【沖刺2021】2021屆高三英語總復(fù)習(xí)(高考模擬專版)匯編：C單元-閱讀理解(C8-科普知識(shí)類)

C8科普學(xué)問類【英語卷·2022屆江蘇省徐州市第一中學(xué)（徐州市）高三考前模擬（202205）】C8Grasshoppersarehavingtochangetheirsong—oneoftheiconicsoundsofsummer—tomakethemselvesheardabovethenoiseofroadtraffic,ecologistshavediscovered.Thestudy,publishedintheBritishEcologicalSociety'sjournalFunctionalEcology,isthefirsttoshowthathuman-madenoiseaffectsnaturalinsectpopulations.Animalsusesoundtocommunicateformanyreasons,includingmarkingoutterritory,warningofpredatorsandfindingmates,andalthoughpreviousresearchshowsbirds,whalesandevenfrogschangetheircallsinnoisyenvironments,theimpactofhuman-madenoiseoninsectshasbeenneglecteduntilnow.UlrikeLampeandcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofBielefeldinGermanycaught188malebow-wingedgrasshoppers,halffromquietlocationsandhalffrombesidebusyroads.Thegrasshoppersusetheirsongtoattractmates.

Theteamthenstudiedthedifferencesinthetwogroups'songsinthelaboratory.Toencouragethemtosingtheyexposedthemalestoafemalegrasshopper,andthenrecordedtheircourtshipsongs.Analysisofalmost1,000recordingsrevealedgrasshopperslivingbesidenoisyroadsproduceddifferentsongstothoselivinginquieterlocations.

AccordingtoLampe:"Bow-wingedgrasshoppersproducesongsthatincludelowandhighfrequencycomponents.Wefoundthatgrasshoppersfromnoisyhabitatsincreasethevolumeofthelower-frequencypartoftheirsong,whichmakessensesinceroadnoisecanmasksignalsinthispartofthefrequencyspectrum(頻譜)."

Theteam'sfindingsareimportantbecausetrafficnoisecouldbeupsettingthegrasshopper'smatingsystem(交配系統(tǒng))."Increasednoiselevelscouldaffectgrasshoppercourtshipinseveralways.Itcouldpreventfemalesfromhearingmalecourtshipsongsproperly,preventfemalesfromrecognisingmalesoftheirownspecies,orimpairfemales'abilitytoestimatehowattractiveamaleisfromhissong,"Lampeexplains.

Havingdiscoveredthathuman-madenoiseaffectsinsectcommunication,theresearchersnowwanttolearnmoreabouthowthemechanismworks,andwhetherthegrasshoppersadapttonoiseduringtheirdevelopmentaslarvae（幼蟲）,orwhethermalesfromnoisyhabitatsproducedifferentsongsduetogeneticdifferences.

Thebow-wingedgrasshopperisacommonspeciesinCentralEurope.AdultsoccurmainlybetweenJulyandSeptember,preferringdrygrasslands.Around1.5cmlong,theyvaryincolourfromgreenandbrownstoredandpurple.Themale'ssongconsistsof2second-longphrasesthatincreaseinamplitude(振幅)towardstheend.Thebeginningofaphraseischaracterisedbyslowertickingsoundsthatincreaseinspeedandamplitude,leadingtoabuzzingsoundtowardstheendofthephrase.Acourtshipsongusuallyincludes2phrases.63.Theauthorwrotethearticleto_________________.A.introducehowgrasshoppersmakenoisestoattractmates.B.raisetheawarenessofprotectingbow-wingedgrasshoppers.C.informusofarecentdiscoveryofecologicalresearch.D.warnusthathuman-madenoisehaschangedecologicalsystem.64.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethemainideaofthepassage?A.Bow-wingedgrasshoppersusetheirsongstocommunicate.B.Grasshopperschangetheirsongstoadapttothenoisyenvironment.C.Grasshoppers’songsincludebothlowandhighfrequencycomponents.D.Bow-wingedgrasshoppersareacommonspeciesinCentralEurope.65.