電工術(shù)語(yǔ) 水輪機(jī)控制系統(tǒng) 征求意見(jiàn)稿

1電工術(shù)語(yǔ)水輪機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)3.1.1機(jī)械液壓調(diào)速器mechanicalhydraulicg3.1.2電（氣）液（壓）調(diào)速器electric-hydraulic3.1.3微機(jī)調(diào)速器microcomputerbased3.1.4雙調(diào)整調(diào)速器dualregu23.1.5通流式調(diào)速器governorwithoutpressuretank;throughflowtyp3.1.6壓力罐式調(diào)速器governorwithpress3.1.7蓄能器式調(diào)速器governorwithaccu3.1.8水泵水輪機(jī)調(diào)速器governorforpump3.1.9可變速水輪機(jī)/水泵水輪機(jī)調(diào)速器governorforvariablespeedturbine/pump3.1.10操作器positionoperator[gateop3.1.12電動(dòng)機(jī)式調(diào)速器governorwithmotordrivi4控制系統(tǒng)4.1水輪機(jī)調(diào)速（控制）系統(tǒng)hydraulicturbinegovernor（control）system4.2被控制系統(tǒng)controlledsystem3水輪機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)處于自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)狀態(tài)下，永態(tài)差值系數(shù)大于零5.1頻率[轉(zhuǎn)速]控制frequency[speed]control機(jī)組并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行時(shí)，調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)接收功率指令信號(hào)，并使機(jī)組功率跟蹤于功率指令信號(hào)的5.3開(kāi)度控制openingcont機(jī)組并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行時(shí)，調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)接收開(kāi)度指令信號(hào)，機(jī)組并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行時(shí)，調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)接收水位指令信號(hào)，機(jī)組并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行時(shí)，調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)接收流量指令信號(hào)，在低水頭水輪機(jī)中，通過(guò)對(duì)水輪機(jī)導(dǎo)葉、轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片的特定控制，以限制河流里的5.7一次調(diào)頻primaryfrequencycontrol(PFvariablespeedturbine/pump-t45.9可變速水輪機(jī)/水泵水輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速-功率控制模式speed-powercontrolmodeforvariables全功率變流器/交流勵(lì)磁以機(jī)組轉(zhuǎn)速為控制目標(biāo)、調(diào)全功率變流器/交流勵(lì)磁以機(jī)組有功功率為控制目標(biāo)5.11可變速水輪機(jī)/水泵水輪機(jī)功率-開(kāi)度控制模式power-openingcontrolmodeforvari全功率變流器/交流勵(lì)磁以機(jī)組有功功率為控制全功率變流器/交流勵(lì)磁以機(jī)組轉(zhuǎn)速為控制6.1比例-積分調(diào)速器proportional-integralg6.2比例-積分-微分調(diào)速器proportional-integral-derivativego6.3緩沖型調(diào)速器dampingtypego6.4加速度—緩沖型調(diào)速器acceleration-dampingtypego7.1測(cè)速裝置speedmeasu57.1.2測(cè)頻單元frequency7.3人工死區(qū)單元artificialdead在自動(dòng)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下，能人為地在規(guī)定的被控參量范圍內(nèi)使控制系統(tǒng)不起調(diào)節(jié)作用的單7.4.1電氣-液壓轉(zhuǎn)換組件electro-hydraulicc括位移型電液轉(zhuǎn)換器、伺服閥、比例閥、比例7.4.2電氣-機(jī)械轉(zhuǎn)換組件electro-mechanical7.5配壓閥distributi7.5.2主配壓閥maindistributingvalve[cont7.6.2電氣緩沖單元electrical67.8.1轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)整機(jī)構(gòu)speedadjustingmechanism[speed7.8.2功率給定單元powers7.8.3頻率給定單元frequencysettin7.9.1輔助接力器auxiliaryse受主配壓閥/控制閥控制，驅(qū)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片[折向器/偏流器7.9.4非同步導(dǎo)葉asynchronousgu77.10協(xié)聯(lián)裝置combination(on-cam)水輪機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)中用來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)不同工作水頭及機(jī)組功率下轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片與導(dǎo)葉或折向器與噴針之間協(xié)聯(lián)7.11綜合放大單元summationandamplificati7.12位移轉(zhuǎn)換組件displacementconvertingc將接力器[配壓閥]的位移信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)電氣[機(jī)械]信號(hào)的7.14.1壓力罐pressu氣體與油液之間具有隔離件，使氣體不混入油液中的7.20壓力罐補(bǔ)氣裝置pressure接受外界控制信號(hào)，對(duì)壓力罐補(bǔ)充壓縮空氣，用以維持壓力罐中空氣和油的合適比例的裝8對(duì)油壓裝置中油泵電機(jī)和其它相關(guān)附屬組件進(jìn)行控制的控7.24調(diào)壓閥pressureregulatingva8.1.2手動(dòng)運(yùn)行manualope電手動(dòng)運(yùn)行electricalmanualopera機(jī)手動(dòng)運(yùn)行mechanicalmanualopera機(jī)組未并網(wǎng)，按水輪機(jī)方向額定轉(zhuǎn)速運(yùn)行，且勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)未投入的運(yùn)8.2.2空載運(yùn)行no-loadope機(jī)組未并網(wǎng)，按水輪機(jī)方向額定轉(zhuǎn)速運(yùn)行，且勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)投入的運(yùn)行98.2.10停機(jī)工況stopmode8.2.11發(fā)電工況generatormod8.2.12發(fā)電調(diào)相工況generatorcondensermode8.2.14抽水調(diào)相工況pumpcondensermod8.2.15背靠背啟動(dòng)backtob8.2.18工況轉(zhuǎn)換modetrans8.2.20小波動(dòng)狀態(tài)smalloscillationcondition;smalltransientcond新產(chǎn)品定型中為了驗(yàn)證產(chǎn)品功能和性能能否滿足技術(shù)規(guī)范的全部要求所進(jìn)行的8.3.2驗(yàn)收試驗(yàn)acceptan8.3.3出廠試驗(yàn)factoryacceptancetest8.3.4現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)siteacceptancetes8.4.1空載擾動(dòng)試驗(yàn)no-loaddisturbance8.4.5抽水轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)電試驗(yàn)testforswitchoverfrompumpmo8.4.6黑啟動(dòng)試驗(yàn)blackst9性能與參數(shù)9.1一般術(shù)語(yǔ)9.1.1被控參量controlledvariabrmax9.1.2轉(zhuǎn)速轉(zhuǎn)速n頻率frequencyfnr 轉(zhuǎn)速偏差speeddeviatiΔnΔn=n－n0轉(zhuǎn)速相對(duì)偏差relativedevxn9.1.3給定信號(hào)給定信號(hào)可為轉(zhuǎn)速n、接力器行程Y、發(fā)電機(jī)輸出功率PG、水輪機(jī)流量Q、水位H等。