高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)作業(yè)三十九選修8Unit4Pygmalion課件新人教版

三十九選修8

Unit4

Pygmalion(限時(shí)35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2021·合肥模擬)

MostofBangladeshisatorbelowsealevel.Risingseawaterlinkedtoclimatechangehasseverelyaffectedthecountry.Highwaterfromstormsincoastalareasalsoaddssalttosoil.Thelandisbecomingsalty.Cropsarelessproductiveandmanyareasofcroplandinthecountryarebecomingunfitforfarming.Thesearebigproblemsforthesmallcountry.Morethan155millionpeopleliveinBangladesh.GrowingcropsisthemostcommonwayBangladeshissupportthemselves.

Tofindawayout,farmersinthecountryarelearningtogrowvegetablesinso-called“verticalgardens”.Thesoilinthesegardensisbetterbecauseheavyrainshaveremovedmuchofthesalt.

Averticalgardeniseasytomake.Villagersfillcontainerswithgoodsoilandnaturalfertilizers.Theyputthecontainersonbrickssotheyareofftheground.Theyaddpiecesofthebrickstothesoiltohelpwaterflowanddrain(排水).

Thefarmerscutsmallholesintothesidesofthecontainers.Thispermitsvegetableswithshortrootsaplacetogrow.Vegetableswithlongrootsgrowontopofthecontainer.Onebagofsoilcanproduceuptoeightkilogramsofvegetablesinoneseason.

Thefarmersalsogrowvegetablesincontainersmadefromlarge,thinpiecesofplasticsupportedbybamboo.This“verticaltower”measuresmorethanameterwide.Eachofthesetowerscanproducemorethan100kilogramsofvegetables.Itcostsabout$12-$13tobuild.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。“農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量減少”是孟加拉國(guó)的一個(gè)大問題。為了找到出路,這個(gè)國(guó)家的農(nóng)民正在學(xué)習(xí)在所謂的“垂直花園”里種植蔬菜。1.WhatismentionedasabigproblemforBangladesh?A.Severeclimateconditions.B.Toomanypeopletosupport.C.Lackofenoughfreshwater.D.Reducedcropproductivity.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Cropsarelessproductiveandmanyareasofcroplandinthecountryarebecomingunfitforfarming.Thesearebigproblemsforthesmallcountry.”可知,“農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量減少”是孟加拉國(guó)的一個(gè)大問題。2.Whichmainlymakesvegetablesgrowinginverticalgardenssuccessful?A.Placesinthesoilforroots.B.Heavyrainskeptinthesoil.C.Thegoodsoilwithlittlesalt.D.Brickpiecesaddedtothesoil.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Thesoilinthesegardensisbetterbecauseheavyrainshaveremovedmuchofthesalt.”可知,少鹽的好土讓垂直花園的蔬菜種植成功。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph3referto?A.Bricks.

B.Fertilizers.C.Villagers. D.Containers.【解析】選D。代詞指代題。根據(jù)第三段可知,垂直花園很容易建造。村民們用好土和天然肥料裝滿容器。他們把容器放在磚上,這樣它們就離地了。他們?cè)谕寥乐屑尤氪u塊來幫助水流和排水。由此推斷畫線詞they指代的是“容器”。4.Whatcanweinferabouttheverticaltower?A.Itisofftheground.B.Itdrainsveryimproperly.C.Itusesbambooforcontainers.D.Itisunfitforgrowingvegetables.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的前兩句“Thefarmersalsogrowvegetablesincontainersmadefromlarge,thinpiecesofplasticsupportedbybamboo.This’verticaltower’measuresmorethanameterwide.”可知,農(nóng)民們也在由竹子支撐的大而薄的塑料片制成的容器里種植蔬菜。這個(gè)“verticaltower”有一米多寬。B

Itisoneoftheoldestmagictricksinthebook—amagicianlocksawomaninabox,withherheadandfeetstickingoutfromeitherend,andsaws(鋸)itinhalf.Butwhenshefinallyjumpsoutoftheboxthewomanisunharmed.

