新課標2025版高中英語Unit2CloningSectionⅡLearningaboutLanguage課時作業(yè)新人教版選修8

PAGEPAGE1SectionⅡLearningaboutLanguageⅠ.句型轉換1．Hehasn'tmadeuphismindwhetherhewillgothere.→Hehasn'tmadethedecisionwhetherhewillgothere.2．Inmanyparents'opinion,teenagersshouldn'tspendtoomuchtimeonline.→Manyparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn'tspendtoomuchtimeonline.3．Modernsciencehasprovedthatsmokingcanleadtomanydisease.→Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidencethatsmokingcanleadtomanydiseases.4．Sheworkshard.Thefactiswellknowntousall.→Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.5．Didhesuggestthatwestartourworkrightaway?→Didhemakeasuggestionthatwestartourworkrightaway?Ⅱ.補全句子1．Theywereallverymuchworriedaboutthefactthatyouwereill(你病了)．2．EarlyinthedaycamethenewsthatGermanydeclaredwaronthatcountry(德國對那國宣戰(zhàn))．3．Thequestionwhowilldothework(誰來做這個工作)requiresconsideration.4．Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontime(飛機按時起飛)madeeverybodyhappy.5．Hegaveaproposalthatwegetridofthebadhabits(我們應當摒棄不良習慣)．6．Thequestionwhetherhecanfinishtheworkwithintwodays(兩天內他是否能完成工作)remainsunknown.7．Mompromisedtobuymeanicegiftformybirthday,somethingbeyondmyimagination(一些超出我想象的東西)．8．Sheexpressedthehopethatshewouldwriteanovel(她會寫一本小說)someday.9．TheteacherhadnoideawhyJackwasabsent(杰克為什么缺席)．10．Heputforwardthequestionwherethemeetingwouldbeheld(在哪里實行會議)．Ⅲ.完形填空(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)It'sabout250milesfromthehillsofwest-centralIowatoEhlers'homeinMinnesota.Duringthelongtriphome，followingaweekendofhunting，Ehlers1.Caboutthesmalldoghehadseen2.Balongsidetheroad.Hehad3.Atocoax(哄)thedogtohimbut，frightened，ithad4.D.Backhome，Ehlerswastroubledbythat5.Cdog.So，fourdayslater，hecalledhisfriendGreg，andthetwodrove6.C.Afteralongandcareful7.D，Gregsaw，acrossafield，thedogmoving8.Aaway.Ehlerseventuallysucceededincoaxingtheanimaltohim.Nervousnessandfearwerereplacedwith9.B.Itjuststartedlicking(舔)Ehlers'face.Alocalfarmertoldthemthedogsoundedlikeone10.Baslostinthelocalpaper.Theadhada11.BnumberforatowninsouthernMichigan.Ehlers12.AthenumberofJeffandLisatotellthemhehad13.Ctheirdog.Jeffhad14.AinIowabeforeThanksgivingwithhisdog，Rosie，butthegunshotshadscaredthedogoff.Jeffsearched15.DforRosieinthenextfourdays.EhlersreturnedtoMinnesota，andthendrove100milestoMinneapolistoputRosieonaflighttoMichigan.“It'sgoodtoknowthere'sstillsomeoneouttherewho16.Aenoughtogotothatkindof17.B，”saysLisaofEhlers'rescue18.C.“Ifiguredwhoeverlostthedogwasprobablyjustas19.DtoitasIamtomydogs，”saysEhlers.“Ifithadbeenmydog，I'dhopethatsomebodywouldbe20.Dtogothatextramile.”文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了一位男士幫助素不相識的人找回丟失的狗的故事，體現了和諧的人際關系。1．A．read B．forgotC．thought D．heard解析：上下文語境題。依據空格前面的“Duringthelongtriphome,followingaweekendofhunting”可知，在漫長的回家旅途中，經過一個周末的狩獵，Ehlers正驅車回家。再依據后面的“thesmalldoghehadseen...frightened,ithad4”可知，他本想把他遇見的那條狗哄到身邊來，但是狗受到驚嚇跑了，因此他在回家的路上始終想著(think)那條狗。2．A．fighting B．tremblingC．eating D．sleeping解析：下文語境題。與后面的frightened呼應，此處表示那條狗正在路邊顫抖(tremble)。3．A．tried B．agreedC．promised D．regretted解析：下文語境題。結合后面的“tocoax(哄)thedogtohimbut,frightened,ithad4”可知，原來Ehlers試圖(try)把那條狗哄到身邊來，希望幫助它。