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PAGE1考點(diǎn)13非謂語復(fù)習(xí)課前熱身練用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子1.Iamlookingforwardto(receive)yourletter.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)2.Herepeatedthequestioninanevensternertone,“WhereisGod!!?”Againtheboymadenoattempt(answer).(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)3.Hepassedmeandthenturnedback,(look)atmewithasmile.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)4.Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse.However,(force)torecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)5.Manypeoplefindthatemotionscanstimulatethemtoeatwhentheyarenothungry,whichoftenleadsto(eat)toomanycaloriesfromfoodsthathavelownutritionalvalue.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)6.Ontheirreturn,thefatheraskedhisson(explain)whathehadlearnt.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)7.Atthe2016Oscarceremony,DiCaprio’s(win)theawardforBestActorimpressedalltheaudiencepresent.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)8.KingEdgarwasthefirstmonarch(bury)therein1065.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)9.Ijoinedinamarathon

(host)bythecitysportsclub.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)10.Itisthemosturgentthreat(face)ourentirespecies,andweneedtoworkcollectivelytogetherandstopprocrastinating(拖延).(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)11.(notdo)anythinglikethisbefore,Ididn’tknowwhatkindofreactionImightreceive.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)12.Pickingagreatgiftrequires(know)thepersonyou’regivingitto.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)參考答案:1.receiving【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:我期待收到你的來信。短語lookforwardto“期待”中to為介詞,后面跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故填receiving。2.toanswer【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:他用更嚴(yán)厲的語氣重復(fù)了這個(gè)問題,“上帝在哪里!???”男孩再次沒有試圖回答。makenoattempttodosth“沒有試圖做某事”固定短語。故填toanswer。3.looking【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:他從我身邊經(jīng)過,然后轉(zhuǎn)過身來,微笑著看著我??仗幪罘侵^語動(dòng)詞,He與look在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞,作狀語。故填looking。4.beingforced【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意:當(dāng)然,在家進(jìn)行循環(huán)利用是非常重要的。然而,被迫回收利用通常意味著我們已經(jīng)有了比我們需要的更多的材料。分析可知,設(shè)空處為主語,應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式,根據(jù)上下文意思可知是被迫的意思,所以用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),故填beingforced。5.eating【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:許多人發(fā)現(xiàn)情緒會(huì)刺激他們在不餓的時(shí)候吃東西,這往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致他們從營養(yǎng)價(jià)值低的食物中攝入太多卡路里。固定搭配leadto“導(dǎo)致”,to是介詞,后接動(dòng)名詞。故填eating。6.toexplain【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:他們一回來,父親就要求他的兒子解釋他學(xué)到了什么。asksb.todosth.“請某人做某事”,用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,故填toexplain。7.winning【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意:在2016年奧斯卡頒獎(jiǎng)典禮上,迪卡普里奧獲得最佳男主角獎(jiǎng),所有在場的觀眾都印象深刻。結(jié)合句意及空前的DiCaprio’s可知,空處應(yīng)填動(dòng)名詞的形式,此處為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),作主語。故填winning。8.tobeburied【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞和語態(tài)。句意:埃德加國王是1065年葬在這里的第一位君主??仗帒?yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式,monarch與bury之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且monarch之前有thefirst修飾,中心詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)應(yīng)用不定式作后置定語,所以應(yīng)用不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)tobeburied。故填tobeburied。9.hosted【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:我參加了市體育俱樂部舉辦的馬拉松比賽。謂語動(dòng)詞是joined,此處使用非謂語動(dòng)詞,host與marathon是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用過去分詞,作后置定語,表被動(dòng)、完成。故填hosted。10.facing【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:氣候變化是我們所有生物所面臨的最嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn),我們需要通力合作,刻不容緩。分析句子可知,“(face)ourentirespecies”作后置定語,修飾threat,threat與face之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,故填facing。11.Nothavingdone【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:我以前沒有做過這樣的事情,不知道會(huì)得到什么樣的反應(yīng)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,do與邏輯主語I之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞;根據(jù)前半句的時(shí)間狀語before,表明非謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。