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impair”inthefourthparagraphmean?A.repairB.developC.weakenD.improve66.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingthepassage?A.Roadnoisecancoverthelower-frequencypartoftheirsong.B.Animalsmakesoundsonlyforthepurposeoffindingmates.C.Grasshopperlarvaelearntoadapttohuman-madenoise.D.Bow-wingedgrasshoppersgrowupintoadultsinspring.【答案】63.C解析：寫作意圖依據(jù)第Thestudy,publishedintheBritishEcologicalSociety'sjournalFunctionalEcology,isthefirsttoshowthathuman-madenoiseaffectsnaturalinsectpopulations.可知目的是向我們介紹一個(gè)爭辯成果，故選C項(xiàng)。64.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段提到Thestudy,publishedintheBritishEcologicalSociety'sjournalFunctionalEcology,isthefirsttoshowthathuman-madenoiseaffectsnaturalinsectpopulations.可知選B項(xiàng)。65.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段提到Itcouldpreventfemalesfromhearingmalecourtshipsongsproperly,preventfemalesfromrecognisingmalesoftheirownspecies,orimpairfemales'abilitytoestimatehowattractiveamaleisfromhissong假如阻擋雄性聽到雌性的歌曲，或減弱他們的力氣來評(píng)估一下雌性對(duì)雄性的吸引力，故選C項(xiàng)。66.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。依據(jù)第三段提到Wefoundthatgrasshoppersfromnoisyhabitatsincreasethevolumeofthelower-frequencypartoftheirsong,whichmakessensesinceroadnoisecanmasksignalsinthispartofthefrequencyspectrum(頻譜)."可知選A項(xiàng)。【解析英語卷·2022屆湖南省長沙市高考模擬試卷（二模）試題（202204）】C8Humansaren’ttheonlyonesgettingabuzzfromcoffee.Caffeinecanimprovememoryamonghoneybeesandleadtobetterpollination(授粉).AccordingtoarecentstudypublishedinthejournalScience.ThestudywasconductedbyateamofresearchersatNewcastleUniversityintheUnitedKingdom.Theyfoundthatthenectar(花蜜)ofsomeflowers,suchasthosefromgrapefruitandlemonplants,aswellascertaincoffeeflowers,containslowdosesofcaffeine.Togetbeestofeedontheseflowers,theteamtrainedtheinsectstoassociatefoodwiththesmelloftheflowers.Theyalsotrainedanothergroupofbeestofeedonnectarfromflowersthatweresweetenedwithasugar,butdidnotcontaincaffeine.After24hours,thebeestrainedoncaffeinatedflowersreturnedtotheseplantsthreetimesasoftenasthosetrainedonthesweetenedflowersreturnedtotheuncaffeinatedplants.ProfessorGeraldineWrightledtheresearchers.“Rememberingfloraltraits(花部特征)isdifficultforbeestoperformatafastpaceastheyflyfromflowertoflowerandwefoundthatcaffeinehelpsthebeerememberwheretheflowersare,”Wrightsaidinastatement.Improvedmemoryledtothebetterpollination.That’sbecauseoncebeessipthecaffeinenectar,theycontinuetolookformorecoffeeplantstopollinate.Thisalsosuggeststhatcaffeineplaysaroleinimprovingthebees’abilitytosearchforfood.Researchersfoundthatcaffeine’seffectonthebeebrainissimilartoitseffectonmammals.“Thechangeissimilartothatproducedbycaffeineinneurons(神經(jīng)元)”associatedwithlearningandmemoryintheratbrain,”Wrightsaid.56.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?A.Caffeinehasnoeffectontheratbrain.B.Beepopulationhasbeenincreasing.C.Thenectaroflemonplantscontainscaffeine.D.Beesdislikenectarfromsweetenedflowers.