給定信號(hào)偏差settingsignaldeviationΔC(ΔCn，ΔCy，ΔCPG，Cq，ΔCh）ΔC=C－C0給定信號(hào)相對(duì)偏差relat9.1.4接力器接力器行程servomotorstrokeY導(dǎo)葉接力器行程：Yg折向器行程：Yd接力器最大行程maximumservomotorstrokeYmax主接力器自全關(guān)位置到全開(kāi)位置的有效行程，不包括超出全開(kāi)位置的過(guò)位移，單位為）；(°);弧度（rad）。接力器相對(duì)行程relat Y Y接力器行程偏差servomotorstrokedeviationΔY相對(duì)于某一選定的基準(zhǔn)位置Y0的接力器位移，單位為米（m）；度(°);弧度（rad）。ΔY=Y-Y0接力器行程相對(duì)偏差relativedeviationofsery注2：對(duì)開(kāi)度控制，被控參量接力器行程相對(duì)偏差量接力器容積servomotorvolumeVs9.1.5主配壓閥搭疊量overlapλ配壓閥中閥盤(pán)厚度與控制窗口高度之差的一半（圖1），即λ=(a－b）/2。λ<0稱負(fù)搭疊量；λ>0主配壓閥活塞中間位置neutralpositionofmaindistributingvalvepis.1主配壓閥活塞的幾何中間位置geometricalneutralpositionofmaindistributing.2主配壓閥活塞的實(shí)際中間位置actualneutralpositionofmaindistributingvalve主配壓閥活塞行程.1主配壓閥活塞行程maindistributingvalvepistonstrS.2主配壓閥活塞最大行程maximumstrokeofmaindistributingvalvepi.3主配壓閥活塞相對(duì)行程relativestrokeofmaindistributins主配壓閥行程S與其最大行程Smax的比值。.4主配壓閥活塞最大工作行程maximumoperatingstrokeofmaindistributingvalve.5主配壓閥活塞實(shí)際相對(duì)工作行程realrelativeworkstrokeofmaindistrsyv主配壓閥活塞實(shí)際工作行程S與其最大工作行程SmSyvSmax0主配壓閥特性.1壓力增益曲線pressuregaincur.2流量（接力器活塞速度主配壓閥最大許用輸油量maximumallowabledeliveryofmaindistributingva在規(guī)定壓力損失條件下，通過(guò)主配壓閥控制接力器的最大輸油量，單位為升每秒鐘（L/9.1.6調(diào)速系統(tǒng)總耗油量totaloilconsumptionofgovernorsyst在調(diào)速系統(tǒng)處于自動(dòng)平衡狀態(tài)下，系統(tǒng)的耗油總量，單位為升每秒鐘（工作油壓operatingoilpressurep0正常條件下，水輪機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)工作的油壓名義工作油壓nominaloperatingoilpressurepn水輪機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)內(nèi)工作油壓上限與下限的平均值，單位為設(shè)計(jì)油壓designpD液壓系統(tǒng)[壓力容器]設(shè)計(jì)所取的油壓值，單位為兆prp0maxp0min工作油壓范圍operati事故低油壓trippingpT必須使機(jī)組緊急關(guān)閉的壓力罐/蓄能器油壓值，單最低要求油壓minimumpR機(jī)組事故低油壓緊急停機(jī)后，壓力罐中所必須保持的油壓，單位為兆帕0蓄能器預(yù)充壓力prechargedpressureofaccumulatpP9.1.8壓力容器容積pressurevesselvoluV0可用油體積usableoilvolume事故油體積trippingVT達(dá)到事故低油壓并完成事故關(guān)閉后壓力容器9.2.1發(fā)電機(jī)輸出功率powerofthegeneratPG9.2.2發(fā)電機(jī)額定功率ratPGrPin9.2.4水輪機(jī)輸出功率outputpowerofturbi9.2.5水輪機(jī)額定輸出功率ratedoutputPtr在額定水頭、額定轉(zhuǎn)速下，水輪機(jī)能持續(xù)穩(wěn)定9.2.6相對(duì)（輸出）功率relativePP9.2.7輸出功率偏差poweroutputdeviatiΔP輸出功率P相對(duì)于某一基準(zhǔn)輸出功率P0之差，單位為千瓦（kW）；千伏安（kVA）。ΔP=P-P9.2.8輸出功率相對(duì)偏差relativedeviationof輸出功率偏差ΔP與額定功率Pr之比。ΔPPr注：對(duì)于功率調(diào)節(jié)，被控參量輸出功率相對(duì)偏差量的符號(hào)為xP。9.2.9滿功率閾值fullpoweroutpu滿功率閾值PLmt是指，水輪機(jī)在當(dāng)前工作水頭下，滿足水力穩(wěn)定性與水輪機(jī)出力限制線要求時(shí)，9.2.10水泵水輪機(jī)的水泵水力功率pumphydraulicpowerofpPP.hPP.e9.2.12水泵水輪機(jī)的水泵零流量PP.0水泵水輪機(jī)在水泵工況運(yùn)行時(shí)，當(dāng)高壓側(cè)斷流時(shí)的水泵功率，單9.3轉(zhuǎn)矩9.3.1轉(zhuǎn)矩偏差torquedeviatΔM輸出功率偏差除以瞬時(shí)角速度，單位為牛.米（N9.3.2轉(zhuǎn)矩相對(duì)偏差relativedeviationoftorquem轉(zhuǎn)矩偏差ΔM與額定轉(zhuǎn)矩Mr之比。注：工程中有時(shí)選取PG0=0，這時(shí)m為相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)矩。9.4.1流量偏差dischargedeviatiΔQ9.4.2流量相對(duì)偏差relativedeviationofq水輪機(jī)流量偏差ΔQ與額定流量Qr之比。9.4.3空載流量no-loaddischargeQNL水輪機(jī)在額定轉(zhuǎn)速下，輸出功率為零時(shí)的流量，單位為立方米每秒（m3s）。9.5水頭9.5.1水頭偏差headdeviatΔHΔH=H－H09.5.2水頭相對(duì)偏差relativedeh水頭偏差ΔH與水輪機(jī)額定水頭Hr之比。注：對(duì)水位調(diào)節(jié)，被控參量水頭相對(duì)偏差量的符號(hào)為xh。nr平衡狀態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)速[相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)速]值，單位為轉(zhuǎn)每分鐘r平衡狀態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)速[相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)速]值，單位為轉(zhuǎn)每分鐘零行程時(shí)的最大轉(zhuǎn)速[相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)速]與最小轉(zhuǎn)速[nr10.5最大行程時(shí)的最小轉(zhuǎn)速[相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)速]minimumspeed[relativespeed]nr10.6水輪機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)靜態(tài)特性droopgraphofturbinpbpbxn(%)bsb▲01.0y(%)xh(%)bsb▲p01.0y(%)a)轉(zhuǎn)速為被控參量時(shí)的關(guān)系曲線圖b)水位為被控參量10.7水輪機(jī)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)靜態(tài)特性droopgraphofturbine），xnep10.8水輪機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)永態(tài)差值系數(shù)permanentspeedd其中，對(duì)應(yīng)于圖4a)的bp，也稱永態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)差系數(shù)[殘留不均衡度]。