設(shè)空處在句首,單詞首字母要大寫。故填Nothavingdone。12.knowing【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:挑選一份好禮物是需要了解你將要送禮物的人。固定搭配requiredoingsth.“需要做某事”,動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故填knowing。核心考點(diǎn)梳理(一)非謂語動(dòng)詞的作用句子成分非謂語主語賓語表語補(bǔ)語定語狀語不定式動(dòng)名詞分詞(二)非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)不定式主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)與謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系一般式TodoTobedone動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之后進(jìn)行式Tobedoing與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式TohavedoneTohavebeendone動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)與謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系一般式DoingBeingdone與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式HavingdoneHavingbeendone動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)與謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系一般式DoingBeingdone與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式HavingdoneHavingbeendone動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前(三)非謂語動(dòng)詞的做題步驟1、判定是否用非謂語形式。方法:看看句子中是否已有了謂語動(dòng)詞了。2、找非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語。方法:非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語一般是句子的主語。3、判斷主被動(dòng)關(guān)系。方法:非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語的主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。4、判斷時(shí)間關(guān)系。方法:分析句子,看看非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前、之后還是同時(shí)。之前常用done;之后常用todo;同時(shí)常用doing。(四)非謂語動(dòng)詞的比較一)不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語的比較1、不定式表示一次性的、具體的動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)名詞常表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。Walkingisagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.2、不定式作主語時(shí),常用it作形式主語,即用句型:Itis+adj./n.+(for/ofsb.)todosth.而動(dòng)名詞常用于It+is+nogood,nouse,awasteoftime/money,fun,useless,nice,boring,foolish,worthwhile+doing句型。二)不定式、動(dòng)名詞作賓語的比較1、只能接不定式的動(dòng)詞:口訣:決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望,拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃,同意請求幫一幫。decide(determine),learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help.2、只能接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞:口訣:考慮建議盼原諒,承認(rèn)推遲沒得想。避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練,否認(rèn)完成就欣賞。禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn),不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon;admit,delay,putoff,fancy;avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practise;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;can’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape3、接不定式和接動(dòng)名詞意義不同的動(dòng)詞:remembertodo記得去做rememberdoing記得做過;forgettodo忘記去做forgetdoing忘記做過regrettodo遺憾去做regretdoing后悔做過trytodo設(shè)法去做trydoing試著做,goontodo繼續(xù)做另一件事goondoing繼續(xù)做同一件事meantodo打算做meandoing意味著做stoptodo停下來去做stopdoing停止做can’thelp(to)do不能幫助做can’thelpdoing忍不住做4、要接動(dòng)名詞的幾個(gè)句型:prevent/stop/keepsb./sthfromdoing…(阻止…做)howabout/whataboutdoingspend/wastetime/moneyindoingsth.在…花費(fèi)或浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或錢havesomedifficulty/trouble/problems(in)doing在做…有困難haveahard/goodtime/funindoing做…很艱難或做…很愉快5、動(dòng)詞不定式在but,except后面時(shí),前有do后無tohavenochoicebuttodosth.沒有別的選擇,只好做…can’tchoose/helpbut(只好)can’tbut(只好)6、allow/advise/encourage/forbid/permit/recommend+doing/sbtodo7、sthneed/want/require+doing/tobedonebeworthdoing=beworthy+tobedone/ofbeingdone三)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞作表語的比較1、不定式、動(dòng)名詞作表語,表示主語的內(nèi)容。Myjobisteaching/toteachEnglish.(teaching/toteachEnglish是myjob的內(nèi)容)2、一些表示情感、情緒的動(dòng)詞,常用分詞形式作表語?,F(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)特征,用過去分詞表示主語的狀態(tài)。常用動(dòng)詞:surprise(使某人吃驚),surprising(令人吃驚),surprised(主語)感到吃驚)類似動(dòng)詞有:excite(激動(dòng)),astonish(驚奇),shock(震驚),scare(驚恐),disappoint(失望),move(感動(dòng))3、在be,seem/appear,prove/turnout,remain等連系動(dòng)詞后,可用不定式作表語。四)不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的比較1、不定式作賓補(bǔ)有3種情況:a.