解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。依據(jù)其次段其次句話：Theyfoundthatthenectar(花蜜)ofsomeflowers,suchasthosefromgrapefruitandlemonplants,aswellascertaincoffeeflowers,containslowdosesofcaffeine.可以推斷答案選C。技巧點(diǎn)撥：細(xì)節(jié)題確定要依據(jù)選項(xiàng)和題干定位出文章中的具體依據(jù)，然后進(jìn)行認(rèn)真比對(duì)。正確選項(xiàng)就是對(duì)原文的同義改寫或替換。57.Afterreadingthepassage,John,whoworksinthefarmingindustry,willprobablyfeel________.A.annoyed B.angry C.nervous D.excited解析：態(tài)度推斷題，依據(jù)文章最終一段可知，蜜蜂對(duì)生態(tài)和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)有比較大的影響，所以當(dāng)John讀完這篇文章后當(dāng)然是excited了，生活有期望了。選D。技巧點(diǎn)撥：作者的態(tài)度傾憧憬往隱含在文章中，而不會(huì)明確說明，因此態(tài)度傾向題也是比較有難度的推理推斷題型。這類題目一般分為兩類：一是作者對(duì)某一具體事物的觀點(diǎn)、看法；另一類是作者對(duì)某一人、物的評(píng)價(jià)。談?wù)撐幕蛴洈⑽耐疾樽髡叩膽B(tài)度傾向。假如是論文，應(yīng)當(dāng)抓住作者的論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)；假如是記敘文，應(yīng)當(dāng)特殊留意作者總結(jié)性的文字(文章最終，所提事物描述的后面)。58.Whichofthefollowingrelationshipiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?A.improvedmemory—caffeinenectar—betterpollinationB.caffeinenectar—improvedmemory—betterpollinationC.improvedmemory—betterpollination—caffeinenectarD.caffeinenectar—betterpollination—improvedmemory解析：細(xì)節(jié)排序題，查看先后挨次，依據(jù)第三段（caffeinehelpsthebeerememberwheretheflowersare,）、和第四段第一句話（Improvedmemoryledtothebetterpollination.），可知答案選B。技巧點(diǎn)撥：細(xì)節(jié)題確定要依據(jù)選項(xiàng)和題干定位出文章中的具體依據(jù)，然后進(jìn)行認(rèn)真比對(duì)。從而確定挨次。59.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat________.A.theratisamammal B.caffeinehasnothingtodowithmemoryC.beesaregoodatrememberingfloraltraits D.GeraldineWrightdidtheresearchonhisown解析：細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，依據(jù)文章第五段第一話中caffeine’seffectonthebeebrainissimilartoitseffectonmammals.后面又列舉了rat的例子，那么就格外自然的選A了，老鼠是哺乳動(dòng)物。技巧點(diǎn)撥：細(xì)節(jié)推斷題必需找到具體的依據(jù)，然后再此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行推斷，防止無端推斷或推斷過頭。60.Whatsectionofanewspapermaythispassagebetakenfrom?A.Science B.Education C.Culture D.Sports解析：推斷題，依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容Caffeinecanimprovememoryamonghoneybeesandleadtobetterpollination(授粉).可以推斷選A。技巧點(diǎn)撥：主要依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，題材，進(jìn)行推斷?！居⒄Z卷·2022屆安徽省合肥市高三其次次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)】C8C（2022·Eyeglassescorrectmanydifferenttypesofsightproblems,includingnearsightedness,farsightednessorastigmatism(散光).Tryingtounderstandthosedifferentnumbersonaneyeglassprescription(驗(yàn)光單)requiresunderstandingthemeasurementsoptometrists(驗(yàn)光師)usewhenfittingyouforcorrectivelenses(鏡片).Diopters(屈光度)Thenumbersonyourprescriptionaregivenindiopters,whoseshortformis"D".Itisusedtomeasurethefocusingpower,oramountofcorrection.O.S.andO.D.OptometristsusetheLatinshortformO.S.andO.D.todistinguishbetweenyoureyes.O.S.referstoyourlefteye,whileO.D.referstotherighteye.Generally,yourprescriptionwillshowanumberforO.S.andO.D.