但是卻沒有勝利，狗因為受到驚嚇跑掉了。agreetodosth.同意做某事；promisetodosth.許諾做某事；regrettodosth.很缺憾要去做某事。4．A．calmeddown B．stoodupC．rolledover D．runoff解析：上文語境題。but表示轉折，雖然Ehlers想把狗哄到身邊來，幫助它，但是狗由于膽怯 ，跑掉了(runoff)，此處也與下文的lost等呼應。calmdown安靜下來，鎮(zhèn)靜下來；standup站立；rollover翻轉。5．A．injured B．stolenC．lost D．rescued解析：上文語境題。依據上文的“but,frightened,ithadrunoff”可知，那條狗跑掉了，因此Ehlers被那條丟失的(lost)狗弄得不安。6．A．home B．pastC．back D．on解析：上文語境題。依據本段的第一句“Backhome,Ehlerswastroubledbythatlostdog.”可知，Ehlers回家了，但是他被那條丟失的狗弄得不安，所以，四天后，他叫上他的摯友Greg，開車回去(back)找尋那條狗。7．A．preparation B．explanationC．test D．search解析：上下文語境題。結合前面的“Afteralongandcareful”和后面的“Gregsaw,acrossafield,thedogmoving8away”可知，經過長時間的細致搜尋(search)，Greg望見了那條狗。preparation打算；explanation說明；test測試。8．A．cautiously B．casuallyC．skillfully D．angrily解析：上下文語境題。依據第一段最終一句中的“frightened”和下文的“nervousnessandfear”可知，那條狗受到驚嚇，感到驚慌擔心和恐驚，因此當Greg望見它的時候，它正當心謹慎地(cautiously)移動。casually隨意地；skillfully奇妙地，精致地；angrily生氣地。9．A．surprise B．joyC．hesitation D．anxiety解析：上下文語境題。依據空格前面的“nervousnessandfearwerereplaced(驚慌擔心和恐驚被取代了)”以及后面的“Itjuststartedlicking(舔)Ehlers'face.(它就起先舔Ehlers的臉)”可知，它的擔心和恐驚被歡樂(joy)取代。surprise驚異；hesitation遲疑；anxiety焦慮，憂慮。10．A．predicted B．advertisedC．believed D．recorded解析：下文語境題。結合后面的“aslostinthelocalpaper”及“thead”可知，一位當地的農場主告知他們這條狗似乎是在當地報紙上登了廣告的(advertise)丟失的狗。11．A．house B．phoneC．street D．car解析：下文語境題。依據后面的“numberforatowninsouthernMichigan”和“thenumberofJeffandLisa”以及生活常識可知，尋狗啟事上應當有電話(phone)號碼。12．A．called B．copiedC．counted D．remembered解析：下文語境題。依據后面的“thenumberofJeffandLisatotellthemhehad13theirdog”可知，Ehlers打電話(call)告知Jeff和Lisa，即狗的主子，他發(fā)覺了他們的狗。13．A．fed B．adoptedC．found D．cured解析：上文語境題。依據前面的“Ehlers12thenumberofJeffandLisatotellthem”并結合生活常識可知，Ehlers當然是打電話告知狗的主子，他發(fā)覺(find)了他們的狗。14．A．hunted B．skiedC．lived D．worked解析：下文語境題。依據后面的“inIowabeforeThanksgivingwithhisdog,Rosie，butthegunshotshadscaredthedogoff”可知，Jeff帶著他的狗Rosie在Iowa打獵(hunt)，但是槍聲把狗嚇跑了。15．A．onpurpose B．ontimeC．inturn D．invain解析：上下文語境題。結合上文Ehlers發(fā)覺了Rosie和本句“Jeffsearched15forRosieinthenextfourdays.”可知，Jeff找了四天，也沒有找到他的狗，即徒勞無功(invain)。onpurpose有意；ontime按時；inturn依次，輪番。16．A．cares B．seesC．suffers D．learns解析：上下文語境題。分析本句中的“saysLisaofEhlers'rescue”可知，這句是狗的女主子Lisa贊美Ehlers的話。她認為有人能夠關切(care)一條狗，真是一件好事。17．A．place B．troubleC．waste D．extreme解析：上下文語境題。結合上文Ehlers邀請摯友Greg幫助找尋那條狗，并且依據“EhlersreturnedtoMinnesota,andthendrove100milestoMinneapolistoputRosieonaflighttoMichigan.”可知，他還回到Minnesota，又開車100英里到了Minneapolis，在那里讓Rosie登上了飛往Michigan的航班，這都說明他為那條狗大費周折(trouble)。place地方；waste奢侈；extreme極端，極度。18．A．service B．planC．effort D．team解析：上文語境題。上文提及Ehlers邀請摯友Greg一同找尋那條狗，他還回到Minnesota，又驅車100英里到了Minneapolis，在那里讓Rosie登上了飛往Michigan的航班，這都說明Ehlers為了Rosie做出了許多努力(effort)。19．A．equal B．allergicC．grateful D．close解析：上文語境題。Ehlers認為無論是誰丟失了狗，都很可能像他對待自己的狗一樣親近(becloseto)它。20．A．suitable B．proudC．wise D．willing解析：上下文語境題。分析本句“Ifithadbeenmydog,I'dhopethatsomebodywouldbe20togothatextramile.”可知，Ehlers認為，假如他的狗走丟了，他希望有人情愿(willing)不怕麻煩地去幫助找尋他的狗。besuitabletodosth.適合做某事；beproudtodosth.做某事很驕傲；bewisetodosth.做某事是明智的。Ⅳ.