Thistrickwasintroducednearlyacenturyago.Ithasbeenaroundforsometime,butitnevergoeswrong.Whyisitsosuccessful?Theanswerissimple:Thehumanmindiseasilyfooled.

Ourbrainprocessestheworldaroundusbasedoninformationthatsensoryorgans,includingtheeyes,pickup.Forinstance,whenweseeacoworahorsestandingbehindatree,weautomatically“fillin”thepartoftheanimal’sbodythatishiddenfromoursight.“Sothebrainistakingthiskindofverysparse(匱乏的)informationabouttheworldandit’sgeneratingthisrichworldbyfillingininformation,”StephenMacknik,scientistattheBarrowNeurologicalInstituteinArizona,US,toldSciencemagazine.

Butsinceourbrainsarefillinginthegaps,sometimestheygetitwrong.Theytendtobedrivenbyyourpreviousexperiencesandyouexpectthingstogoastheydidinthepastevenifsometimestheydonot.

Thistendencyexplainsmagicians’successinfoolingpeoplewithwell-knowncointricks.Forexample,whenyouseeamagicianthrownacoinupanddowninonehandandthenfakeacointhrowtotheotherhand,youwouldnaturallybelievethatthecoinisintheotherhand.

Apartfromtheinformationgaps,magiciansalsousethe“blind

spots”theorywhendoingtheirshows.Themostwellknownexperimentdemonstratingthistheoryiscalledthe“invisiblegorilla”,inwhichvolunteerswatchavideooftwobasketballteams.Theyareaskedtocounthowmanytimestheteamswearingwhiteshirtspasstheball.Inthemeantime,apersondressedasagorillawalksontothecourt.Butshockingly,halfoftheviewersdon’tnoticethegorilla,evenwhentheyappeartobelookingdirectlyatit.Magiciansemploythistrick,whattheycall“misdirection”,inalmosteveryoneoftheiracts.Theydirectourattentionsomewhereelseusingcomedyandmusic,whichcanmakeusmissstuffduringtheperformance.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一些著名的魔術(shù)以及魔術(shù)師在表演過程中所使用的一些原理。5.Forwhatpurposeisthemagictrickmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroducethestepsofthemagictrick.B.Toprovemagictricksseldomgowrong.C.Toshowhowmagictricksaredesigned.D.Togetreaderstowonderaboutmagictricks.【解析】選D。寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段可知,文章描述了一個(gè)大家都熟悉的魔術(shù)場(chǎng)景,目的是吸引讀者的注意力,讓讀者對(duì)魔術(shù)感到好奇。6.Whattheorydothemagiciansuseincointricks?A.Informationgaps.

B.Blindspots.C.Misdirection. D.Invisiblegorilla.【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三、四段及第五段第一句可知,魔術(shù)師取得硬幣戲法的成功是利用了信息斷層的原理。7.Whydovolunteerswatchingthevideoignorethe“gorilla”intheexperiment?A.Theydon’tlookdirectlyatit.B.Theyarenotinterestedinit.C.Theyaretoofocusedoncounting.D.Theyconsiderittobeadistraction.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。通讀全文尤其是第六段第一句中的“usethe’blindspots’theory”可知,“invisiblegorilla”實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了盲點(diǎn)理論;再根據(jù)最后一段第一句中的“misdirection”可知,這一實(shí)驗(yàn)之所以有這樣的結(jié)果,是因?yàn)樵趯?shí)驗(yàn)中用到了誤導(dǎo)策略。由此可推知,實(shí)驗(yàn)參與者被要求去數(shù)穿白色衣服球隊(duì)的傳球數(shù)目,導(dǎo)致參與者的精力全都集中在數(shù)數(shù)上了,所以他們看不到大猩猩。Ⅱ.完形填空

OverthelastsummerIvolunteeredatasummercampforchildrenaged5through12.EverydayforsixweeksI

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pedalpowertoconquerthehillknownonlyasDepot.