(givenindiopters).Thefartherthisnumberisonanumberlinefromzero,themorecorrectionyoureyeglassesshouldprovide.Aplussignmeanstheeyeisfarsighted,whileaminussignmeanstheeyeisnearsighted.SphericalValueThisplusorminusnumberforeacheyeiscalledthesphericalvalue,orthedegreeofnearsightednessorfarsightednessyouhave.Itsshortformis"S."CylinderIfyouhaveanastigmatism,theoptometristwillalsomeasureitsdegree.Thehigherthenumber(givenindiopters)markedasthecylinderofastigmatism,(itsshortformis"C"),themoreastigmatismthereisinthateye.AxisAnastigmatismisalsomeasuredintermsofitsaxis,whichisanumberbetween0and180.Theaxisoftheastigmatismdoesnotrelatetotheamountofcylinder,justthelocationoftheirregularityoftheastigmatismonthatparticulareye.64.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,varioussightproblems______.A.shouldbeunderstoodbythepatientsB.canbeavoidedbywearingcorrectivelensesC.shouldbetestedbydifferentoptometristsD.canbecorrectedbywearingeyeglasses65.Ifyouneedapairofcorrectivelenses,theoptometristwillfirstvaluethenumbersof______.A.Diopters B.SphericalValue C.Cylinder D.Axis66.FromtheprescriptionabovewecanlearnthatLiHua______.A.isfarsighted B.isnearsighted C.hasnoastigmatism D.isnormalinsight67.Thetextisprobablytakenfrom______.A.aneducationreport B.aschoolbulletinC.alocalnewspaper D.anencyclopedia(百科全書)【文章解讀】文章介紹了怎樣看驗(yàn)光師處方上面的符號(hào)和數(shù)字是什么含義，讓人們更好的了解自己的眼鏡，從而配一副適合自己的眼鏡。64.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)題【答案解析】D第一段第一句Eyeglassescorrectmanydifferenttypesofsightproblems.很多不同類型的眼睛問題都可以通過帶眼鏡矯正過來。.直接選D65.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)題【答案解析】A其次段Thenumbersonyourprescriptionaregivenindiopters,可直接選A。66.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】推斷推理題【答案解析】B依據(jù)第四段最終一句Aplussignmeanstheeyeisfarsighted,whileaminussignmeanstheeyeisnearsighted.加號(hào)是遠(yuǎn)視，減號(hào)是近視。李華的處方中Os和Od的數(shù)據(jù)都是減號(hào)，可知李華是近視。選B67.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】文章出處題【答案解析】D文章介紹了怎樣看驗(yàn)光師處方上面的符號(hào)和數(shù)字是什么含義，讓人們更好的了解自己的眼鏡，從而配一副適合自己的眼鏡?？芍倏迫珪＿xD【英語卷·2022屆黑龍江省大慶鐵人中學(xué)高三考前模擬沖刺（202205）解析】C8BItisgenerallybelievedthatwearegettingcleanedwhenwestepunderashower.Weare,butwe’realsogivingahometolotsoftinylittlecreatureswedidn’tevenknowabout.Ashowerheadcarriesthousandsofbacteria(細(xì)菌)calledMycobacterium.Thesecancauseproblemslikecoughsandtiredness,andageneralfeelingofbeingsick.Whenyouturnonthewater,thebacteriagofromtheshowerheadontoandintoyourbody.

ThisisafindingofNormanR.PaceandhisteamattheUniversityofColorado,intheUS.Pace’steamlookedat45showerheadsinnineAmericancities.Theydiscoveredthat30percentofthemhadlargeamountsofflyingMycobacterium.ButPacesaidthattheyposefewthreatstothehealth．Onlythosewithaweakimmunesystemmightneedtoworry．HetoldtheNewYorkTimesthatthebacteriaarenotasunpleasantasmightbethought．Hesaidthathavingashowerisnomoredangerousthananythingelsewedointhemorning．Butforthosewhofeelsickabouttheideaofallthosemicroorganisms(微生物),hehadsomeadvice.Letthewaterrunfor30secondsbeforegettingintotheshower.Why?Thenumberofbacteriaissmallerthanthatwhenthewaterisjustturnedon.Ifthatseemslikeawasteofwater,headdedthatyoucouldalsochangeyourshowerheadeveryfewmonths.

