2024-2025學年人教新版高二（上）英語寒假作業(yè)（十一）

第1頁（共1頁）2024-2025學年人教新版高二（上）英語寒假作業(yè)（十一）一．完形填空（共1小題）1．（2023?海南學業(yè)考試）I'llcallhimPeterbecauseIdidn'tknowhisname.HewasawaiterinarestauranttowhichIhadtakenRobert，myfive﹣year﹣oldson，forhis（1）.Robertworehisnew（2），proudandjoyful.Petergreeteduswarmlyandbroughthis（3）closetoRobert'sleveltotalkwithhim.RobertliftedhisleftfootsoPetercouldseehisbootandthenheaskedPeterto（4）it.BeforeItriedtostophis（5）request，PetergotdowntoRobert'sbootandtookalongsmell.ThenhethankedRobertfor（6）thespecialsmell.RobertsmiledatPeter'sreaction.When（7），Roberttookmoretimethanafast﹣foodcustomershould.Eventually，he（8）anorangejuice.Peterpraisedhis（9），whichbroughtabiggersmiletoRobert'sface.Peterfollowedus（10）withourfoodasthebirthdayboypickedtheperfecttable.Myheartwasfilledwiththanksforthismanwhomademysonfeel（11）.ThoughPeterdidwhatRobertaskedcalmly，Istillcriticized（批評）Robertforhisimpolitedeed.Petertreatedallcustomerswithextreme（12）andpoliteness.Eightyearslater，RobertcanstillfeelPeter's（13）.Inlife，weoften（14）peoplebymaterialworthoruniversitydegrees.However，thetrue（15）ofapersoncomesfromhowtheytreatothers.（1）A．experimentB．performanceC．graduationD．birthday（2）A．bootsB．clothesC．glassesD．cap（3）A．handsB．faceC．feetD．heart（4）A．cleanB．smellC．describeD．fix（5）A．familiarB．irresponsibleC．rudeD．normal（6）A．sharingB．sufferingC．removingD．collecting（7）A．waitingB．orderingC．listeningD．eating（8）A．putasideB．brokedownC．settledonD．stuckto（9）A．effortB．suggestionC．a(chǎn)ttitudeD．choice（10）A．excitedlyB．worriedlyC．nervouslyD．patiently（11）A．hopefulB．luckyC．successfulD．great（12）A．respectB．courageC．humorD．pride（13）A．kindnessB．honorC．confidenceD．trust（14）A．challengeB．a(chǎn)ffectC．judgeD．serve（15）A．joyB．valueC．giftD．duty二．閱讀理解（共3小題）2．（2021秋?讓胡路區(qū)校級期末）HendersonIslandintheSouthPacificOceanhasalwaysbeenknownforitsremarkablebiologicaldiversity（生物多樣性）anduntouchedecology（生態(tài)）.Now，theremoteUNESCOWorldHeritagesitethatlies3，100milesfromtheclosesthumansettlementisalsoclaimedtobeoneofthemostpollutedplacesonEarth.JenniferLavers，aresearcherfromtheUniversityofTasmania'sInstituteforMarineandAntarcticStudieswhohasbeenstudyingtheislandforafewyears，saysthetinyislandishometoover38millionpiecesofwaste.Theamountofwasteissurprisingsincetheisland，thelargestofthegroupoffourPitcairnvolcanicislands，hasnoresidentsandisvisitedbyscientistsonlyonceortwiceeverydecade.However，asitturnsout，humansdonotneedtobephysicallypresenttopolluteanarea.Inthiscase，thewasteisbroughtinbytheSouthPacificGyre，anoceancurrent（洋流）thatsendsgarbagemovingthroughtheseatoHenderson.What'sevenworseisthattheunsightlyrubbishscattered（分散）acrosstheisland'ssandybeachesisjustasmallpartoftheiceberg.Accordingtotheresearchers，over68%ofthewasteisburiedunderthesand.Thismeanstheirestimates，basedonthewastefoundupto10centimetersbelowthesand，maybeunderestimatingthefullextentofthepollution.Besidesbeingaesthetically（審美地）unpleasing，thewasteisalsoharmfultotheisland'swildlife.Laversandstudyco﹣authorAlexanderBonddiscoveredseaturtlesthatcometotheislandtolayeggscaughtinsidefishinglines.Thewasteisalsoharmfultoseabirdsandfishthatmistakethecolorfulplasticpiecesforfood.EnvironmentalistslikeBoyanSlat，whofoundedTheOceanCleanupin2011afterdiscovering"morebagsthanfish"whiledivinginGreece，aretryingtocleanupthemess.However，theireffortswillonlymakeadifferenceifwealljointhembyavoidingplasticaltogetherorreusingandrecycling.Unlesswefindwaystochangethesituation，thiseverincreasingpollutionwillcauseaseriousrisktothehealthofourplanetandallitsresidents，includinghumans.（1）WhatdoweknowaboutHendersonIsland？A．Therearenoanimalsonit.B．Therearenopeoplelivingonit.C．It'sknownforitsvariousresources.D．It'sthelargestislandintheSouthPacificOcean.（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A．Humanspresencecausedmostofthepollutionontheisland.B．Thevolcaniceruptionandtheclosesthumansettlementleadtothepollution.C．Anoceancurrenthascarriedthegarbagetotheisland.D．Mostoftherubbishisscatteredacrosstheisland'sbeaches.（3）Whatisthefifthparagraphmainlyabout？A．Thelevelofseapollution.B．Theimpactofseawaste.C．Howtodealwithoceantrash.D．Howtoprotecttheisland'swildlife.（4）Whatisthepurposeofthetext？A．Tointroducefamousvolcanicisland.B．Topraiseenvironmentalistsfortheirefforts.C．ToexplaintheeffectsoftheSouthPacificGyre.D．Tocallonpeopletotakeactiononpollution.3．（2022春?臨潼區(qū)校級月考）Scientistswhostudyglacier（冰川）icehavefoundvirusesnearly15，000yearsoldintwoicesamplestakenfromtheTibetanPlateauinChina.Mostofthoseviruses，whichsurvivedbecausetheyhadremainedfrozen，areunlikeanyvirusesthathavebeenlistedtodate.Thefindingspublishedrecentlycouldhelpscientistsunderstandhowviruseshavedevelopedovercenturies.Forthisstudy，thescientistsalsocreatedanew，ultra﹣cleanmethodofanalyzingmicrobesandvirusesinicewithoutpollutingit.Theresearchersanalyzedicecorestakenin2015fromtheGuliyaicecapinwesternChina.Thecoresarecollectedathighaltitudes—thepeakofGuliya，wherethisiceoriginated，is22，000feetabovesealevel.Theicecorescontainlayersoficethataccumulateyearafteryear，trappingwhateverwasintheatmospherearoundthematthetimeeachlayerfroze.Thoselayerscreateatimelineofsorts，whichscientistshaveusedtounderstandmoreaboutclimatechange，microbes，virusesandgasesthroughouthistory.Researchersdeterminedthattheicewasnearly15，000yearsoldusingacombinationoftraditionalandnew，noveltechniquestodatethisicecore.Whentheyanalyzedtheice，theyfoundgeneticcodesfor33viruses.Fourofthoseviruseshavealreadybeenidentifiedbythescientificcommunity.Butatleast28ofthemarenovel.Abouthalfofthemseemedtohavesurvivedatthetimetheywerefrozennotinspiteoftheice，butbecauseofit."Theseviruseshavesignaturesofgenesthathelptheminfectcellsincoldenvironments—justsurrealgeneticsignaturesforhowavirusisabletosurviveinextremeconditions.Thesearenoteasysignaturestopullout，andthemethodthatZhi﹣Pingdevelopedtoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromthecoresandtostudymicrobesandvirusesinicecouldhelpussearchforthesegeneticorderinotherextremeicyenvironments—Mars，forexample，themoon，orclosertohomeinEarth'sAtacamaDesert."saidMatthewSullivan，co﹣authorofthestudy.（1）Whatisspecialaboutthisstudy？A．