閱讀理解A(2024·北京卷)Bytheendofthecentury，ifnotsooner，theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate，accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms，thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue，dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas，whilereducingitinotherspots，leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface，wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie，theyburycarboninthedeepocean，animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth，sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow，butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz，ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience，builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters，suchasthoseoftheArctic，awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton，andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging，”shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”Andwhydoesthatmatter？Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean，Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable，buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It'llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange，”Dutkiewiczsaid，“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。調查表明，由于氣候變暖，全球的海洋將會變得更藍、更綠。1.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout？BA．Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B．Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C．Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D．Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.解析：段落大意題。文章第一段點題：由于氣候變暖，全球的海洋將會變得更藍、更綠。其次段介紹由于光從生物體反射的方式，這些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五彩繽紛的圖案；氣候變更又使得這些浮游植物在某些區(qū)域加速生長而在其他地方有所削減，導致海洋表面的顏色變更。由此可知前兩段講了海洋顏色變更的緣由，故B項正確。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean？AA．Sensitive. B．Beneficial.C．Significant. D．Unnoticeable.解析：詞義揣測題。后一句提到，氣候變暖變更了海洋的主要特點并能影響浮游植物的生長，因為它們要生長不僅僅須要陽光和二氧化碳，也須要養(yǎng)分。由此可知，這些浮游植物對海洋變暖很敏感，故A項正確。3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？DA．Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B．Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C．Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D．Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.解析：推理推斷題。文章倒數其次段提到這些浮游植物是海洋食物鏈的基礎，假如某些種類的浮游植物消逝了，會影響能存活的魚的類型，從而影響海洋食物鏈，所以A項“浮游植物在海洋生態(tài)中所起的作用越來越小?！笔遣粚Φ?；Dutkiewicz的模型不是用來推斷浮游植物的變更的，而是推斷海洋的變更的，解除B項；浮游植物不是用來限制全球氣候的，解除C項。由文章第四段信息“Butinsomewaters，suchasthoseoftheArctic，awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton，andtheseareaswillturngreener.”可知浮游植物多的區(qū)域海水會變得更綠，故D項正確。4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage？CA．Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B．Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C．Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D．Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.解析：主旨大意題。文章主要論述了隨著氣候變暖，全球的海洋將會變得更藍、更綠，即氣候變更對海洋有影響，故C項正確。BScientistsinArgentinahavecreatedtheworld'sfirstcowtoowntwohumangenesthatwillenableittoproducehuman-likemilk,whichismatchlessuptonow.Itisabreakthroughintheareaofclone.Geneticengineeringwasusedtointroducethe“mothers'milk”genesintotheanimalbeforebirth,accordingtotheNationalInstituteofAgribusinessTechnologyinBuenosAires.Asanadult,theclonedcow“willproducemilkthatissimilartothatofhumans”，whichwillprove“adevelopmentofgreatimportanceforthenutritionofinfants”，asitissaidinastatement.