However,Pacehadgoodnews,too.HehasalsobeentestingtheairinUSsubways.Apartfromironparticles(粒子),whicharegroundoffthetrackbythewheelsoftrains,subwayairisfresh.Thereasonisthatatrain’smovementpumpsfreshoutdoorairintothetunnels.

25.FromthefindingofNormanR.Pace,aftertakingashower,wemightcoughorfeeltiredbecause_______.A.it’seasytogetacoldwhentakingabath. B.theshowerheadcarriesmanybacteriacausingillnessC.wedon’tgetcleanedwhileshowering D.wedon’tgetaweakimmunesystem26.Wecanlearnfromthethirdparagraphthat________.A.havingashowerinthemorningismoredangerousthanatothertimeB.thebacteriaalwaysthreatpeople’shealthwhenpeoplehaveashowerC.peoplewithstrongimmunesystemneedn’tfearmicroorganismsD.itisbettertodosomeexerciseinthemorningthanhaveashower27.Theunderlinedword“pose”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans“________”.A.givebirthto B.takechargeof C.watchoutfor D.getawaywith28.WhatleadstofreshairinUSsubways

?A.Thetrain’smovement. B.Ironparticles.C.Trainwheels. C.Airconditionersonthetrains.【英語卷·2022屆重慶市高三考前模擬試題（202204）word版解析】C8EWhatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicineoranyotherscience?Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinthesocietiesinwhichwelive.Agreatmanypeoplebelieve,however,thattheprogressofcivilizationdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstoftheseistheapplicationofthemachines,productsandsystemsofappliedknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop,throughwhichweimprovesthestructureofsocietyandhelpsmantogainincreasingcontroloverhisenvironment.Thesecondaspectistheapplicationbyallmembersofsocietyofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseintheirwork.Whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?Firstofall,itseemsthatasuccessfulscientistisfullofcuriosityhewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.Heisagoodobserver,accurate,patientandobjectiveandapplieslogicalthoughttotheobservationshemakes.Heusesthefactsheobservestothefullestextent.Forexample,trainedobserversobtainaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromtheaccurateanalysisofthesimplelinesthatappearinaspectrum(光譜).Heisalwaysskeptical--hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable--andthereforerejectsauthorityastheonlybasisfortruth.Scientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakeexperimentscarefullyandobjectivelytotestthem.Theseseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts.52.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,manypeopleholdtheviewthatA.scientistsfromdifferentfieldshavedifferentscientificattitudesB.theattitudeofscientistscontributestothedevelopmentofsocietyC.theapplicationofscientificknowledgedeterminesscientificattitudeD.allmembersofasocietyshouldusescientificdiscoveriesintheirwork53.Whatcanweknowaboutcuriosity?A.Itprovidessuccessfulscientistssatisfactoryexplanation.B.Itgivesrisetoaninterestininterpersonalrelationship.C.Itleadstoeffortstoinvestigatepotentialconnections;D.Itencouragesscientiststolookfornewwaysofacting.54.AsuccessfulscientistwouldA.alwaysquestionuncheckedstatementsB.easilycooperatewithotherresearchersC.alwaysuseimaginationinhisworkD.rejecttheevidencefromtheauthority55.ThebesttidewouldbeA.TheApplicationofScienceB.TheNatureofAppliedScienceC.HowScientistsThinkandActD.HowCanWeDevelopScience【全品解析】E【文章解讀】本文是一篇科普環(huán)保類說明文，說明白科學(xué)在社會(huì)中起著重要的作用，然而很多人認(rèn)為，我們的進(jìn)取取決于科學(xué)的兩個(gè)不同的方面，第一個(gè)方面是機(jī)器的應(yīng)用，產(chǎn)品學(xué)問，科學(xué)家和技術(shù)人人員開發(fā)系統(tǒng)。