可以用帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞常用的有:advise,allow,ask,assign,cause,callon,command,direct,drive,employ,enable,encourage,expect,force,forbid,get,inform,invite,inspire,instruct,lead,order,oblige,permit,persuade,prepare,remind,require,request,recommend,send,teach,tell,tempt,urge,want,warn,wish.b.動(dòng)詞不定式在動(dòng)詞feel(一感),hear,listento(二聽),have,let,make(三讓),notice,see,watch,observe,lookat,witness(五看)(即:吾看三室兩廳一感覺)等后面的補(bǔ)足語中,不定式不帶to,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)后,必須帶to。c.在動(dòng)詞help后可以跟帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ),也可以跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。2、感官動(dòng)詞+sb+do/doing/done/beingdone(分別表示全過程/正在發(fā)生/被動(dòng)完成/正在發(fā)生且表示被動(dòng))感官動(dòng)詞:see/lookat/watch/notice/observe/witness/hear/listento/smell/feel3、表使役或致使的動(dòng)詞后接分詞作賓補(bǔ)的具體情況:動(dòng)詞havekeepgetleavemakecatchsendsetstart現(xiàn)在分詞√√√√×√√√√過去分詞√√√√√××××4、With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):With+賓語+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/todo/doing/done。todo表示將來,doing表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行,done表示被動(dòng)和完成。5、Itissaid/reported/thought/known/believedthat…可轉(zhuǎn)化為:sb/sthbesaid/reported/known/believedtodo/tobedoing/tohavedonesth.五)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞作定語的比較1、在theonly、no、all、any、序數(shù)詞(thefirst/second)、順序詞(thelast,thenext)或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞后接不定式作定語。動(dòng)詞和形容詞后接不定式,其相應(yīng)的名詞后也用不定式作定語。2、不定式作定語時(shí),句子主語就是不定式的邏輯主語時(shí),用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。3、動(dòng)名詞作定語表用途,分詞作定語課轉(zhuǎn)化為定語從句。4、不定式和分詞作定語的區(qū)別:動(dòng)作表將來,主動(dòng)時(shí)用todo動(dòng)作表將來,被動(dòng)時(shí)用tobedone動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,主動(dòng)或不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)用doing動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,被動(dòng)時(shí)用beingdone動(dòng)作已完成,表被動(dòng)時(shí)用done;不及物動(dòng)詞只表動(dòng)作完成。六)不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作狀語的比較1、不定式作目的、原因、結(jié)果狀語1)目的:eg.Shehadtoshouttomakeherselfheard.常見于:todo,inordertodo,soastodo(不用于句首)2)原因:不定式常放在表示情緒反應(yīng)的形容詞后。如:happy,sorry,glad,sad,surprised,disappointed.如:Iamsorrytohearthatyourfatherisill.3)結(jié)果:常用onlytodo…來表示末曾預(yù)料到或令人不快的情況,其動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之后。另外,固定結(jié)構(gòu):too…todo,enoughtodo,so/such…astodo中,不定式也作結(jié)果狀語。4)在形容詞后作狀語,只用不定式如:Thebookiseasytoread.(=Itiseasytoreadthebook.)2、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞可作時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式、原因、結(jié)果、伴隨狀語。分詞作狀語時(shí),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。分詞作狀語時(shí)可分為以下幾種形式:*doing:用來表示主動(dòng),且前后動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。*havingdone:表示主動(dòng),且動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前*beingdone:表示被動(dòng),且前后動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行*done:表示被動(dòng)且完成*havingbeendone:用來表示被動(dòng),且動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前3、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同,它獨(dú)立存在。①.名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞:例如:Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.②.名詞(代詞)+過去分詞:例如:Thetestfinished(=Whenthetestwasfinished),webeganourholiday.③.名詞(代詞)+不定式:在“名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中,動(dòng)詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞如果存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,動(dòng)詞不定式則用主動(dòng)的形式;如果是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,則用被動(dòng)形式。Manytrees,flowers,andgrasstobeplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.④.名詞(代詞)+形容詞:例如:Computersverysmall,wecanusethemwide⑤.名詞(代詞)+副詞:Themeetingover,ourheadmastersoonleftthemeetingroom.⑥.名詞(代詞)+名詞:例如:Hisfirstshotfailure,hefiredagain.⑦.名詞(代詞)+介詞短語:例如:Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.⑧.Therebeing+名詞(代詞)如:Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.⑨.Itbeing+名詞(代詞)如:ItbeingChristmas,thegovernmentofficeswereclosed.當(dāng)堂知識(shí)檢測1.Thehouses______fortherefugeesintheearthquakehavealreadybeencompleted.A.designed B.designing C.todesign D.havingdesigned2.Hehadtospeakinaloudvoiceinordertomakehimself________.A.hear B.hearingC.heard D.tobeheard3.—Youlooksoworried.What’sthematter?—Idon’tknow________theseboringproblems.A.whattodealwith B.howtodowithC.whatcanIdowith D.howtodealwith4.