10.9水輪機(jī)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)調(diào)差率permanentspeedd在圖5的靜特性曲線圖上，某一規(guī)定運(yùn)行點(diǎn)處斜率的負(fù)數(shù)，稱為水輪機(jī)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)調(diào)差率，dxnpdp10.10最大行程的永態(tài)差值系數(shù)maximum11.1.1測(cè)速裝置放大系數(shù)speedmeasuringdeviceamKxn測(cè)速裝置輸出量與轉(zhuǎn)速相對(duì)值的關(guān)系曲線在額定轉(zhuǎn)速點(diǎn)的斜率，單位為mm/%；V/%。11.1.2頻率[轉(zhuǎn)速]測(cè)量分辨率resolutionoffrequency[rxn11.1.3測(cè)頻單元響應(yīng)時(shí)間responsetiTrxn從測(cè)頻單元輸入量發(fā)生階躍變化時(shí)刻起，至輸出量達(dá)到變化量9511.1.4測(cè)頻單元響應(yīng)延滯時(shí)間delaytimeofThxn從測(cè)頻單元輸入量發(fā)生階躍變化時(shí)刻起，至輸出11.3緩沖裝置時(shí)間常數(shù)timeconstantTd），11.4接力器響應(yīng)時(shí)間常數(shù)servomotorTy），ds=yddy=yddy/dt注2：對(duì)于微機(jī)調(diào)節(jié)器+電液隨動(dòng)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)模式的調(diào)速器，采用本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)11.5定義的Ty11.5隨動(dòng)系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)時(shí)間常數(shù)servo主接力器相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)速度dy/dt與主配壓閥活塞實(shí)際相對(duì)工作行程syv關(guān)系曲線斜率的倒數(shù)，即隨動(dòng)dsTm以隨動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的輸入階躍加入時(shí)刻為起點(diǎn)，接力器開(kāi)環(huán)響應(yīng)曲線的切線與時(shí)間軸的交點(diǎn)為終點(diǎn)，兩yTm11.7速動(dòng)時(shí)間常數(shù)promptitTx對(duì)于一個(gè)永態(tài)差值系數(shù)為零的水輪機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)，主接力器速度dy/dt與給定的被控參量相對(duì)偏差x），注：對(duì)于緩沖型水輪機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)，速動(dòng)時(shí)間常數(shù)Tx在數(shù)值上近Tn式中:11.9微分環(huán)節(jié)時(shí)間常數(shù)timeconstantofT1d在PID調(diào)速器中，微分環(huán)節(jié)的慣性（濾波/衰減）時(shí)間常數(shù)（圖11KP圖12a)～e)給出了輸入階躍被控參量相對(duì)控參量相對(duì)偏差xn之比的負(fù)數(shù)，定義為比例增益，見(jiàn)圖12c)。在數(shù)值上，對(duì)于串聯(lián)PID調(diào)節(jié)器，對(duì)于PI調(diào)速器KP≈。yu(%)▲yu(%)KDΔxT1v+τ▲▲xI1KIΔ▲KPΔxOKP/KIt(s)xIKPΔxt(s)xIKPΔxt(s)yu(%)▲KDΔxT1v+τΔ 1KIO KPKIb)從模擬量接口記錄的控制輸出yuBCAKPΔxc)bp、KD（或Tn）置于零，KI置于零（或Td置最大值），KP（或bt）不為零時(shí)的控制輸出yuCDB 1KI TdOt(s)d)bp、KD（或Tn）置于零，KP（或bt）、KI（或Td）不為零時(shí)的控制輸出yu(%)AH0.632ADxτKDΔxτEBDFGDKPΔxCOrt(s)Oe)bp、KI置于零（或Td置最大值），KP（或bt）、KD（或Tn）不為零時(shí)的控制輸出KI偏差xn之比的負(fù)數(shù)，定義為積分增益，見(jiàn)圖12d)，單位為1/秒，s-1。KD差變化率dxn/dt之比的負(fù)數(shù)，定義為理想微分環(huán)節(jié)的微分增益，見(jiàn)圖12e)，單位為秒（s）。工程實(shí)際中，出于抑制微分干擾的考慮，一般采用實(shí)際微分環(huán)節(jié)，對(duì)照?qǐng)D12e)，記PID數(shù)字調(diào)節(jié)器的采樣周期為τ、微分衰減時(shí)間常數(shù)T1v，則實(shí)際微分環(huán)節(jié)的微分增益為：在數(shù)值上，對(duì)于串聯(lián)PID調(diào)節(jié)器，KD≈。KOPIS當(dāng)機(jī)組孤立運(yùn)行并帶穩(wěn)定負(fù)荷時(shí)，由水輪機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)所產(chǎn)生的水輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速持續(xù)振11.15轉(zhuǎn)速穩(wěn)定偏差帶steady_轉(zhuǎn)速穩(wěn)定偏差帶δxn_sb是指，機(jī)組在空載或孤立運(yùn)行條件下、處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，且接力器位置不變，若機(jī)組持續(xù)3min自身有轉(zhuǎn)速波動(dòng)幅度的平均值δxn_sbm，不超過(guò)±0.4%，則轉(zhuǎn)速穩(wěn)定偏差帶按注1：該特征參量的意義在于確認(rèn)與甄別機(jī)組轉(zhuǎn)速擺動(dòng)在多大程度上是由被控~±0.7%nr；但孤立運(yùn)行δxn_sbm與機(jī)組所在電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷性質(zhì)具有密切關(guān)系，難以統(tǒng)計(jì)普適性的確切范圍，在無(wú)負(fù)荷突變的條件下，-1.0%～+3%是實(shí)際運(yùn)行中可以n(r/minn(r/min)nmaxnmint(s)Cδxn_sbm=±×100%CIP11.17有功功率穩(wěn)定偏差帶steady-statea有功功率穩(wěn)定偏差帶δPsb是指，機(jī)組并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行、處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，且接力器位置不變，機(jī)組實(shí)際有若機(jī)組持續(xù)3min自身有功功率波動(dòng)幅度的平均值δ不超過(guò)機(jī)組額定有功功率Pr的±1.5%，則有功功率穩(wěn)定偏差帶按δPsb=±1.5%Pr界定；若超過(guò)±1.5%Pr，則按實(shí)際δ最大幅值作為δPsb。注：對(duì)水電機(jī)組大量的統(tǒng)計(jì)表明，δPsb通常為±1.5%Pr~±3.5%Pr。P/MWP/MWΔPsmaxPAtvt/s在頻率/轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)節(jié)過(guò)程中，與起始偏差符號(hào)相同的第2次頻率/轉(zhuǎn)速偏差峰值Δf1與起始偏差峰值Δfmax之比，即Ψ=Δf1Δfmax，見(jiàn)圖15；在時(shí)域響應(yīng)中，衰減度反映了水輪機(jī)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)頻率/轉(zhuǎn)速控制量的符號(hào)：Ψf(Hz)fC0f(Hz)fC0▲t(s)f(Hz)fC1▲1▲0t(s)給定信號(hào)恒定時(shí)，不起調(diào)節(jié)作用的兩個(gè)被控參量偏差相對(duì)值間的最大區(qū)間（圖c被控參量恒定時(shí)，不起調(diào)節(jié)作用的兩個(gè)給定a12.6接力器不動(dòng)時(shí)間/死區(qū)時(shí)間servoTq從轉(zhuǎn)速或指令信號(hào)按規(guī)定形式變化起，至首次可察覺(jué)到（測(cè)到）接力器運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)間間隔（圖19y定子電流(%)定子電流 -轉(zhuǎn)速nny1轉(zhuǎn)速ny1接力器位移yy2接位移接力器位移y13.1接力器最短關(guān)閉時(shí)間minimumservomTf在最大關(guān)閉速度下，主接力器走一次全行程所經(jīng)歷的時(shí)間（圖20單位為秒（s）。