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IarrivedatAbbotSchoolat7:30,Ibeganmyseven-hourdayofcleaning,entertainingandothers.Byhelpingthesekidsandworkingwithothercounselors,Iwasabletodevelopabetter

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ofresponsibilitynotjustmyself,butfor

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aroundme.

InthebeginningIhelpedwitha

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oftwelve-year-olds.Ihadalotoffunbecausetheywerethemostmature

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,andIcouldrelatetothem.Theydidn’tneedas

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helpastheyoungerkidssothedirectorofthecampswitchedmedowntosix-year-olds.

Forthe

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fewyearsIhadbeentoanadventurecampinthewoodsofMaine.ThereIparticipatedinrafting,rock-climbing,andsea-kayaking.Butnothingcouldhave

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meforworkingnon-stopwith15six-year-olds.Fromfightsoverbattingorder

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whogottosipfromthewaterfountain

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,wewereinaconstant

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ofnoise.Icouldnowunderstandwhyparentsalwaysseemedto

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asighofreliefastheydroppedofftheirlittlebundlesofenergyeverymorning.

ForthefirstsummerIwasdoingsomethingthat

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someoneelse,andIfoundmore

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inthatthananywastedbreezydayofsummerspast.

Duringthisuniqueopportunityofgivinga

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partofmysummer,Iwasabletogetbacksomuchmore.Ilearnedhowmuchmytimeisreally

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andhowtotakeresponsibilityformyselfand

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others.Ilearnedhowdifferenteachindividualisandhowneeds

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.IgainedmoreconfidencewhenIrealizedIcould

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intherealworld.