—Watchout!Boy,don’tjumptheredlight!—Whatdidyousay,sir?—Itoldyou________outand________theredlight.A.watched,didn’tjump B.watch,notjumpC.towatch,notjump D.towatch,nottojump5.Heisreported________thenovelaboutChinaatpresent.A.writing B.tohavewritten C.tobewriting D.havingwritten6.Thefourcountriesusethesameflag,astheUnionJack,andsharethesamecurrency.A.knowing B.toknow C.known D.wasknown7.Thegirl________inredismyseconddaughter.A.dressing B.dressedherself C.dressed D.isdressed8.Nearlyallthepeople________believeconfidenceisthekeytosuccess.A.interviewing B.interviewed C.havinginterviewed D.tointerview9.Amagicalformofself-expressionforyoungchildrenisdesignedto____theirloveofmusicandperforming.A.respect B.permit C.observe D.inspire10.Ihadmyeyes______.A.examining B.toexamine C.examined D.havingexamined11.________tocomputergames,theboyhaslostallinterestinhislessons.A.Addicted B.HavingaddictedC.Addicting D.Addict12.Wehavenoalternativebut________hardnow.A.work B.towork C.worked D.working13.________withalongstick,Imanagedtodefendmyselfagainstthebigdog.A.Armed B.Arming C.Arm D.Arms14.Anannouncement,_____bytheMinistryseemedtocontradictthis.A.makes B.making C.made D.havingmade15.TheplaywasdirectedbyMikeJohnson,_____bySharonGale.A.a(chǎn)ssisting B.a(chǎn)ssisted C.a(chǎn)ssists D.toassist16.MartinLutherKing,thegreatBlackleaderinthemovementagainstracialdiscrimination,was_____theNobelPrizeforpeaceforhisoutstandingcontributiontoworldpeace.A.rewarded B.a(chǎn)warded C.a(chǎn)ccepted D.granted17.Theproject,_____bytheendof2010,willexpandthecity’stelephonenetworktocover1,000,000users.A.a(chǎn)ccomplished B.beingaccomplishedC.tobeaccomplished D.havingbeenaccomplished18.Afterthreemonthsofhardwork,mysonmanagedto_____hisclassmatesinmath.A.beaheadof B.a(chǎn)headofC.over D.theheadof19.It’srainingoutside.Pleasewipeyourshoesonthecarpet________inthehallbeforecomingin.A.lay B.laid C.lied D.lain20.IworkhardandIthinkIdeserve______.A.tobewellpaid B.topaywell C.beingwellpaid D.wellpaying21.Thenewly-publishedbook,mainly______useincollege,isabest-sellerthisyear.A.designedfor B.designedto C.designingfor D.designingto22.Thecentrewasboughtwithmoney_______byformerBeatle,GeorgeHarrison.A.donating B.donated C.todonate D.havingdonated23.—Canyoubringforwardabettersolution?—ThisisthebestapproachIcanimagine________theprojectaheadofschedule.A.completing B.tocompleting C.tocomplete D.completed24.Wewalkedalongwaytothelibrary,only________thatitwasclosedbecauseoftheCovid-19.A.finding B.found C.tofind D.havingfound25.MichelleWuisthefirstwomanandthefirstpersonofcolor________mayorinBoston.A.toelect B.electing C.tobeelected D.havingbeenelected26.Sarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyoucan'thavetimeto________beforetheparty.A.getchanged B.getchange C.getchanging D.gettochange27.WhenMarkTwainwasyounghedid________hecould________.A.a(chǎn)ll;earnhisleaving B.what;earnhislivingC.a(chǎn)ll;toearnhisliving D.what;earninghisliving28.Inourcompany,wearenotallowed________whileweareworking.A.talking B.talked C.totalk D.beingtalked29.Withtheproblems________,thenewlyelectedpresidentishavingahardtimenow.A.solve B.solved C.solving D.tosolve30.Jackexplainedagainandagainbutcouldn’tmakehimself________.A.understand B.understandingC.understood D.haveunderstood31.—Ifailedagain.—Whynotexplain______youhavedoneyourbest?A.him B.himthat C.that D.tohim32.Thedog,________,willmakeagoodwatchdog.A.totrainproperly B.trainingproperlyC.properlytotrain D.trainedproperly33.________deepdownintheearth,thedeadforestsrottedawayandbecamecoal.A.Buried B.Burying C.Tobury D.Beingburied34.________fromaspaceship,theearthisablue,greenandwhiteball.A.Seeing B.Seen C.Tosee D.Saw35.Deepintothenight,thethiefsuccessfully________outofthegallery________.A.slipped;unnoticed B.slid;unnoticedlyC.slipped;unnoticedly D.slid;unnoticed36.Icouldn’tunderstandthelanguage________inthatcountry.A.tocover B.speaking C.tobespoken D.spoken37.________25yearsagonextmonth,theclubisholdingapartyforpastandpresentmembers.A.Tobeformed B.Havingformed C.Formed D.Forming38.WhenTomheardthatthefthadhappenedinhiscommunity,hehurriedhome,onlytofindhishouse________.A.hadbrokeninto B.hasbeenbrokenintoC.brokeninto D.beingbrokeninto39.Themovie________J.K.Rowling’sHotterandtheGobletofFirewasputononNovember18thisyear.A.basingon B.basedon C.beingbasedon D.tobebasedon40.