Scientistshavefoundtheoldestviruses.B．Theicecoresarefromhighaltitudesonearth.C．Thevirusesarenotpollutedintheanalysis.D．Anewwayofanalyzingtheresultsisadopted.（2）Howdothescientistslearnaboutthevirusesinthehistory？A．Bywatchingtheprocessoficeaccumulation.B．Bystudyingthelayeroftheicesamples.C．Bycollectingwhateverwasintheatmosphere.D．Bycreatingatimelineofclimatechange.（3）Whatisthesignificanceofthestudy？A．Ittellsthecauseofclimatechanges.B．Itwarnspeopleoftheoldviruses.C．Itprovesawaytoremoveviruses.D．Itbenefitsvirusstudyonthemoon.（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout？A．Newly﹣foundoldvirusesintheglacier.B．Geneticcodesofoldvirusesintheglacier.C．Noveltechniquestodateoldviruses.D．StudyofoldvirusesontheMars.4．（2020秋?南通期末）Manyparentsworrythattheirchildren'suseofelectronicdeviceswillbringharmtotheirchildren，sotheysetstrictlimitsontheiruseofelectronicdevices.Butthere'sanotherdevice﹣relateddangerthatparentsmaybecompletelyignoring﹣second﹣handscreentime.Withsecond﹣handscreentime，kidsareindirectlyexposedtoscreensbeingusedbysomeoneelseclosetothem.Watchingparentsusetheirdevicesalotfromanearlyagecanleadchildrentobecomeaddictedtothemastheygrowup，researchsuggests.Also，childrenarelikelytoshowmoreacting﹣outbehaviorswhenparentsspendtoomuchtimeontheirdevices.Often，thisistheonlywaykidscangetaparent'sattention.Spendingtoomuchtimeonelectronicdevices，especiallyinthepresenceofachild，alsosendsthemessagethatthedeviceismoreimportantthanthechild.Thiscanleadtoabreakdownintheparent﹣childrelationship.Thisdoesnotmeanthatparentsshouldnotuseelectronicdeviceswhiletheirchildrenarepresent.Itdoesmeanthatparentsneedtosetlimitsontheirownscreentime，justastheywouldfortheirchildren.Foradults，devicesareoftenanecessarypartoftheirwork，aswellaspersonaltasksandactivities.Whilecuttingdownontheirscreentimemaynotbeeasy，itisworththeeffort.Parentscannowtakesomepracticalstepstogetstarted.Oneofthesimplestissettingupcertaintimesandplaceswheredeviceswon'tbeused.Forexample，device﹣freemealtimesareimportantformanyreasons，andthisisaneasywaytolimittheuse.Otherideasincludenotusingdevicesintherestroom，whenhavingaconversationwithsomeone，orwhenplayinggameswiththekids.Inaddition，parentsshouldnotuse"doasIsay，notasIdo"tosendconfusingmessagestotheirchildren.Wecantellkidsthatit'simportanttocurbtheirdeviceuse，butiftheirexperiencewithparentsfrominfancyoniswatchingthemusedevicesfrequently，theyaremuchmorelikelytofollowthatmodel.Therefore，parentsshouldsettherightexamplefortheirchildren.（1）Whatmightcausesecond﹣handscreentime？A．Children'soveruseofelectronicdevices.B．Watchingparentsusetheirdevicesalot.C．Strictlimitsonchildren'suseofdevices.D．Seeingstrangersdirectlyexposedtoscreens.（2）Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？A．Therisksofsecond﹣handscreentime.B．Theformsofsecond﹣handscreentime.C．Thecausesofsecond﹣handscreentime.D．Thefeaturesofsecond﹣handscreentime.（3）Whatshouldparentsdotoimprovethesituation？A．Saynototheuseofelectronicdevices.B．Makeanefforttoplaygameswithkids.C．Trytoreducetheamountofscreentime.D．Findmorereasonstohavemealswithkids.