofmuddytyretracksanddeepwoodsbordereditonbothsides,butexploringitstillseemedlikeafineadventure.Iwalkedonandonforwhatseemedlikehours.Iwassuremyguardianangelwaswhisperinginmyears“turnaroundandheadbackhome”，butIwasstubbornandwalkedon.TherewasstillneitheracarnorahouseinsightInoticedthatthesunwasstartingtogodownandIgrewscaredIdidn'twanttoenduptrappedonthisroad,andIwasworriedthatitwouldbedarkbeforeIcouldmakemywaybacktothelakeagain.Icontinuedtowalkonwithsomethinggrowinginsideofme.Myheartwaspoundingandmylegswereaching.IwasalmostintearswhenIsawsomethinginthedistance.ItwasahousethatIrecognized.Ijumpedupanddownandlaughedoutloud.Itwasstilloveramileaway,butmylegsfeltlikefeathersandIhurriedbacktomyhouseinnotime.Iwalkedinwithabigsmileonmyfacejustintimefordinner.ThenIendedmyadventurewithagoodnight'ssleep.Ioftenthoughtofthatexperiencerecently.Actually,inourlife,allroads,nomatterhowtheytwistandturn,canleadushomeagain.Theycanleadustoourhomesinourhearts.Mayyoualwayswalkyourpathwithlove!Mayyoualwayshelpyourfellowtravelersalongtheway!Andmayyourroadsalwaysleadyouhomeagain!全部的路都是回家的路。全部的路不管怎樣迂回曲折，最終都會引導(dǎo)著我們回家，有的是回到我們物質(zhì)層面的家，有的是回到我們心靈的家園。1．Whydidtheauthorhardlyfeelboredwhenhewasyoung?A．HecouldwatchTVallday.B．Hecouldhavefuninnature.C．Hehadmanyfriendstoplaywith.D．Heusedtoexploretheolddirtroad.答案：B解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段其次、三句“Still,Ineverfeltbored.Thefields,hillsandwoodlandsaroundmyhomeweretheperfectplaygroundwhoseadventureswereonlylimitedbymyimagination.”可知，小時候作者從大自然中找尋歡樂，所以從來不感到無聊。故選B。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“something”inParagraph3probablyreferto?A．Doubt. B．Hope.C．Fear. D．Courage.答案：C解析：詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第三段其次、三句“Myheartwaspoundingandmylegswereaching.IwasalmostintearswhenIsawsomethinginthedistance.”可知，作者內(nèi)心慢慢地恐驚起來。推知，畫線詞的意思是“膽怯 ，恐驚”，故選C。3．Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhewasexploringthedirtroad?A．Hewascontradictoryinmind.B．Hewasunconsciousofdangerahead.C．Hewasworriedtobetrappedinthewoods.D．Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedbyhisparents.答案：A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段最終兩句“AtthebackofitIwasamazedtofindanolddirtroadthatIhadneverseenbefore.Itwasfullofmuddytyretracksanddeepwoodsbordereditonbothsides,butexploringitstillseemedlikeafineadventure.”可知，探究這條泥土路好像是一種冒險，所以他心里是沖突的。依據(jù)句意可知選A。4．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A．EveryEffortIsWorthwhileB．AllRoadsLeadtoHomeC．BeDeterminedinYourLifeD．BeBravetoAdventure答案：B解析：主旨大意題。依據(jù)最終一段中“Ioftenthoughtofthatexperiencerecently.Actually,inourlife,allroads,nomatterhowtheytwistandturn,canleadushomeagain.Theycanleadustoourhomesinourhearts.”全部的路不管怎樣迂回曲折，最終都會引導(dǎo)著我們回家，有的是回到我們物質(zhì)層面的家，有的是回到我們心靈的家園?？芍?，全部的路都通向家。故選B。F(2024·江淮十校高三其次次聯(lián)考)Humanshaveuniquelyexpressivefaces.Welaugh,wecry,weturnredwithfeeling.Now,scientistsreportthatblue-and-yellowmacaws(金剛鸚鵡)mayjoinusinthisclubofemotions—atleast，whenitcomestoblushing.Parrotsareknownforbeingcleverandchatty.They'reevenskilledenoughtomaketheirowntoolsandoccasionallynosetheirwayintohumanmachineslikecars.Theircuriosityandcouragearewhatmakethemexcellentpets.Soit'snosurprisethattheyhavetheirownrangeofcommunicationtools.Onthewhole,birdsarenostrangerstoblushing.Manydifferentkindsofbirdshavebeenknowntoexhibitthisbehavior.Parrotownersoftennoticeitintheirpets.Themotivationsbehinditarestillamysterytoscientists,though.Tozeroinonwhymacawfacesblush，somescientistsledbyAlineBertinoftheUniversityofToursstudiedfivecaptiveblue-and-yellowmacawsastheyinteractedwitheachotherandtheirhumancaretakers.Theywereamazedtoseethathumanattentionseemedtomakethemacawsblush.Theblushingdieddownwhenthecaretakersignoredtheparrots.Facialexpressionscanbesignsofahuman'semotionalstate.Likewise,birdblushingcouldconveywell-being.It'snotquiteaso