2024年高考英語模擬試題

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題25分，滿分375分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。APraiadaFalésiaintheAlgarve，Portugalisknownforitsdramaticred，sandycliffs（懸崖）andgoldensand.IthasfinishedinthefirstplaceattheTravelers'

ChoiceAwards2024，aheadofimpressivelocationsintheCaribbean，AustraliaandtheSeychelles.TheAlgarveisatopchoiceamongtravelersseekingwarmthandsunevenduringthewintermonths.TheOlhosdeAguaregion，whereyou'llfindPraiadaFalésia，hasaMediterraneanclimatewithlonghotsummersandrelativelyshortwinters.Forthemostheat，thebesttimetovisitisbetweenJuneandAugust.ThehottestmonthoftheyearisJuly，whichhasanaveragehighof30℃andanaveragelowof22℃.Februaryisthecoldestmonthoftheyear，butyouwouldstillbeabletowearaT-shirtoutdoors.Theaveragehighis16℃andanaveragelowof10℃．Forashoppinglover，visitAlbufeira'soldtown—AvenidaDrFranciscoSaCarneiro—forsouvenirs（紀念品）andclothes.Youcanalsofindanopen-airmallnamedAlgarveShopping，whereyoucanbuyanythingfrompotterytoanewdress，aswellaslocalbarsandrestaurants，likePlanetFusion，TheThreeHarpsandSymbiosis．Thewestsideoftheawardwinningbeachiswhereyou'llfindthehighredcliffs.ThispartisalsoreferredtoasAoteiasandahighlyratedhotelinthisareaistheEpicSanaAlgarveBeachHotel.TheeastsideofPraiadaFalésia，towardsVilamoura，isreferredtoasAlfamarbecauseofthenearbyAlfamarBeach&SportResort.Thelowerpartsofthecliffscanbefoundhere，alongwithshallowwaterswhereactivitieslikeparagliding，divingandsurfingtakeplace．1.Whencanyouexperiencethehottestweather？A.July.B.June.C.August.D.February．2.WhatcanyoudoinAvenidaDrFranciscoSaCarneiro？A.Playgoodsand.B.Buynewdress．C.Enjoywarmsun.D.Haveagooddrink．記T1={i|ai-a～i=bi-1，i=2，3，…，N-1}，T2={i|ai-a～i=-bi+1+1，i=2，3，…，N-1}，則T1∩T2=，且T1∪T2={2，3，…，N-1}.注意到：若存在j∈T2且2≤j≤N-2，即aj-a～j=-bj+1+1，則j+1∈T2.否則，若j+1∈T1，則aj+1-a～j+1=bj+1-1=-（-bj+1+1）=-（aj-a～j），不合題意．因此，集合T1，T2有以下三種情形：①T1={2，3，…，N-1}，T2=.對任意i∈{2，3，…，N-1}，有bi≥2，則aN=a1+（b2+b3+…+bN-1）+bN≥0+（N-2）·2+1=2N-3，當且僅當b2=b3=…=bN-1=2時，bN=1，即A：0，2，4，…，2N-4，2N-3時，等號成立，此時存在“強緊數(shù)列”A～：0，1，3，…，2N-3，故此情形下，aN的最小值為2N-3．②T1={2，3，…，k}，T2={k+1，k+2，…，N-1}，其中k=2，3，…，N-2.對任意i∈T1，有bi≥2，對任意j∈T2，有bj+1≥2.aN=a1+（b2+b3+…+bk）+bk+1+（bk+2+bk+3…+bN）≥0+（k-1）·2+1+（N-k-1）·2=2N-3.故此情形下，aN的最小值不小于2N-3．③T1=，T2={2，3，…，N-1}.對任意i∈{2，3，…，N-1}，有bi+1≥2，aN=a1+b2+（b3+b4…+bN）≥0+2+（N-2）·2=2N-2>2N-3.故此情形下，aN的最小值不小于2N-3.綜上，aN的最小值為2N-3.責任編輯徐國堅3.Wherecantouristsenjoysurfing？A.Alfamar.B.Aoteias.C.Vilamoura.D.Symbiosis．BIliketoknit（編織）everysingleday.I'llturntheTVon—usuallyjustthenews—whileImakemanythingslikehatsandlittletoychickens.Myfavoritethingtomakearechickens.Infact，I'vebeendoingthemforalmost50years．Idothistosellthemandraisemoneyforcharity，especiallyforNationalHealthService（NHS）.Asa76yearoldretiredclerkworkingatBarnsleyHospital，it'sacauseclosetomyheart.AsIloveknitting，thistypeoffundraisingneverfeelslikeahardwork．Ifirstpickeduptheneedlesatfivewhenmygrandmothertaughtmehowtoknit.Immediately，Iabsolutelyloveditandcouldn'tgetenough.SomeofmyfriendsatschoolandpeopleI'vemetatvarioussocialeventsovertheyearslovedit，too.Soit'sbeenagreatwaytoconnectwithothers．Oneday，arelativeofminesawmylittlecreationsandtookonechickentohercolleagues.Sherangmethateveningandsaid.“Ithinkyou'dbettersitdown.Wewant600chickens.”Ialmosthadaheartattack！Especiallybecauseitwasonlythreeweekswhentheywantedthemdone.SoIcalledonsomefriendsofminetohelpandwefinallycompletedtheorder．Eversince，I'vealsoraisedmoneythroughknittingwithfivefriends，includingmygranddaughterAshley.WeknittedtoraisemoneyforBarnsleyHospitalCharity's“MakeaMemoryAppeal”，whichsupportspeoplelivingwithdementia.We'vehelpedraisecloseto￡100，000forcharity．Lastyear，IactuallywonBarnsleyHospitalNHSFoundationTrust'sProudofBarnsleyawardintheHospitalHerocategory.Ifeltveryhonored，butIcouldn'tdoitallonmyown.Besidesmyfriends，Imustthankmyfamilydrivingmetobuywool，helpingtosellmycreationsorpostingonsocialmediaforme．