“Theclonedcow,namedRositaISA,isthefirstonebornintheworldthatownstwohumangenesthatcontaintheproteinspresentinhumanmilk，”thestatementsaid.InApril,scientistsinChinapublisheddetailsofresearchshowingthattheyhadcreatedGMHolsteindairycowswhichproducedmilkcontainingproteinsfoundinhumanbreastmilk.ButtheArgentineteamsaystheChineseonlyintroducedonehumangene,whereastheirresearchinvolvedtwogenes,meaningthemilkwillmorecloselyresemblethatofhumans.RositaISAwasbornonApril6andwasdeliveredbyCaesareansectionbecausesheweighedaround100pounds,roughlytwicethenormalweightofJerseycows.AdrianMutto,fromtheNationalUniversityofSanMartinsaid,“Ourgoalwastoraisethenutritionalvalueofcows'milkbyaddingtwohumangenes,theproteinlactoferrinandlysozyme，whichcanprovidenewly-bornbabieswithanti-bacterialandanti-viral(抗病毒)protection.”CristinaKirchner,PresidentofArgentina,saidthatthescientificinstitute“makesallArgentinesproud”．Shealsorevealedthatshehadrejectedthe“honor”ofhavingthecownamedafterher.“TheycametotellmethatthenameisCristina,butwhatwomanwouldliketohaveacownamedafterher?ItappearedtometobemoreappropriatetocallitRosita.”文章大意：文章介紹了阿根廷科學家通過添加人類基因的方式培育出了能生產“類人乳”的牛。這是基因工程的一項突破。5.WhatcanweknowaboutRositaISAaccordingtothepassage？AA．Itsmilkhaslargernutritionalvaluethanothers'.B．Itisthefirstcowwithahumangene.C．ItisasheavyasJerseycows.D．Itsmilkhasthesameproteinsashumanbreastmilk.解析：推理推斷題。依據文章第一段第一句“...theworld'sfirstcowtoowntwohumangenes...”可知，B項中的ahumangene錯誤；依據第七段“...twicethenormalweightofJerseycows.”可知C項錯誤；依據第六段“...themilkwillmorecloselyresemblethatofhumans.”可知，這種奶只是與母乳相像，故D項錯誤；依據第四段可知，該克隆牛所產牛奶和母乳相像，而且依據倒數其次段可知，它所產的奶在供應嬰兒所需的養(yǎng)分方面有重大的進步。故選A項。6.LactoferrinandlysozymeinmilkD.A．canoffermoreproteinsincowmilkB．helpprovidemoremilkfromcowC．canincreasetheproductionofmilkD．aregoodforbabies'health解析：推理推斷題。依據文章倒數其次段中的“...theproteinlactoferrinandlysozyme，whichcanprovidenewly-bornbabieswithanti-bacterialandanti-viral(抗病毒)protection.”可知，牛奶中的乳鐵蛋白(lactoferrin)和溶菌酶(lysozyme)可以為嬰兒供應抗菌和抗病毒的愛護，對嬰兒的健康有好處。故選D項。7.WecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatC.A．itishardtonamethecowB．thepresidentwantsthecownamedafterherC．honorableasitis,nowomenlikethecownamedafterthemD．CristinaKirchnerobjectstocreatingtheclonedcow解析：推理推斷題。依據文章最終一段第三句“...butwhatwomanwouldliketohaveacownamedafterher？”可知，該反問句表示確定意義，表示沒有一個女人情愿一頭牛跟自己姓。故選C項。8.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage？BA．ScientistsinArgentinaCouldProduceHumanMilkB．ScientistsCreateaCowThatProduces“Human”MilkC．TheClonedCowWouldBringAboutBenefitsD．HowWastheClonedCowBorn?解析：標題歸納題。文章第一段第一句提出“ScientistsinArgentinahavecreatedtheworld'sfirstcowtoowntwohumangenesthatwillenableittoproducehuman-likemilk，whichismatchlessuptonow.”，下文圍繞該主題進行闡述。由此可知，本文主題是科學家培育出了一頭能生產“類人乳”的牛。故選B項。Ⅴ.短文改錯假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號(∧)，并在此符號下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改：在錯詞下面畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。留意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.Oneaft