y(%)Thyh0Tft(s)y(%)0t(s)13.2接力器最短開(kāi)啟時(shí)間minimumservomTg在最大開(kāi)啟速度下，主接力器走一次全行程所經(jīng)歷的時(shí)間（圖20單位為秒（s）。Th接力器以延緩速度由規(guī)定位置yh開(kāi)始至全關(guān)閉位置所經(jīng)歷的時(shí)間（圖20），單位為秒（s）。F注：當(dāng)采用引水管水壓來(lái)產(chǎn)生關(guān)閉作用力時(shí)，應(yīng)說(shuō)明接力器作用力達(dá)到規(guī)AA=FYmax13.6最大轉(zhuǎn)速上升率maximummomnr13.7最大壓力上升率maximummoment機(jī)組突減規(guī)定變幅的負(fù)荷時(shí)，最大的瞬時(shí)水壓上升相式中：Htmax－瞬時(shí)最高水壓，m；HST－機(jī)組突減負(fù)荷前的靜水壓，在數(shù)值上等于：試驗(yàn)期間的上游水位LTs-水輪機(jī)安裝高程ZTm；），注：進(jìn)行水力過(guò)渡過(guò)程計(jì)算分析及校核時(shí)，壓力升高率的折算基準(zhǔn)值為上游正常蓄水位與機(jī)組安裝高程之差。Tw在額定工況下，表征過(guò)水管道中水流慣性的特征時(shí)間，單位為式中:L—相應(yīng)每段過(guò)水管道的長(zhǎng)度，單位為米（mQr—水輪機(jī)額定流量，單位為立方米每秒鐘（m3Hr—額定水頭，單位為米（mTa機(jī)組在額定轉(zhuǎn)速時(shí)的動(dòng)量矩與額定轉(zhuǎn)矩之比，單位為Jωr—額定轉(zhuǎn)速時(shí)機(jī)組的動(dòng)量矩，單位為千克Mr—機(jī)組額定轉(zhuǎn)矩，單位為牛頓·米（N·mnr—機(jī)組額定轉(zhuǎn)速，單位為轉(zhuǎn)每分鐘（r/minTbTr壓力波在引水管內(nèi)往返一次所經(jīng)歷的時(shí)間，單αi—壓力波在每段引水管中的傳播速度，單位為米每秒鐘（m/s14.5管道特性常數(shù)penstockcharact14.6水輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)速的傳遞系數(shù)transmissioncoefficientofturbine水輪機(jī)自調(diào)節(jié)系數(shù)turbineself-regulationcoeffet14.8被控制系統(tǒng)自調(diào)節(jié)系數(shù)controlledsystemself-regulentebxn14.10水輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩對(duì)水頭的傳遞系數(shù)transmissioncoefficientofturbineeh轉(zhuǎn)速和接力器行程恒定時(shí)，水輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩相對(duì)偏差值mt與水頭相對(duì)偏差值h的關(guān)系曲線在所取水頭點(diǎn)14.11水輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩對(duì)導(dǎo)葉[噴針]接力器行程的傳遞系數(shù)transmissioncoetorquetogate[needle]servomotorstroke;turbin14.12水輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片接力器行程的傳遞系數(shù)14.13流量對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)速的傳遞系數(shù)transmissioncoefficientof水頭和主接力器行程恒定時(shí)，水輪機(jī)流量相對(duì)偏差值q和轉(zhuǎn)速相對(duì)偏差值xn的關(guān)系曲線在所取轉(zhuǎn)速14.14流量對(duì)水頭的傳遞系數(shù)transmissioncoefficientoeqy水頭、轉(zhuǎn)速和轉(zhuǎn)輪接力器行程恒定時(shí)，水輪機(jī)流量相對(duì)偏差值q與導(dǎo)葉[噴針]接力器行程相對(duì) 14.16流量對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片接力器行程的傳遞系數(shù)transmissioncoefficientofdTe在額定工況下，表征引水系統(tǒng)調(diào)壓室標(biāo)稱容積的特征時(shí)間，單位為F——小波動(dòng)條件下調(diào)壓室穩(wěn)定面積，m2。αi14.19調(diào)壓室的托馬穩(wěn)定時(shí)間常數(shù)Thomatimeconstantof用時(shí)間常數(shù)表達(dá)的調(diào)壓室的托馬穩(wěn)定條件，通常的設(shè)計(jì)取Te=nfTTh，其中，安全系數(shù)nf≥1.0。=Hr/(Hg?hw1?3hw2)≥1T14.20水輪機(jī)力矩[功率]反調(diào)reversetorque[po與水輪機(jī)型式、運(yùn)行工況點(diǎn)、水輪機(jī)傳遞系數(shù)、水流慣性時(shí)間常數(shù)TA安全閥.............................................................................7.17B被控參量..........................................................................9.1.1被控制系統(tǒng)..........................................................................3.2被控制系統(tǒng)自調(diào)節(jié)系數(shù)...............................................................14.8比例增益................................................................并聯(lián)PID調(diào)速器...........................................................并聯(lián)運(yùn)行..........................................................................8.1.5不靈敏度...........................................................................12.2C操作器............................................................................4.1.9測(cè)頻單元............................................................................6.4測(cè)頻單元響應(yīng)時(shí)間.................................................................11.1.3測(cè)頻單元響應(yīng)延滯時(shí)間.............................................................11.1.4測(cè)速信號(hào)源..........................................................................7.2測(cè)速裝置............................................................................7.1測(cè)速裝置放大系數(shù).................................................................11.1.1出廠試驗(yàn).....................................................................串聯(lián)PID調(diào)速器.............................................D搭疊量..........................................................................