（4）Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtoexplainthelastparagraph？A．Itisbettertoteachbyexamplethanbyspeech.B．Hewhodoesnotlistentotheoldmanlosesatsight.C．Nothingisimpossible（ordifficult）tothemanwhowilltry.D．Knowledgewillnotbeacquiredwithoutpainandapplication.三．信息匹配（共1小題）5．UrbanizationUntilrelativelyrecently，thevastmajorityofhumanbeingslivedanddiedwithouteverseeingacity.Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundednomorethan5，500yearsago.（1）Infact，nearlyeveryonelivedonfarmsorintinyrural（鄉(xiāng)村的）villages.Itwasnotuntilthe20thcenturythatGreatBritainbecamethefirsturbansocietyinhistory—asocietyinwhichthemajorityofpeopleliveincitiesanddonotfarmforaliving.Britainwasonlythebeginning.（2）Theprocessofurbanization—themigration（遷徙）ofpeoplefromthecountrysidetothecity—wastheresultofmodernization，whichhasrapidlytransformedhowpeopleliveandwheretheylive.In1900，fewerthan40%ofAmericanslivedinurbanareas.Today，over82%ofAmericansliveincities.Onlyabout2%liveonfarms.（3）Largecitieswereimpossibleuntilagriculturebecameindustrialized.Eveninadvancedagriculturalsocieties，ittookaboutninety﹣fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities.（4）Untilmoderntimes，thoselivingincitiesweremainlytherulingelite（精英）andtheservants，laborersandprofessionalswhoservedthem.Citiessurvivedbytaxingfarmersandwerelimitedinsizebytheamountofsurplusfoodthattheruralpopulationproducedandbytheabilitytomovethissurplusfromfarmtocity.Overthepasttwocenturies，theIndustrialRevolutionhasbrokenthisbalancebetweenthecityandthecountry.（5）Today，insteadofneedingninety﹣fivefarmerstofeedfivecitypeople，oneAmericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednon﹣farmers.A.Thatkeptcitiesverysmall.B.Therestliveinsmalltowns.C.Theeffectsofurbanlivingonpeopleshouldbeconsidered.D.Soonmanyotherindustrialnationsbecameurbansocieties.E.Buteven200yearsago，onlyafewpeoplecouldliveincities.F.Modernizationdrewpeopletothecitiesandmadefarmersmoreproductive.G.Moderncitieshavedestroyedsocialrelationsandthehealthofhumanbeings.四．語法填空（共1小題）6．Mostofusarefamiliarwiththe"SilkRoad"，anetworkoflandtradingrouteswhichconnectednorthwesternChinatoEuropesincetheHanDynasty.Withitsrecent（1）（popular），youmayhaveheardofthe"AncientTeaHorseRoad"aswell，anothernetworkoflandtradingroutesthatconnectedChinatovarious（2）（part）ofAsiaandEuropebeforesailingbecamecommon.Historically，the"AncientTeaHorseRoad"isnoless（3）（value）thanthe"SilkRoad".Andbecauseoftheirrespectivelocations（位置），sometimesthe"AncientTeaHorseRoad"（4）（refer）toasthe"SouthernSilkRoad".The"AncientTeaHorseRoad"gotitsnameasChineseteaandhorseswerethemainproducts（5）（buy）andsoldalongtheroute.Historianshavetracedtheoriginsofthe"AncientTeaHorseRoad"backtotheTangDynasty，（6）teawasbeingtransportedoutofYunnantoBeijing，Tibet，andotherplaces.The"AncientTeaHorseRoad"was（7）（far）developedduringtheSongandMingDynasties，andremained（8）busytradingrouteallyearrounduntiltheQingDynasty.The"AncientTeaHorseRoad"served（9）notonlyatradingroute，butalsoabridgeconnectingdifferentraces—suchasHanandtheTibetanpeople.Itislocatednearthe"RoofoftheWorld"，andiswheremanyethnicgroupsarelocated，（10）（make）itaspotofmanyattractions.