________inthenewspaper,Ididn’tnoticewhatwashappening.A.Havingburied B.Burying C.Buried D.Tobeburied41.Hisdriver,________fortheaccident,hadnotbeendrivingcarefully.A.blamed B.beingblamed C.tobeblamed D.blaming42.Shegotoffthebus,________withtwoheavysuitcases.A.burdening B.burdened C.burden D.toburden43.Thepolicehavecollectedsomeinformation________themurder.A.connectedby B.connectedwithC.connectingwith D.wasconnectedwith44.________traininghisdaughterinEnglish,heputanadlikethisinthepaper,“________,anEnglishteacherforaten--year-oldgirl.”A.Benton;Wanted B.Benton;WantingC.Bendon;Wanted D.Bendon;Wanting45.Thegraduates_____intothecompanyusuallyreceivestricttrainingbeforetheystarttowork.A.a(chǎn)ccepted B.a(chǎn)ccepting C.a(chǎn)dmitted D.a(chǎn)dmitting46.Tohelpyourchildrendowellinschool,itisimportantforyoutogetintheireducationandtheirlives.A.involving B.involvedC.tobeinvolved D.toinvolve47.Much_____bythestoryofCongFei,Iamalsodeterminedtobeavolunteerworker.A.a(chǎn)ffected B.a(chǎn)ffecting C.a(chǎn)dmired D.effected48.Theteachergotvery_____whentheboystudentrefusedtoanswerhisquestion.A.a(chǎn)nnoying B.a(chǎn)nnoyed C.tobeannoyed D.beingannoyed49.Thisisawell_____hotel.A.a(chǎn)ccommodating B.a(chǎn)ccommodated C.a(chǎn)ccommodation D.a(chǎn)ccommodate50.—Thankyouforkeepingme_____ofeverythingthat’shappening.—Don’tmentionit.A.inform B.informed C.informing D.information參考答案:1.A【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:為地震中受災(zāi)的難民設(shè)計(jì)的房子已經(jīng)建好了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),謂語動(dòng)詞為havebeencompleted,故空處需要填非謂語的形式;主語Thehouses和動(dòng)詞design是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故空處需要填過去分詞作后置定語。故選A項(xiàng)。2.C【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:他不得不大聲說話,以便讓別人聽到他的聲音。由句意可知,此處應(yīng)是“使他自己被聽到”,用“make+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu),賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用過去分詞。故選C。3.D【詳解】考查固定短語。句意:——你看起來很擔(dān)心。怎么了?——我不知道如何處理這些無聊的問題。此處為疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu),作賓語,how與dealwith搭配,what與dowith搭配。C選項(xiàng)語序錯(cuò)誤,故選D。4.D【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意:——小心!孩子,別闖紅燈!——你說什么,先生?——我告訴過你要當(dāng)心,不要闖紅燈。tellsbtodosth“告訴某人做某事”,tellsbnottodosth“告訴某人不做某事”。故選D項(xiàng)。5.C【詳解】考查不定式的時(shí)態(tài)。句意:據(jù)報(bào)道,他目前正在寫關(guān)于中國的小說。sb./sth.bereported后需接不定式todo,由atpresent可知表示“目前正在做”,因而用不定式的進(jìn)行式。故選C?!军c(diǎn)睛】6.C【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:這四個(gè)國家使用相同的國旗,即所謂的英國國旗,并且使用相同的貨幣。分析可知,句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞use,空處和謂語use沒有連詞,所以空白處應(yīng)用非謂語。beknownas“作為……而聞名”,句子主語Thefourcountries與動(dòng)詞know為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以此處用過去分詞known,故選C。7.C【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:穿紅衣服的女孩是我的二女兒。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞,所以用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。bedressedin穿著……衣服,在句中作定語,修飾名詞girl,所以用過去分詞形式。故選C。8.B【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:幾乎被采訪的所有人都認(rèn)為信心是成功的關(guān)鍵。分析句子成分,謂語動(dòng)詞為空后believe,故空處需要用到非謂語的形式,作定語;結(jié)合句意,題干并不強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞之間的先后關(guān)系;主語People與非謂語動(dòng)詞interview構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,指“被采訪的人”,故需要用過去分詞done的形式表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選B項(xiàng)。9.D【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:一種神奇的兒童自我表達(dá)形式旨在激發(fā)他們對(duì)音樂和表演的熱愛。A.respect尊重,仰慕;B.permit允許;C.observe觀察,遵守,慶祝;D.inspire激勵(lì),啟發(fā)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里需要表示“激發(fā),鼓舞”對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞。故選D。10.C【詳解】考查賓語補(bǔ)足語。句意:我檢查了眼睛。分析句意可知,此處使用了使役動(dòng)詞+賓語+補(bǔ)語的結(jié)構(gòu),呈現(xiàn)為havesth.done“使某事被做”,即說話人使自己的眼睛被檢查,用examined“檢查”符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。11.A【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:他沉迷于電腦游戲,對(duì)功課已經(jīng)完成沒有興趣了。空格處應(yīng)作狀語,且提示詞與此邏輯主語theboy之間為被動(dòng)邏輯關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式,beaddictedtosth為固定搭配,意為“沉迷于;入迷的”,故選A。12.B【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:現(xiàn)在除了努力工作,我們別無選擇。havenoalternativebuttodosth為固定搭配,表示“除了……之外,別無選擇”,此處應(yīng)用todo不定式。故選B項(xiàng)。