二是思想和行為為科學(xué)家在爭辯中使用特殊方法的應(yīng)用52.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)題【答案解析】B由第一段第四Agreatmanypeoplebelieve,however,thattheprogressofcivilizationdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience..可以知道答案，故選B。53.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)題【答案解析】C由其次段其次句Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,（排解A）andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationships（潛在的關(guān)系排解B）evenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.可以推出答案，故選C。54.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)題【答案解析】A由第四段最終一句Heisalwaysskeptical--hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable可以知道答案，故選A。B、C沒有提及rejectsauthority（拒絕權(quán)威）astheonlybasisfortruth由此可知D答案理解片面。選A55.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】主旨大意題（標(biāo)題確定題）【答案解析】C第一段最終一句thespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseintheirwork.其次段第一句Whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?文章最終一句Theseseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts.故選C?！究键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】這種題一般都可以在第一段與最終一段找到答案。很多時(shí)候是第一段第一句或最終一句。記敘文則多在最終一段。抓住段落或文章主題的捷徑之一就是在段落或文章中查找主題句。主題句是指能表達(dá)或概況段落主題或文章主要內(nèi)容的句子，通常是一個(gè)簡潔、完整、具有概況性的句子，較多毀滅在說明文和談?wù)撐闹?，而其他句子則圍圍著主題句開放進(jìn)行說明解釋或擴(kuò)展。主題句在文中的位置:開門見山：提出主題細(xì)節(jié)支撐闡明主題段末點(diǎn)睛：細(xì)節(jié)描述歸納要點(diǎn)概括主題段中點(diǎn)旨：細(xì)節(jié)描述歸納主題進(jìn)一步解釋無主題句:考生需依據(jù)文章中所敘述的事實(shí)或供應(yīng)的線索來概括和總結(jié)文章的大意【英語卷·2022屆重慶市高三考前模擬試題（202204）word版解析】C8Werewolves(狼人)aren'ttheonlycreaturesthrownoffbythemoon'scycles.Afullmoonsubtlydisruptspeople'ssleep,reportsaSwissteamofscientists.Evenpeopledozing(打盹兒}l,)inalabwithoutwindowsexperiencedasmallshortfallinsleeponceamonth.Totestthemoon'seffect,33adultvolunteersofbothsexesandvariousagesspentseveralnightsinasleeplab.Astheydozed,researchersmonitoredtheirbrainactivity,eyemovementsandhormone(荷爾蒙)levels.Onnightsclosertoafullmoon,thesubjectstookanaverageoffiveminuteslongertofallasleep,andsleptfor20minutesless.Inaddition,brainactivitydecreasedby30percentduringthesleepstagethatthebrainnormallyusestorecoverfromitsdaylightwork.Andlevelsofmelatonin,thehormonethathelpscontrolsleepcycles,dropped.Onthesenights,thesleeperscomplainedofpoorsleepqualityeventhoughtheywereunawareofthelunarcycle.Onthebrightside,notasingleparticipantturnedintoawerewolf.Thesenewdatasuggestthemoon'scyclescansubtlyaffectsleepcycles.Theseinternalcyclesmaybesimilartotheroughly24-hourrhythmsdrivenbythebody'sinternal"clock".Onebigdifference:Thebody'sclockissetbysunlight.TheSwissteamdoesn'tknowhowthemoonaffectssleep.Thegravitationalattractionofthemooncausesoceantidestoriseandfall.Butthatforceistooweaktoaffectsleep,Cajochensays.Hesuspectssomeinternalbodyclockmaybetiedtothemooncycles.Lunarcycleshavebeennotedinseaanimalsthatkeeptrackofthetides.Theremaybeanotherexplanation,saysDavidDinges.ThissleepresearcherattheUniversityofPennsylvaniainPhiladelphiasaysthatthebodyclockisverysensitivetolightatnight.Volunteers'sleepcouldhavebeenalteredbyexposuretoextramoonlightbeforearrivingatthelab.44.Thewritermentioned"werewolves"inthefirstparagraph?A.giveanexampleoftheexistenceofthemoon'scycleB.drawpeople'sattentiontothefindingoftheresearchC.warnpeopleofthedangerofsleepingaloneinalabD.findthesimilaritybetweenwerewolvesandhumans45.Whathappenedtothevolunteersduringtheexperimentonafullmoon?A.Theysleptforaboutfiveminuteslongerthanusual.B.Theirbrainswerenotsoactiveastheynormallywere.C.Theirbrainsneverrecoveredfromthedaylightwork.D.Theycomplainedthattheyweretootiredtosleep.46.ThelastparagraphismainlydevelopedbyA.analyzingcausesB.makingcomparisonsC.examiningdifferencesD.followingthetimeorder47.ThepassageismainlyaboutA.themoonanditseffectsonoursleepinghabitsB.thecausesofpeople'ssleepingproblemsC.thepossiblereasonswhysleepsuffersonceamonthD.thewaystoimproveoursleepqualityonafullmoon【全品解析】44.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】推斷推理題【答案解析】B第一段Werewolves(狼人)aren'ttheonlycreaturesthrownoffbythemoon'scycles…從狼人講到人也受到月球周期的影響。其次段Totestthemoon'seffect可知選B。45.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)題【答案解析】B其次段brainactivitydecreasedby（削減了）30percentduringthesleepstagethatthebrainnormallyusestorecoverfromitsdaylightwork.可知B正確。thesubjectstookanaverageoffiveminuteslongertofallasleep被試者平均用了5分多鐘入睡A（測(cè)試者比平常多睡了5分鐘）錯(cuò)誤thesleeperscomplainedofpoorsleepquality埋怨睡眠質(zhì)量不好D錯(cuò)46.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題【答案解析】Ahowthemoonaffectssleep.someinternalbodyclockmaybetiedtothemooncycles.Theremaybeanotherexplanation,可推斷出主要是分析影響睡眠的緣由。選A。47.【學(xué)問點(diǎn)】主旨大意題【答案解析】CAfullmoonsubtlydisruptspeople'ssleep,滿月奇異地會(huì)打亂人們的睡眠Thesenewdatasuggestthemoon'scyclescansubtlyaffectsleepcycles.月亮的周期可以潛移默化地影響睡眠周期可知選C【英語卷（解析）·2022屆江西省師大附中高三三模考試（202205）】C8Runninglikethewind,roaring(咆哮)likethunder,tigershavelongbeenfearedandrespectedasakingoftheanimalworld.Butlastweekareportsaidthattherearenomorethan30wildtigersleftinsouthChina.ThiswastheconclusionofateamofscientistsfromChina'sStateForestryAdministrationandtheWorldNatureFund.TheSouthChinatiger,alsoknownastheChinesetiger,isnativetosouthernChina.Inthe1950's,therewereover4000tigersfoundinmountainforestsinthecountry.Butduetothedestructionoftheirnaturalhabitatanduncontrolledhunting,ithasbeenpushedontothelistoftheworld'stoptenmostendangeredspecies.Sixty-sixofthebigcatscanbefoundinthecagesofadozenzoosaroundChina.Buttheyarenothingliketheirwildcousins.Theyhavelosttheirnaturalskillssuchashuntingandkilling.Iftheyweresetfreetheycouldnotlookafterthemselves.“Breedinghasdamagedthequalityofthespecies”，saidPeiEnle,deputydirectoroftheShanghaiZoo.Toreintroducethespeciesintothewild,thecountrystartedaprogrammetosendfivetotenyoungtigerstoSouthAfrica.Fourofthemhavealreadyarrived.Progresshasbeenmadeastwoeldertigershaverecoveredsomeoftheirinstincts(本能)andcanhuntwildanimalsbythemselvesattheAfricanbase.