五．詞匯應用（共5小題）7．n.警告；警示；先兆8．a(chǎn)dj.不斷的；重復的；不變的n.常數(shù)；常量9．n.幻想；想象10．a(chǎn)dj.可獲得的；可購得的；（人）有空的11．（2024?方城縣校級開學）n.生活方式六．書面表達（共2小題）12．假設你是李華，北京歡樂谷主題公園請你為他們的主題區(qū)"失落的瑪雅（LostMaya）"寫一個英文指南，內容包括以下幾個要點：1）背景知識：瑪雅是一個古老的民族，他們曾在中美洲建立過燦爛的文明（civilization）。到公元六至八世紀，瑪雅文明突然消失，原因至今未明。2）主題活動：在"失落的瑪雅"主題區(qū)，您將有機會與偉大的探險家諾曼博士（Dr.Norman）一起，重新發(fā)現(xiàn)瑪雅遺跡，探索瑪雅文明失落的秘密。注意：1）詞數(shù)80左右；2）可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。13．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應為150左右。MysisterPriscillaandIjustcamebackfromaweek﹣longvacationinPortugalwithlotsofphotos.I'llremembersomanywonderfulthingsaboutmytriptothecitiesofLisbonandPorto，butoneexperienceinparticularsticksout，somethingthathappenedonourlastnightinLisbon.Beforethetrip，Iputtogetheraverydetailedrouteofplacestosee.Oneofthemust﹣visitplacesonmylistwasLivrariadoSimao，thesmallestbookstoreinLisbon.OnourveryfirstdayinLisbon，PriscillaandIsearchedforit.Wefoundtheoldestbookstoreintheworld.Butthesmallestonewasimpossibletofind!Backatthehotel，wherewehadWi﹣Fi，Ilookedthebookstoreupagain，hopingwe'dhavetimetofinditonanotherday.Butourschedulewasdelayed，andweprobablywouldn'thavetimetolookforit.OnourlastfulldayinLisbon，PriscillaandItookadaytriptoCascais，acoastaltownoutsidethecity.Wedecided，atthelastminute，tovisitahistoricfleamarket（跳蚤市場）.Wewalkedforaboutanhour，upmanysteephills.Whenwefinallyreachedthemarket，completelyoutofbreath，allthesellerswereclosingupshop.Nottomentionthatwewerebothtiredandhungry.PriscillaandIarguedoverthedirections.Iinsistedweturnright，whichendedupbeinganotherbaddecision.Weclimbedupmoresteephills，fartherandfartherawayfromanyareawerecognized.WemadeanotherrightturnontoarandomstreetandPriscillastoppedtocheckthemap.Meanwhile，Ilookedupatthestreetsign，RuadaMadalena.I'dheardthatnamebefore.Wecontinuedalittlefartherupthestreet，andIspottedafewpeoplehangingoutinalane.Therewassomethingparticularlyfamiliaraboutthescene.Ilookedcloser.Therewasasmallstorepracticallyhiddeninthelane.Ithadbooksinitswindows.Paragraph1：Ohmygoodness!Thebookstore！_________Paragraph2：Soon，itwastimeforustosaygoodbye._________

2024-2025學年人教新版高二（上）英語寒假作業(yè)（十一）參考答案與試題解析一．完形填空（共1小題）1．（2023?海南學業(yè)考試）I'llcallhimPeterbecauseIdidn'tknowhisname.HewasawaiterinarestauranttowhichIhadtakenRobert，myfive﹣year﹣oldson，forhis（1）D.Robertworehisnew（2）A，proudandjoyful.Petergreeteduswarmlyandbroughthis（3）BclosetoRobert'sleveltotalkwithhim.RobertliftedhisleftfootsoPetercouldseehisbootandthenheaskedPeterto（4）Bit.BeforeItriedtostophis（5）Crequest，PetergotdowntoRobert'sbootandtookalongsmell.ThenhethankedRobertfor（6）Athespecialsmell.RobertsmiledatPeter'sreaction.When（7）B，Roberttookmoretimethanafast﹣foodcustomershould.Eventually，he（8）Canorangejuice.Peterpraisedhis（9）D，whichbroughtabiggersmiletoRobert'sface.Peterfollowedus（10）Dwithourfoodasthebirthdayboypickedtheperfecttable.Myheartwasfilledwiththanksforthismanwhomademysonfeel（11）D.ThoughPeterdidwhatRobertaskedcalmly，Istillcriticized（批評）Robertforhisimpolitedeed.Petertreatedallcustomerswithextreme（12）Aandpoliteness.Eightyearslater，RobertcanstillfeelPeter's（13）A.Inlife，weoften（14）Cpeoplebymaterialworthoruniversitydegrees.However，thetrue（15）Bofapersoncomesfromhowtheytreatothers.