大波動(dòng)狀態(tài)........................................................................8.2.6帶負(fù)荷試驗(yàn)........................................................................8.4.2帶負(fù)荷運(yùn)行........................................................................8.2.2導(dǎo)葉[噴針]接力器................................................................7.9.電（氣）液（壓）調(diào)速器..........................................電動(dòng)機(jī)式調(diào)速器.......................................................電氣緩沖單元........................................................電氣開(kāi)度限制單元..................................................電網(wǎng)負(fù)載特性系數(shù)..................................................電站試驗(yàn)...............................................................電子負(fù)荷調(diào)節(jié)器......................................................調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)總耗油量..................................................................9.1.6調(diào)速器..............................................................................4.1E額定油壓........................................................................額定轉(zhuǎn)速........................................................................F發(fā)電機(jī)額定功率....................................................................9.2.2發(fā)電機(jī)負(fù)載轉(zhuǎn)矩對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)速的傳遞系數(shù)...................................發(fā)電機(jī)負(fù)載自調(diào)節(jié)系數(shù)...............................................................1發(fā)電機(jī)輸出功率....................................................................9.2.1分段關(guān)閉裝置.......................................................................7.13輔助接力器........................................................................7.9.1負(fù)載慣性時(shí)間常數(shù)..................................................................G給定信號(hào)........................................................................給定信號(hào)不靈敏度...................................................................12.4給定信號(hào)偏差....................................................................給定信號(hào)死區(qū).......................................................................12.3工況轉(zhuǎn)換..........................................................................8.2.7工作油壓........................................................................工作油壓范圍....................................................................工作油壓上限....................................................................工作油壓下限....................................................................功率給定單元......................................................................7.8.2功率控制............................................................................5.2功率穩(wěn)定性指數(shù)....................................................................11.13管道反射時(shí)間.......................................................................14.4管道特性常數(shù).......................................................................14.5H緩沖器............................................................................7.6.1緩沖型調(diào)速器........................................................................6.3緩沖裝置............................................................................7.6緩沖裝置時(shí)間常數(shù)...................................................................11.3回油箱.............................................................................7機(jī)械開(kāi)度限制機(jī)構(gòu)..................................................................7.7.1機(jī)械液壓調(diào)速器....................................................................4.1.1機(jī)組慣性時(shí)間常數(shù)...................................................................14.2積分增益...........................................................................11.9基準(zhǔn)信號(hào)........................................................................加速時(shí)間常數(shù).......................................................................11.6接力器..............................................................................3.1接力器不動(dòng)時(shí)間.....................................................................12.6接力器容積......................................................................