“SouthAfricansareveryexperiencedinreintroducingbiganimalstothewild.Thecountryhasverygoodnaturalconditionsforthetigerstolearnin”，saidLuJun,officedirectoroftheNationalWildlifeResearchandDevelopmentCenter.“WetriedinFujianProvince,butitwasnotsuccessfulastherewasnotacompleteeco-chain(生物鏈)andtherewasalackofspace.”ThetigersshouldreturntoChinain2007whenthereservationsinFujianareready.66．WhatisthemainreasonfortheSouthChinatigerbecomingoneoftheworld'stoptenmostendangeredspecies?A.Becauseithaslostitsnaturalinstincts.B.Becausethereisnotacompleteeco-chain.C.Becausethereisnospaceforit.D.Becauseuncontrolledhuntinghasdestroyeditsnaturallivingconditions.67．HowistheprogrammeofsendingseveraltigerstoSouthAfricagettingon?A.Itseffectstillremainstobeseen.B.Twotigerscanalreadycompetewiththeirwildcousins.C.Someofthetigersarealreadyontheroadtorecoveringtheirnaturalskills.D.Thetigersshouldbeabletorecovertheirinstinctscompletelyby2007.68．Bysaying“buttheyarenothingliketheirwildcousins”，thewritermeansthat________.A.theyarenolongerfearedbyotherwildanimalsB.theydon'tknowhowtohuntorkillC.acompletechangehasresultedinthespeciesbecauseofbreedingD.toreintroducethemintothewildhasbecomeanurgenttask69．WhatisthepurposeofsendingyoungtigerstoSouthAfrica?A.Tohelpthetigersrecovertheirabilitytoliveinthewild.B.Toprovidethemwithabetterenvironment.C.Togetthetigerstogoonatour.D.Tofindacompleteeco-chainforthem.70．WhichoneisNOTthereasonforSouthAfricabeingchosenasthetrainingplace?A.BecausethetigerscanhuntwildanimalsbythemselvesattheAfricanbase.B.BecauseSouthAfricansareskilledatdealingwiththetigers.C.Becausethereisacompleteeco-chainandenoughspacethere.D.Becausethecountryhasgoodnaturalconditionsforthetigerstolearnin.【答案】66.D。解析：細(xì)節(jié)題，依據(jù)文章第一段Butduetothedestructionoftheirnaturalhabitatanduncontrolledhunting,ithasbeenpushedontothelistoftheworld'stoptenmostendangeredspecies.可知。67.C。解析：細(xì)節(jié)題，依據(jù)文中倒數(shù)第三段的Progresshasbeenmadeastwoeldertigershaverecoveredsomeoftheirinstincts(本能)andcanhuntwildanimalsbythemselvesattheAfricanbase可知這些老虎正在漸漸恢復(fù)自然本性，故選C。。68.B。解析：細(xì)節(jié)題，依據(jù)文中該句話后的Theyhavelosttheirnaturalskillssuchashuntingandkilling可知選B。。69.A。解析：細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，依據(jù)文中第六段的Toreintroducethespeciesintothewild,thecountrystartedaprogrammetosendfivetotenyoungtigerstoSouthAfrica推斷為了這些老虎恢復(fù)本性故選A。70.A．解析：推斷題。依據(jù)文中最終一段的SouthAfricansareveryexperiencedinreintroducingbiganimalstothewild.排解B；依據(jù)Thecountryhasverygoodnaturalconditionsforthetigerstolearnin”排解D；依據(jù)WetriedinFujianProvince,butitwasnotsuccessfulastherewasnotacompleteeco-chain(生物鏈)andtherewasalackofspace推斷排解C。由此推斷選A。【英語卷（解析）·2022屆寧夏銀川一中高三下學(xué)期第三次模擬考試（202205）】C8Everybodyneedsblood Haveyoueverseenbusesonthestreetfordonatingblood?Medicalworkersonboardcollectbloodfromvolunteers.Thebloodisthenstoredupandgiventopeoplewhohavelostalargeamountofitduetoaccidentsordiseases. Bloodisoneofthemostimportantsubstances(物質(zhì))supportingourlives.Butfornow,theonlywaywecangetmoreofitis