（1）A．experimentB．performanceC．graduationD．birthday（2）A．bootsB．clothesC．glassesD．cap（3）A．handsB．faceC．feetD．heart（4）A．cleanB．smellC．describeD．fix（5）A．familiarB．irresponsibleC．rudeD．normal（6）A．sharingB．sufferingC．removingD．collecting（7）A．waitingB．orderingC．listeningD．eating（8）A．putasideB．brokedownC．settledonD．stuckto（9）A．effortB．suggestionC．a(chǎn)ttitudeD．choice（10）A．excitedlyB．worriedlyC．nervouslyD．patiently（11）A．hopefulB．luckyC．successfulD．great（12）A．respectB．courageC．humorD．pride（13）A．kindnessB．honorC．confidenceD．trust（14）A．challengeB．a(chǎn)ffectC．judgeD．serve（15）A．joyB．valueC．giftD．duty【答案】（1）﹣（5）DABBC（6）﹣（10）ABCDD（11）﹣（15）DAACB【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。講述的是作者帶著自己的孩子羅伯特去一家餐廳過生日。在餐廳中遇到了一位耐心無比的服務員皮特。皮特以尊重和禮貌對待所有的客人，他的善意一直影響著作者的兒子。通過此事，讓作者明白的是在生活中，我們經(jīng)常用物質價值或大學學位來評價一個人，然而，一個人真正的價值來自于他們如何對待別人?！窘獯稹浚?）D.考查名詞及語境理解。A.experiment實驗；B.performance表演；C.graduation畢業(yè)；D.birthday生日。句意：他是一家餐廳的服務員，我?guī)椅鍤q的兒子羅伯特去那里過生日。羅伯特穿著他的新靴子，驕傲而快樂。根據(jù)后文的"Peterfolloweduswithourfoodasthebirthdayboypickedtheperfecttable."可知，是羅伯特過生日。故選D。（2）A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.boots靴子；B.clothes衣服；C.glasses眼鏡；D.cap帽子。句意：他是一家餐廳的服務員，我?guī)椅鍤q的兒子羅伯特去那里過生日。羅伯特穿著他的新靴子，驕傲而快樂。根據(jù)后文的"RobertliftedhisleftfootsoPetercouldseehisboot."可知，羅伯特穿著新靴子。故選A。（3）B.考查名詞及語境理解。A.hands雙手；B.face臉；C.feet腳；D.heart心臟。句意：皮特熱情地和我們打招呼，把臉貼近羅伯特的高度和他交談。根據(jù)前文的"Petergreeteduswarmly"可知，是皮特把臉貼近羅伯特，跟他交談。故選B。（4）B.考查動詞及語境理解。A.clean清理；B.smell聞；C.describe描述；D.fix修理。句意：羅伯特抬起左腳，讓皮特看到他的靴子，然后他讓皮特聞一聞。根據(jù)后文"PetergotdowntoRobert'sbootandtookalongsmell."可知，羅伯特是讓皮特去聞一聞靴子。故選B。（5）C.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.familiar熟悉的；B.irresponsible不負責任的；C.rude粗魯?shù)模籇.normal正式的。句意：我還沒來得及阻止羅伯特粗魯?shù)恼埱?，皮特就走到羅伯特的靴子前，聞了聞。按照常識，讓別人聞自己的靴子，這是粗魯?shù)男袨?。故選C。（6）A.考查動詞及語境理解。A.sharing分享；B.suffering遭受；C.removing移走；D.collecting收集。句意：然后他感謝羅伯特分享了這種特殊的氣味。羅伯特看到皮特的反應笑了。根據(jù)前文"PetergotdowntoRobert'sbootandtookalongsmell"可知，皮特配合羅伯特的要求，此處應該是他感謝羅伯特讓他聞靴子的味道，感謝他的分享。故選A項。（7）B.考查動詞及語境理解。A.waiting等待；B.ordering點菜；C.listening聽；D.eating吃。句意：點菜時，羅伯特花的時間比一個快餐顧客應該花的時間多。根據(jù)后文"Eventually，heanorangejuice."可知，羅伯特點菜的時候花了很長的時間。故選B。（8）C.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.putaside擱置；B.brokedown垮了；C.settleddown決定；D.stuckto堅持。句意：最后，他決定喝橙汁。根據(jù)前文"When，Roberttookmoretimethanafast﹣foodcustomershould"可知，羅伯特在點餐的時候花了很多時間，最終決定喝橙汁。故選C。（9）D.考查名詞及語境理解。A.effort努力；B.suggestion建議；C.attitude態(tài)度；D.choice選擇。句意：皮特稱贊了他的選擇，這讓羅伯特的臉上露出了更大的笑容。根據(jù)前文的"Eventually，heanorangejuice."可知，皮特很贊同羅伯特選擇橙汁的這個選擇。故選D。（10）D.考查副詞及語境理解。A.excited利用興奮地；B.worriedly擔心地；C.nervously緊張地；D.patiently耐心地。句意：當小壽星挑選最合適的桌子時，彼得耐心地端著食物跟在我們后面。根據(jù)前文"Peterfollowedus"可知，皮特一直跟隨著我們，這是耐心的體現(xiàn)。故選D。（11）D.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.hopeful充滿希望的；B.lucky幸運的；C.successful成功的；D.great好的。