13.A【詳解】考查固定短語。句意:我拿著一根長棍子,設(shè)法保護(hù)自己不受那條大狗的攻擊。分析句意再根據(jù)空格后的with可知,此處用固定短語armedwith作狀語,表示“配備有……”符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。14.C【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:外交部制定的一項(xiàng)聲明似乎與此相矛盾。分析句子可知,空格處為make作定語,修飾announcement,句子主語和make之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用過去分詞形式。故選C項(xiàng)。15.B【詳解】考查非謂語。句意:該劇由邁克·約翰遜導(dǎo)演,沙倫·蓋爾為助理導(dǎo)演。分析句子成分,空處要填非謂語動(dòng)詞,邏輯主語Theplay和assist之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以要用過去分詞的形式,即assisted。故答案為B。16.B【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:馬丁·路德·金,反對(duì)種族歧視運(yùn)動(dòng)的偉大黑人領(lǐng)袖,因其對(duì)世界和平的杰出貢獻(xiàn)被授予諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)。A.rewarded獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),獎(jiǎng)賞;B.awarded授予,獎(jiǎng)勵(lì);C.accepted接受,認(rèn)可;D.granted同意,準(zhǔn)予。分析可知,后文“theNobelPrizeforpeace”意為“諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)”,因此,應(yīng)是“beawardedfor…”,意為“因……獲得獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)”。故選B項(xiàng)。17.C【詳解】考查不定式。句意:該項(xiàng)目將于2010年底完成,屆時(shí)將擴(kuò)大該市的電話網(wǎng)絡(luò),覆蓋100萬用戶。分析可知,設(shè)空處為非謂語,表將要,應(yīng)用不定式,theproject和accomplish之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài),故選C。18.A【詳解】考查不定式后接動(dòng)詞原形。句意:經(jīng)過三個(gè)月的努力學(xué)習(xí),我兒子的數(shù)學(xué)成績超過了同班同學(xué)。根據(jù)句意和空格前的managedto分析句子可知,不定式后面應(yīng)該接動(dòng)詞原形,所以應(yīng)該用beaheadof(超過)。B項(xiàng)中的aheadof是介詞短語;C項(xiàng)中的over是副詞;D項(xiàng)中的theheadof是名詞短語。故選A項(xiàng)。19.B【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:外面在下雨,進(jìn)來時(shí)請首先在廳里的墊子上擦擦鞋。laid是lay的過去分詞,意為“放置”在句中作后置定語,與carpet是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選B。20.A【詳解】考查固定短語。句意:我工作很努力,我認(rèn)為我應(yīng)該得到高薪。短語deservetobedone=deservedoing,表示“值得某事”。故選A。21.A【詳解】考查固定搭配和非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:這本新出版的書主要是為了在大學(xué)里使用而設(shè)計(jì)的,是今年的暢銷書。句中有謂語is,此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式作后置定語,修飾Thenewly-publishedbook,且Thenewly-publishedbook和design之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用過去分詞形式,且句子中的use為名詞,故用designedfor,bedesignedfor“為……而設(shè)計(jì)的”,bedesignedtodo“被設(shè)計(jì)用來做某事”。故選A。22.B【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:該中心是用前披頭士成員喬治·哈里森的捐款購買的。分析句子可知,donate(捐贈(zèng))作后置定語修飾名詞money,是非謂語動(dòng)詞,與其邏輯主語money之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且“捐贈(zèng)”已經(jīng)完成,所以應(yīng)用過去分詞,表示被動(dòng)和完成。故選B項(xiàng)。23.B【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞和短語。句意:——你能提出一個(gè)更好的解決方案嗎?——這是我能想到的提前完成項(xiàng)目的最好辦法。A.completing完成(動(dòng)名詞);B.tocompleting完成(介詞+動(dòng)名詞);C.tocomplete完成(動(dòng)詞不定式);D.completed完成(過去分詞)。觀察句子可知,答語中“Icanimagine”為定語從句,approach“方法”為先行詞,此題考查theapproachtodoingsth.,表示:做……的方法。故選B項(xiàng)。24.C【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:我們走了很長的路來到圖書館,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)它因?yàn)橐咔殛P(guān)門了。根據(jù)上下文意思可知,我們走了很長的路來到圖書館是想進(jìn)去看書或者買書,而圖書館關(guān)門卻在我們意料之外。用動(dòng)詞不定式短語可以表達(dá)出乎意料的結(jié)果,故選C項(xiàng)。25.C【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:MichelleWu是波士頓第一位當(dāng)選市長的女性和非白種人。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中已含有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞,且沒有連接詞,此處需使用非謂語動(dòng)詞,thefirstwomanandthefirstpersonofcolor有序數(shù)詞修飾,后使用不定式作后置定語,且thefirstwomanandthefirstpersonofcolor與elect之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,要使用不定式的被動(dòng)形式,故選擇C項(xiàng)。26.A【詳解】考查固定用法。句意:Sarah,快點(diǎn)。恐怕你在聚會(huì)前沒有時(shí)間換衣服了。havetimetodosth,為固定用法,意為“有時(shí)間做某事”,而getchanged為固定短語,意為“換衣服”。故選A項(xiàng)。27.C【詳解】考查代詞及非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:馬克·吐溫年輕的時(shí)候,為了謀生,他竭盡全力。分析句子可知,空1應(yīng)填代詞all,作did的賓語,(that)hecould(do)作定語從句修飾all;空2應(yīng)使用to引導(dǎo)的不定式,作目的狀語。故選C項(xiàng)。28.C【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:在我們公司,我們工作時(shí)不允許說話。allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事,這里用其被動(dòng)形式sb.beallowedtodosth.。故選C。29.D【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)面臨著許多需要解決的問題?!皐ith+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”為固定用法,空處需用非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,此處表示“將要被解決”,需用動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。故選D。30.C【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:杰克一遍又一遍地解釋,但無法使別人理解他??