4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs？A.SheenjoyswatchingTV.B.Sheenjoysworkinginahospital．C.Shehasaloveforknitting.D.Shehasaloveforraisinganimals．5.Whatcouldknittinghelptheauthoratschool？A.Tomakemuchmoney.B.Toenjoyabetterlifewithpeople.C.Tojoininsocialevents.D.Tohaveaconnectionwithothers．6.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterhearingherrelative'swords？A.Tiredanddelighted.B.Excitedandamused.C.ShockedandNervous.D.Confusedanddisappointed．7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph？A.Theauthor'sfriendbecameafamoushero.B.Manypeoplerespectedtheauthorverymuch.C.Theauthorfelthonoredtoknitforalongtime.D.Theauthor'sfamilytriedtheirbesttohelpher．CImaginepickingupanewbookthatyou'reexcitedtoread，feelingcomfortableinyourfavoritespot，andturningtothelastchapter.Whilemostreadersopentopageone，therearemanypeoplewhojumprightintothemostinterestingpartofthebook—theend—beforegoingbacktothebeginningandstartingfromthere.Becausedoingthatchangestheoverallexperienceofreadingthebook，somepeoplesayreadersshouldalwaysbeginwiththefirstchapter.Othersthinkstartingattheendisperfectlyuptothemarkandmayevenbethebestwaytoreadabook.Therearemanydifferentwaystoenjoyabookandnoneofthemarewrong.Startingwiththelastpagesmakessomereadersevenmorecuriousaboutthestoryandhelpsthemdecidewhetherthebookisworthreading.Otherpeopledon'tliketobeindoubtorworryaboutwhathappenstothecharacters.Readingaheadhelpsthemrelax，enjoythebook，andreallyappreciatethewritingsimilartowhenpeoplerereadabookandgetmoreoutofitthesecondtime.Somepeoplealsoenjoytheexcitementofguessingexactlyhowthestorywillreachanendingtheyalreadyknow．Booksaremeanttobereadintheorderinwhichthey'rewritten.Partoftheenjoymentofreadingagoodbookisfollowingtheactionfromstarttofinish，discoveringnewinformationaboutthestoryandcharactersbitbybit，andbeingsurprisedbytheplot.Readingthelastchapterfirstisdisrespectfultotheauthor，whoputinalotofeffortandwrotethebookinaspecificwayforareason.Andifyouknowtheending，youhavetoavoiddestroyingitforotherpeoplewhoarereadingit.Thatmeansit'ssafernottodiscussitwiththemeventhoughtalkingaboutabookcanbeabigpartofthefunofreadingit．8.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“uptothemark”meaninparagraph2？A.Funny.B.Remarkable.C.Acceptable.D.Disappointing．9.What'stheauthor'sattitudetostartingreadingattheend？A.Objective.B.Indifferent.C.Approving.D.Dismissive．10.Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph？A.Thefunofreadingwiththelastpages.B.Thereasonsofreadingwiththelastpages.C.Theprocessesofreadingwiththelastpages．D.Theimportanceofreadingwiththelastpages．11.Whydosomepeopleenjoystartingwiththebeginning？A.Theyhavemuchtimetoreadthebookwritteninorder．B.Theyhaveastrongdesiretoknowthewriters'

trueability．C.Theyhaveareallypatientmindtofollowthebookbitbybit.D.Theyhaveenjoymentfromgettingnewthingsfromthebook.DWhentworatsbegantakingtheirownphotoswithacameraattachedtotheircage，artistAugustinLigniersaidhefelt“superpowerful.”Asapartofhisgraduatestudy，LignierboughttworatsfromapetstoreinFrancewherehelives，andbuiltthemacomplicatedcage.Usingawaythatgavetheratssugarwhenevertheypressedabutton，hetrainedthemtotakepicturesofthemselves，and，intheprocess，producedacommentaryontheideasofpleasure，rewardandtheaddictivebehaviorscausedbysocialmedia．Lignierbasedhiscagedesignonthe“SkinnerBox”，adeviceinventedbyAmericanpsychologistB.F.Skinnertostudyanimalbehavior.Theartistsaidhedrewinspirationfromscientificexperiments，developedbySkinnerduringthe1950sthattrainedanimalstocompletecomplextasks.Asthetworats—whichLigniernamedAugustinandArthur—beganexploringtheirnewenvironment，theywouldrandomlytouchthebuttonthatgavethemsugar.Aweeklater，theybegantounderstandthepositiveeffectofpressingthebutton，associatingitwiththesugarhit．