句意：我的內心充滿了對這個男人的感謝，他讓我的兒子感覺很棒。根據(jù)前文的"whichbroughtabiggersmiletoRobert'sface."可知，皮特所做的一切都讓羅伯特很開心，作為家長的我，內心對皮特充滿感激。故選D。（12）A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.respect尊敬；B.courage勇氣；C.humor幽默；D.pride驕傲。句意：皮特對所有的顧客都非常尊重和禮貌。根據(jù)皮特對待顧客的表現(xiàn)可知，皮特以尊重和禮貌對待所有的客人。故選A。（13）A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.kindness善良；B.honor榮耀；C.confidence自信；D.trust信任。句意：八年后，羅伯特仍然能感受到皮特的善良。根據(jù)前文皮特耐心的對待羅伯特，處處是善良的體現(xiàn)。故選A。（14）C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；B.affect影響；C.judge判斷；D.serve服務。句意：在生活中，我們經(jīng)常用物質價值或大學學位來評價一個人。根據(jù)后文的"bymaterialworthoruniversitydegrees"可知，我們通常是以物質價值或者教育程度來評判別人。故選C。（15）B.考查名詞及語境理解。A.joy快樂；B.value價值；C.gift禮物；D.duty責任。句意：然而，一個人真正的價值來自于他們如何對待別人。根據(jù)前文的"bymaterialworthoruniversitydegrees"以及后文的"however"可知，二者構成的是轉折關系，即不要以物質價值和教育程度來評判別人，一個人真正的價值體現(xiàn)在他如何對待別人。故選B。【點評】完形填空考查學生綜合運用語言的能力。做題時，要先通讀全文，掌握大意，然后結合選項，仔細閱讀文章，選擇最適合語境的詞，注意上下文的呼應及語境。二．閱讀理解（共3小題）2．（2021秋?讓胡路區(qū)校級期末）HendersonIslandintheSouthPacificOceanhasalwaysbeenknownforitsremarkablebiologicaldiversity（生物多樣性）anduntouchedecology（生態(tài)）.Now，theremoteUNESCOWorldHeritagesitethatlies3，100milesfromtheclosesthumansettlementisalsoclaimedtobeoneofthemostpollutedplacesonEarth.JenniferLavers，aresearcherfromtheUniversityofTasmania'sInstituteforMarineandAntarcticStudieswhohasbeenstudyingtheislandforafewyears，saysthetinyislandishometoover38millionpiecesofwaste.Theamountofwasteissurprisingsincetheisland，thelargestofthegroupoffourPitcairnvolcanicislands，hasnoresidentsandisvisitedbyscientistsonlyonceortwiceeverydecade.However，asitturnsout，humansdonotneedtobephysicallypresenttopolluteanarea.Inthiscase，thewasteisbroughtinbytheSouthPacificGyre，anoceancurrent（洋流）thatsendsgarbagemovingthroughtheseatoHenderson.What'sevenworseisthattheunsightlyrubbishscattered（分散）acrosstheisland'ssandybeachesisjustasmallpartoftheiceberg.Accordingtotheresearchers，over68%ofthewasteisburiedunderthesand.Thismeanstheirestimates，basedonthewastefoundupto10centimetersbelowthesand，maybeunderestimatingthefullextentofthepollution.Besidesbeingaesthetically（審美地）unpleasing，thewasteisalsoharmfultotheisland'swildlife.Laversandstudyco﹣authorAlexanderBonddiscoveredseaturtlesthatcometotheislandtolayeggscaughtinsidefishinglines.Thewasteisalsoharmfultoseabirdsandfishthatmistakethecolorfulplasticpiecesforfood.EnvironmentalistslikeBoyanSlat，whofoundedTheOceanCleanupin2011afterdiscovering"morebagsthanfish"whiledivinginGreece，aretryingtocleanupthemess.However，theireffortswillonlymakeadifferenceifwealljointhembyavoidingplasticaltogetherorreusingandrecycling.Unlesswefindwaystochangethesituation，thiseverincreasingpollutionwillcauseaseriousrisktothehealthofourplanetandallitsresidents，includinghumans.（1）WhatdoweknowaboutHendersonIsland？BA．Therearenoanimalsonit.B．Therearenopeoplelivingonit.C．It'sknownforitsvariousresources.D．It'sthelargestislandintheSouthPacificOcean.（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？CA．Humanspresencecausedmostofthepollutionontheisland.B．Thevolcaniceruptionandtheclosesthumansettlementleadtothepollution.C．