接力器容量.........................................................................13.5接力器相對(duì)行程..................................................................接力器響應(yīng)時(shí)間常數(shù).................................................................11.4接力器行程......................................................................接力器行程偏差..................................................................接力器行程相對(duì)偏差..............................................................接力器最大行程..................................................................接力器最短關(guān)閉時(shí)間.................................................................13.1接力器最短開(kāi)啟時(shí)間.................................................................13.2接力器作用力.......................................................................13.4K開(kāi)度控制............................................................................5.3開(kāi)環(huán)增益..........................................................................11.11可用油體積......................................................................空載擾動(dòng)試驗(yàn)......................................................................8.4.1L浪涌控制............................................................................5.6零行程時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)速[相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)速]調(diào)整范圍.................................................零行程時(shí)的最大轉(zhuǎn)速[相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)速].......................................................零行程時(shí)的最小轉(zhuǎn)速[相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)速].......................................................流量對(duì)導(dǎo)葉[噴針]接力器行程的傳遞系數(shù)............................................流量對(duì)水頭的傳遞系數(shù)..............................................................14.14流量對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片接力器行程的傳遞系數(shù)..............................................流量對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)速的傳遞系數(shù)..............................................................14.13流量控制............................................................................5.5流量偏差..........................................................................9.4.1流量相對(duì)偏差......................................................................9.4.2M名義工作油壓....................................................................P配壓閥..............................................................................7.5頻率............................................................................頻率[轉(zhuǎn)速]測(cè)量分辨率.............................................................11.1.2頻率[轉(zhuǎn)速]控制......................................................................5.1頻率給定單元......................................................................7.8.3R人工死區(qū)單元........................................................................7.3設(shè)計(jì)油壓........................................................................剩余（不可用）油體積............................................................事故低油壓......................................................................事故油體積......................................................................輸出功率偏差......................................................................9.2.6輸出功率相對(duì)偏差..................................................................9.2.7甩負(fù)荷............................................................................8.2.3甩負(fù)荷試驗(yàn)........................................................................8.4.3雙調(diào)整調(diào)速器......................................................................4.1.4水泵水輪機(jī)調(diào)速器..................................................................4.1.8水流慣性時(shí)間常數(shù)...................................................................14.1水輪機(jī)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)......................................................................3.3水輪機(jī)額定功率....................................................................9.2.4水輪機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)......................................................................3.1水輪機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)靜態(tài)特性.............................................................10水輪機(jī)輸出功率....................................................................9.2.3水輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩對(duì)導(dǎo)葉[噴針]接力器行程的傳遞系數(shù).......................水輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩對(duì)水頭的傳遞系數(shù).......................................水輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片接力器行程的傳遞系數(shù).........................水輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)速的傳遞系數(shù)........................................水輪機(jī)自調(diào)節(jié)系數(shù)...................................................................14.6水頭偏差..........................................................................9.5.1水位控制............................................................................5.4死區(qū)...............................................................................12.1速動(dòng)時(shí)間常數(shù).......................................................................11.5隨動(dòng)系統(tǒng)............................................................................3.6隨動(dòng)系統(tǒng)不準(zhǔn)確度..............................................................T通流式調(diào)速器......................................................................4.1.5W微分環(huán)節(jié)時(shí)間常數(shù)...................................................................11.7微分增益..........................................................................11.10微機(jī)調(diào)速器........................................................................4.1.3位移轉(zhuǎn)換裝置.......................................................................7.12穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)..........................................................................8.2.4無(wú)差調(diào)節(jié)............................................................................3.5X限負(fù)荷運(yùn)行........................................................................8.1.3相對(duì)（輸出）功率..................................................................9.2.5相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)速........................................................................小波動(dòng)狀態(tài)........................................................................8.2.5協(xié)聯(lián)裝置...........................................................................7.10卸載閥.............................................................................7.16型式試驗(yàn)..........................................................................8.3.1蓄能器...........................................................................7.14.2蓄能器式調(diào)速器....................................................................4蓄能器預(yù)充壓力.................................................................9.1.Y壓力罐....................................................................4.1.6,7.14.1壓力罐補(bǔ)氣裝置.....................................................................7.19壓力罐式調(diào)速器....................................................................4.1.6壓力容器容積......................................................................9.1.8延緩時(shí)間...........................................................................13.3驗(yàn)收試驗(yàn)..........................................................................8.3.3引導(dǎo)閥............................................................................永態(tài)差值系數(shù).......................................................................10.7油壓裝置............................................................................4.2油壓裝置控制柜.....................................................................7.20有差調(diào)節(jié)............................................................................3.4Z暫態(tài)差值系數(shù).......................................................................11.2中間接力器..................................................................