仗帒?yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式做賓語補(bǔ)足語,himself和動(dòng)詞understand(理解)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用過去分詞做賓補(bǔ),故選C。31.D【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞固定搭配。句意:——我又失敗了?!獮槭裁床幌蛩忉屇阋呀?jīng)盡力了?“向某人解釋……”用explainsthtosb或者expaintosb+從句。由句意以及空后的“youhavedoneyourbest”可知此句應(yīng)為“Whynotexplaintohimthatyouhavedoneyourbest?”,在句中that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作賓語,that可以省略,故選D。32.D【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:這只狗,適當(dāng)?shù)乇挥?xùn)練,將會(huì)是一只很好的看家狗。分析句子可知,空處作狀語,與邏輯主語Thedog是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用過去分詞表示被動(dòng),properly是副詞作狀語,修飾trained,故選D。33.A【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:深埋在地下,死去的林區(qū)腐爛成煤。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),rotted和became是句子謂語,空處作非謂語動(dòng)詞,bury與邏輯主語thedeadforests之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用過去分詞形式作狀語。故選A項(xiàng)。34.B【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:從宇宙飛船上,地球是一個(gè)藍(lán)色,綠色和白色的球。分析句子可知,see用作非謂語動(dòng)詞,與邏輯主語theearth是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用過去分詞作狀語,故選B。35.A【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析和非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:深夜,小偷成功地溜出了畫廊,沒有引起任何人的注意。slipoutof溜出,溜走;slide多指悄悄地滑動(dòng)。unnoticed在句中作非謂語動(dòng)詞,與邏輯主語thethief之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞作伴隨狀語。故選A。36.D【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:我無法理解那個(gè)國家講的語言。分析句子可知,speak作定語,修飾thelanguage,language和speak之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用過去分詞作定語,故選D。37.C【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:下個(gè)月,25年前成立的俱樂部將為過去和現(xiàn)在的會(huì)員舉行聚會(huì)。逗號(hào)前的內(nèi)容在句中為狀語,句子主語theclub和動(dòng)詞form為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以此處用過去分詞,故選C。38.C【詳解】考查過去分詞短語。句意:當(dāng)湯姆聽說他所在的社區(qū)發(fā)生了盜竊時(shí),他急忙回家,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他的房子被人闖入了。此處考查“find+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu),賓語hishouse與動(dòng)詞短語breakinto是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ),即發(fā)現(xiàn)家被闖入。B選項(xiàng)中應(yīng)把has改成had。故選C。39.B【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:根據(jù)J·K·羅琳的小說《哈利波特與火焰杯》改編的電影《哈利波特與火焰杯》于今年11月18日上映。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處修飾movie,且句中的themovie和baseon之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用過去分詞,作后置定語。故選B項(xiàng)。40.C【詳解】考查過去分詞作狀語。句意:專心看報(bào),他沒注意到發(fā)生了什么。根據(jù)句意和選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容可知,空格處應(yīng)該用bury的非謂語形式作狀語;根據(jù)bury一詞的用法,“專心于”翻譯為beburiedin,“我專心看報(bào)”應(yīng)該翻譯為Iwasburiedinthenewspaper,所以句子的主語I和動(dòng)詞bury之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用過去分詞buried作狀語。故選C項(xiàng)。41.A【詳解】考查過去分詞。句意:因?yàn)槭鹿识艿搅素?zé)備的他的司機(jī)沒有仔細(xì)開車。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,blame作為非謂語動(dòng)詞使用,與句子主語driver之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過去分詞短語作后置定語修飾driver,表示被動(dòng)和完成。故選A項(xiàng)。42.B【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:她提著兩只沉重的手提箱下了公共汽車。根據(jù)句意和選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容分析句子可知,空格處應(yīng)該用burden的非謂語形式作狀語,根據(jù)burden一詞的用法,“她提著兩只沉重的手提箱”翻譯為Shewasburdenedwithtwoheavysuitcases.所以,句子的主語she和動(dòng)詞burden之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)該用過去分詞burdened,作狀語。故選B項(xiàng)。43.B【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:警察已收集了一些與謀殺有關(guān)的信息。beconnectedwith...固定搭配,意為“與……有聯(lián)系”,beconnectedby“由……連接”,connect...with...“將……與……聯(lián)系起來”。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示“與……有聯(lián)系”,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子已有謂語havecollected,且前后無連詞,此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語,修飾名詞information,且connect和information是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語,故選B。44.A【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:為了訓(xùn)練女兒英語,他在報(bào)紙上登了這樣一則廣告:“為十歲女孩招聘一名英語教師。”分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空①空②均應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式,短語bebentondoingsth.意為“決心要做……,一心想做……”,固定搭配,所以空①應(yīng)用過去分詞短語作狀語,其邏輯主語為he;anEnglishteacher與動(dòng)詞want之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以空②應(yīng)用過去分詞,表被動(dòng)。故選A項(xiàng)。45.C【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析和非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:被公司錄取的畢業(yè)生在開始工作前通常要接受嚴(yán)格的培訓(xùn)。A.accepted被接受;B.accepting正接受;C.admitted被錄??;

admitting正承認(rèn)。admitsb.to/into…“接受某人(成為其會(huì)員)”,其被動(dòng)式為sb.beadmittedto/into…,本題中此結(jié)構(gòu)用作定語,相當(dāng)于whoareadmittedintothecompany。故選C。46.B【詳解】考查形容詞。句意:為了幫助你的孩子在學(xué)校取得好成績,你參與他們的教育和生活是很重要的。getinvolvedin意為“參與,專注于”,固定搭配。故選B項(xiàng)。47.A【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析和非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:被叢飛的故事所感動(dòng),我也決心做一名志愿者。A.affected影響、使感動(dòng);B.affecting影響;C.admired欽佩;D.effected引起。beaffectedby“被……所感動(dòng)、受……影響”,I與affect之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,用過去分詞作狀語,故選A。48.B【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)男學(xué)生拒絕回答他的問題,老師很生氣。分析句子可知,此處應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語,結(jié)合句意可知,此處表示的是狀態(tài),且主語與annoy為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,annoyed也可看作是形容詞作表語,表示句子主語的狀態(tài),所以使用過去分詞。故選B項(xiàng)。49.B【詳解】考查過去分詞。句意:這是一家住宿條件很好的旅館。分析句子可知,此處為非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語,hotel和accommodate之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過去分詞作定語修飾hotel。故選B項(xiàng)。50.B【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:—謝謝你告訴我發(fā)生的每件事?!?jiǎng)e客氣。根據(jù)所給句子分析可知,此處為非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ),賓語me與inform是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此需要使用過去分詞形式informed。故選B。課后鞏固提高用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.BigSister’sWeddingThreedaysbeforethewedding,GrandAuntpersonallyentrustedaspecialsmallpackageforAuntBabatohandtoBigSister.On1(open)theelegantleathercaseinAuntBaba’sroom,BigSisterfoundalovelypendant(吊墜)madeofancientgreenjadehangingonaheavygoldchain.Sheimmediatelyputitonandbreathedwithpleasurewhilesheadmired2inthemirror.ThenshebeggedAuntBabaandmenottomentionGrandAunt’sgifttoasoul,obviouslyintendingtokeepthependant3tellingNiang.TheweddingwasaformalandbrilliantaffairwithaceremonialdinnerpartyforfivehundredinthegrandballroomontheninthflooroftheCathayHotel,4(situate)attheborderoftheBundandfashionableNanjingRoadandoverlookingtheHuangpuRiver.Theroom5(fill)withmassesoffreshflowers,andtheChinesecharacterfordoublehappinesswasoutlinedinredbloomsagainstthewall.BigSisterwaselegantlydressedinabeautifulpinkQipaoandsilvershoes6Samuelworeatuxedo(燕尾服).Twoprofessionalradiocomediansactedasmastersofceremonies.IhadnothingtowearbutanoldpinkQipao7hadbeenhandeddownbyBigSisterwhenshegrewoutofit.8Ididn’tlookparticularlynice,atleastIdidn’tstandoutandnoonenoticedme.Mythreeolderbrothers,however,werehavingahorribletime.Forthisspecialoccasion,Fatherorderedthem9(have)freshhair-cuts.Mybrothers’headswereshavedcleanly,sonotatraceofhair10(remain).Theywerewearingdark-blue,traditional,longChineseclotheswithhighcollarsandclothbuttons.IthoughtthebrotherswouldmakealotofunexpectedthingsontheBigSister’swedding.Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.LazinessandLackofSleepCanShortenYourLife,EspeciallyWhenCombinedYoualreadyknowthatsmokingisbadforyouandthatdrinkingtoomuchalcoholmayshortenyourlife.Nowanewstudysaysthatspendingtoomuchtimeinachairandnothavingenoughsleepshouldjoinashortlistofbehaviors11(know)toincreaseyourriskofprematuredeath.Sittingforalongtimeandlackofsleepweredamagingintheirownway,butwhencombinedwithmoretraditionalriskfactors,12hadamultipliereffectthatmadeanearlydeathfarmorelikely.Thefindings,publishedinthejournalPLOSMedicine,makeclearthat“someriskbehaviorstendtocometogetherand13thejointriskcouldbemuchhigherthanthesumoftheindividualrisks”.Forinstance,smokingwas14(dangerous)singleriskfactoramongthesixstudied.Thesmallnumberofpeoplefor15smokingwastheironlybadhabitwere90percentmorelikelytodieduringthecourseofthestudythanpeoplewhowerewithpracticalcleanlivingineveryaspect.Peoplewhoreportedhighalcoholconsumptionastheironlyriskfactordidnotseem16(put)theirlivesindanger.Butforthosewhocombinedheavydrinkingwithsmoking,theriskofprematuredeathwasdoubled.Andwhenlackofsleep17(add)tothemix,thelikelihoodofanearlydeathwasnearlyfivetimesgreater18lackofsleepbyitselfhadonlyalighteffectondeath.Thesenumbersarebasedonthelivesof231,048Australians.19(consider)f

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