Anoceancurrenthascarriedthegarbagetotheisland.D．Mostoftherubbishisscatteredacrosstheisland'sbeaches.（3）Whatisthefifthparagraphmainlyabout？BA．Thelevelofseapollution.B．Theimpactofseawaste.C．Howtodealwithoceantrash.D．Howtoprotecttheisland'swildlife.（4）Whatisthepurposeofthetext？DA．Tointroducefamousvolcanicisland.B．Topraiseenvironmentalistsfortheirefforts.C．ToexplaintheeffectsoftheSouthPacificGyre.D．Tocallonpeopletotakeactiononpollution.【答案】BCBD【分析】本文為說明文，文章說明了南太平洋的亨德森島的垃圾污染情非常嚴重，以至于在沙子以下10厘米處都發(fā)現(xiàn)了垃圾，并且號召我們找方法解決垃圾污染問題，否則這種日益嚴重的污染將對地球以及所有生物的健康造成嚴重威脅?！窘獯稹浚?）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Theamountofwasteissurprisinggiventhattheisland，thelargestofthegroupoffourPitcairnvolcanicislands，hasnoresidentsandisvisitedbyscientistsonlyonceortwiceeverydecade.（數(shù)目令人驚訝的垃圾被運送到這個島嶼，這個島嶼是四個皮特凱恩火山島中最大的一個，島上沒有居民，科學家每十年才造訪一到兩次。）可知，沒有人類居住在亨德森島上，故選B。（2）C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的However，asitturnsout，humansdonotneedtobephysicallypresenttopolluteanarea.Inthiscase，thewasteisbroughtinbytheSouthPacificGyre，anoceancurrentthatsendsgarbagemovingthroughtheseatoHenderson.（然而，事實證明，人類不需要親自出現(xiàn)就能污染一個地區(qū)。在這種情況下，垃圾是由南太平洋環(huán)流帶入的，這是一種洋流，它會把垃圾通過海洋輸送到亨德森島嶼）可知，洋流可以把垃圾帶到亨德森島上。故選C。（3）B.段落大意題。根據(jù)第五段"Besidesbeingaesthetically（審美地）unpleasing，thewasteisalsoharmfultotheisland'swildlife.Laversandstudyco﹣authorAlexanderBonddiscoveredseaturtlesthatcometotheislandtolayeggscaughtinsidefishinglines.Thewasteisalsoharmfultoseabirdsandfishthatmistakethecolorfulplasticpiecesforfood."（除了不美觀，這些垃圾對島上的野生動物也是有害的。Lavers和研究合著者AlexanderBond發(fā)現(xiàn)，來島上產(chǎn)卵的海龜被魚線纏住。垃圾對錯把彩色塑料當成食物的海鳥和魚也有危害）可知，本段主要講的是海洋垃圾對亨德森島的環(huán)境和野生動物造成的嚴重影響，故選B。（4）D.寫作目的題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Unlesswefindwaystochangethesituation，thiseverincreasingpollutionwillcauseaseriousrisktothehealthofourplanetandallitsresidents，includinghumans.（除非我們找到，改變這種情況的方法，否則這種日益嚴重的污染將對我們的地球及地球其所有的居住者的健康造成嚴重威脅，包括人類）可知，文章的目的是呼吁人們對污染采取行動，否則對地球和人類造成嚴重影響。故選D?！军c評】1．直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。2．間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原文信息進行轉換。3．綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析。3．（2022春?臨潼區(qū)校級月考）Scientistswhostudyglacier（冰川）icehavefoundvirusesnearly15，000yearsoldintwoicesamplestakenfromtheTibetanPlateauinChina.Mostofthoseviruses，whichsurvivedbecausetheyhadremainedfrozen，areunlikeanyvirusesthathavebeenlistedtodate.Thefindingspublishedrecentlycouldhelpscientistsunderstandhowviruseshavedevelopedovercenturies.Forthisstudy，thescientistsalsocreatedanew，ultra﹣cleanmethodofanalyzingmicrobesandvirusesinicewithoutpollutingit.Theresearchersanalyzedicecorestakenin2015fromtheGuliyaicecapinwesternChina.Thecoresarecollectedathighaltitudes—thepeakofGuliya，wherethisiceoriginated，is22，000feetabovesealevel.Theicecorescontainlayersoficethataccumulateyearafteryear，trappingwhateverwasintheatmospherearoundthematthetimeeachlayerfroze.Thoselayerscreateatimelineofsorts，whichscientistshaveusedtounderstandmoreaboutclimatechange，microbes，virusesand