【文章大意】本文是夾敘夾議文。作者講述了去年夏天,自己在一個(gè)5到12歲兒童的夏令營(yíng)當(dāng)志愿者的經(jīng)歷。這次經(jīng)歷使作者收獲了許多,受益匪淺。1.A.used B.producedC.wasted D.accumulated【解析】選A。句意:在六個(gè)星期里,我每天都用自行車的力量去征服那座被稱為Depot的小山。use用;produce產(chǎn)生;waste浪費(fèi);accumulate積累。故選A。2.A.Though B.Because C.Once D.If【解析】選C。句意:一旦我七點(diǎn)半到達(dá)Abbot學(xué)校,我就開始了一天七小時(shí)的清潔、娛樂和其他活動(dòng)。故選C。3.A.knowledge B.senseC.duty D.sight【解析】選B。句意:通過幫助這些孩子,并與其他輔導(dǎo)員一起工作,我不僅能夠培養(yǎng)自己更好的責(zé)任感,而且能夠?yàn)槲抑車娜伺囵B(yǎng)責(zé)任感。knowledge知識(shí);sense感覺;duty責(zé)任;sight景象。故選B。4.A.any B.ones C.these D.those【解析】選D。any任何;ones代替上文出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù);these這些;those那些。故選D。5.A.grade B.group C.class D.pack【解析】選B。句意:起初,我?guī)椭蝗?2歲的孩子。grade年級(jí);group群;class班級(jí);pack包裝。故選B。6.A.campers B.volunteersC.teachers D.guides【解析】選A。根據(jù)OverthelastsummerIvolunteeredatasummercampforchildrenaged5through12.可知這里意思是我玩得很開心,因?yàn)樗麄兪亲畛墒斓穆稜I(yíng)者,我能與他們產(chǎn)生共鳴。camper露營(yíng)者;volunteer志愿者;teacher教師;guide指南。故選A。7.A.many B.some C.much D.other【解析】選C。句意:他們不像年幼的孩子那樣需要那么多的幫助,所以夏令營(yíng)的負(fù)責(zé)人把我調(diào)到了6歲年齡組。asmanyas和……一樣(修飾可數(shù)名詞);some一些;asmuchas和……一樣(修飾不可數(shù)名詞);other其他的。故選C。8.A.next B.old C.previous D.future【解析】選C。句意:在過去的幾年里,我參加了緬因州森林里的探險(xiǎn)營(yíng)地。next其次的;old年老的;previous早先的;future未來的。故選C。9.A.prevented B.restrictedC.advised D.prepared【解析】選D。句意:但沒有什么能讓我準(zhǔn)備好和15個(gè)6歲的孩子不停地工作。prevent阻止;restrict限制;advise建議;prepare準(zhǔn)備。故選D。10.A.to B.in C.for D.of【解析】選A。句意:從為擊球順序爭(zhēng)吵到誰先喝噴泉式飲水器里的水,我們一直處于嘈雜的狀態(tài)。from...to從……到,該用法是固定用法,故選A。11.A.directly B.first C.politely D.slow【解析】選B。directly直接地;first首先;politely有禮貌地;slow慢慢地。故選B。12.A.spirit B.view C.state D.shape【解析】選C。spirit精神;view觀察;state狀態(tài);shape形狀。故選C。13.A.bringabout B.resultfromC.findout D.letout【解析】選D。句意:我現(xiàn)在明白了為什么父母?jìng)兠刻煸缟戏畔滤麄兊男√詺獍鼤r(shí),似乎總是會(huì)松一口氣。bringabout引起;resultfrom由……造成;findout找出;letout放出。故選D。14.A.defeated B.benefitedC.regretted D.interested【解析】選B。句意:第一個(gè)夏天,我做了一些讓別人受益的事情,我從中得到的滿足感比以往任何日子都要多。defeat擊敗;benefit使受益;regret后悔;interest感興趣。故選B。15.A.opportunity B.relationshipC.difference D.satisfaction【解析】選D。opportunity機(jī)會(huì);relationship關(guān)系;difference不同;satisfaction滿足。故選D。16.A.small B.valuableC.boring D.major【解析】選A。句意:在我夏天中的一小部分,給我這個(gè)難得的機(jī)會(huì),讓我能夠得到這么多。small小的;valuable有價(jià)值的;boring無聊的;major主要的。故選A。17.A.short B.worthC.necessary D.unique【解析】選B。句意:我認(rèn)識(shí)到我的時(shí)間是多么寶貴,學(xué)會(huì)了如何為自己,尤其是他人負(fù)責(zé)。short短的;worth值……的;necessary必要的;unique獨(dú)特的。故選B。18.A.particularly B.merelyC.especially D.thoroughly【解析】選C。particularly特別地;merely只不過;especially尤其;thoroughly徹底地。故選C。19.A.vary B.improveC.increase D.develop【解析】選A。句意:我了解到每個(gè)人是多么不同以及需求如何變化。vary變化;improve改善;increase增加;develop進(jìn)步。故選A。20.A.create B.struggleC.appear D.survive【解析】選D。句意:當(dāng)我意識(shí)到我可以在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中生存時(shí),我獲得了更多的信心。create創(chuàng)造;struggle掙扎;appear出現(xiàn);survive生存。故選D。Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Icelandisalandofvolcanoes.Nowhereis1._________(evident)thanontheWestmanIslandsoffthesoutherncoastofIceland.Here,2._________(century)ofvolcaniceruptionsformedmanyeye-catchingseacliffs(懸崖),among3._________onestandsout:Apartofthevolcano-formedcoastonHeimaeylooksexactlyliketheheadofalargeelephant4._________(stick)itstrunkinthewater.

Infact,itlookssomuchlikeanelephantthatmanypeoplethinkitmusthavebeenshapedbyhumans.Thatisnot5._________case,however.Theelephant’srealistic6._________(appear)is,atleastpartially,duetothefactthatthecliff7._________(consist)ofaspecialrock.Therockgivesthefigure“skin”thatlookswrinkledandgray,justlikethatofarealelephant.

ThemostcommontheoryisthattherockformationscamefromtheEldfellVolcano,which8._________(erupt)manytimessincethe1940s.

Inspiteofthestrongresemblancetoanelephant,somepeople9._________(actual