主配壓閥..........................................................................7.5.2主配壓閥活塞中間位置............................................................主配壓閥最大許用輸油量..........................................................轉(zhuǎn)矩偏差..........................................................................9.3.1轉(zhuǎn)矩相對(duì)偏差......................................................................9.3.2轉(zhuǎn)速............................................................................轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)整機(jī)構(gòu)......................................................................7.8.1轉(zhuǎn)速偏差........................................................................轉(zhuǎn)速穩(wěn)定性指數(shù)....................................................................11.12轉(zhuǎn)速相對(duì)偏差....................................................................綜合放大單元.......................................................................7.11組合閥.............................................................................7.18最大行程的永態(tài)差值系數(shù).............................................................10最大行程時(shí)的最大轉(zhuǎn)速[相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)速]................................................最大行程時(shí)的最小轉(zhuǎn)速[相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)速]................................................最低要求油壓....................................................................Aacceleration-dampingtypegovernor.............................................acceptancetest...................................................................8.3.3accumulator......................................................................7.14.2admissiondeviceofpressuretank..........................................artificialdeadbandmodule.................................................automaticoperation...............................................................8.1.1auxiliaryservomotor..............................................................7.9.1Ccombinationdevice.................................................................7.10controlcubicleofoilpressuresupplyunit.............................controlsystemforhydraulicturbines.....................................controlledsystemself-regulationcoefficient...................controlledsystem...................................................................3.2controlledvariable...............................................................9.1.1cushioningtime....................................................................13.3Ddampingdevice......................................................................7.6dampingtypegovernor...............................................................6.3dashpot...........................................................................7.6.1deadband..........................................................................12.1derivativegain...................................................................11derivativetimeconstadesignoilpressure.............................................................deviationregulation................................................................3.4dischargedeviation...............................................................9.4.1displacementconverter.............................................................7.12distributingvalve..................................................................7.5doubleregulatinggovernor..................................................droopgraphofturbinecontrolsystem...........................Eelectricaldampermodule..............................................electricalopeninglimiter............................................electric-hydraulicgovernor................................................electronicloadcontroller....................................................Ffieldtest........................................................................8.3.4flowcontrol........................................................................5.5frequencydetector................................................................7.1.2frequencysettingmodule...................................