Oncetheyunderstoodthis，Ligniermovedthemtoanormalcage—withtheintentionofmakingtheanimalsforgetaboutthesugar—beforemovingthembackintotheoriginalcage.Butatthistimethebuttondidn'treleasesugareverytimeitwaspressed．Instead，thesugarreleasewasrandomizedbutbecausetherat'sbrain“associatespleasuretosugarandsugartothebutton.Theytouchit，”Ligniersaid，addingthattheratswouldsometimespressthebuttonforsugarmorethanonceaminute.Givingrandomizedrewardsinreturnfortakingselfies（自拍）mirroredthestrategiesusedbysocialmediacompaniesanddatingappstokeepuserscomingback．“Everytimetheratspushthebutton，theyhavedopamine（多巴胺）intheirbrainandthenitrecordstheexactmomenttheyweretouchingit，”Ligniersaid.“Iwasfascinatedbythis.”12.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofmentioningsocialmedia？A.ToreviewthelogicofLignier'sstudy．B.TocompareLignier'sdifferentstudies.C.ToshowanapplicationofLignier'sidea．D.TomakeLignier'sresearchbetterunderstood．13.WhatmadeBFSkinnerinventSkinnerBox？A.Todisplayhisability.B.Todoresearchonanimalbehavior.C.Toliveameaningfullife.D.Tocompletecomplexanimaltasks．14.Theratshavenosugarrewardif.A.TheyarefullenoughB.TheyfightwitheachotherC.TheyareinanormalcageD.Theytouchthewrongbutton15.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage？A.Lignier'sGraduateStudyB.RatsAddictedtoGettingRewardsC.Lignier'sTwoLovelyPetsD.RatsFondofLivinginTwoCages第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題25分，滿分125分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。ThescientistsattheUniversityofMassachusettsAmhersthasrecentlyshownthatnearlyanymaterialcanbeturnedintoadevicethatcontinuouslyharvestselectricityfromwetnessintheair.Theaircontainsahugeamountofelectricity.Thinkofacloud，whichisnothingmorethanamassofwaterdroplets.Ifthescientistscancreateahumanbuiltcloudthatproduceselectricitycontinuously，itcanbeharvested.Theheartofthehuman-madeclouddependsonwhatthescientistscallthe“genericAirgeneffect”：literallyanykindofmaterialcanharvestelectricityfromairifithasacertainproperty.Itshouldhaveholeslessthanathousandthofthewidthofahumanhair，whichisabout100nm（納米）．Itwouldbemadefromathinlayerofmaterialfullofholessmallerthan100nm.Theholeswouldletwatermolecules（分子）passfromtheuppertothelowerpartofthematerial.Eachholeissosmallthatthewatermoleculeswouldeasilyrunintothehole'sedge.Becausetheypassthroughthethinlayer.Sotheupperpartofthelayerwouldbeattackedbymanymorechargecarryingwatermoleculesthanthelowerpart，creatingachargeimbalance，astheupperpartincreaseditschargerelativetothelowerpart.Thiswouldeffectuallycreateabattery，whichrunsifthere'sanywetnessintheair．Sincewetnessiseverpresent，theharvesterwouldrunanytimeandanywhere.Itsolvesoneofthemajorproblemsoftechnologieslikewindorsolar.Imagineafutureworldwherecleanelectricityisavailableanywhereyougo.ThegenericAirgeneffectmeansthatthisfutureworldcanbeareality．A.Whatisthatproperty？B.Howtomakeelectricity？C.Eachtinydropcontainsacharge．D.Theyonlyworkundercertainconditions．E.Scientistscandesignagoodelectricityharvester．F.Basedonthisnumber，anelectricityharvestercanbedesigned．G.Itopensawidedoorforharvestingcleanelectricityfromthinair．第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。WhenChina'sfirstspacemanYangLiweiwassentintospaceonOctober15，2003，itwasahistorymakingmomentforChina.Sincehistriptospace，Yanghas21manyChinesespacemenontheirtrips.Butthe22onOctober26，2023wasespeciallymoving，asitcamejustdaysafterthe20thanniversary（周年紀念）ofhis23flight．Thatday，threeChinesespacemenwerelaunchedontheShenzhou17spaceshipfromtheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter，24fortheTiangongspacestationforasixmonth25.ThisisChina'ssixthmanned26toitsspacestationsince2021．Theyaretheyoungest27Chinahaseversenttospacewithanaverageageof38.TangShengjie，33，andJiangXinlin，35arenewcomers.Theyare28byTangHongbo，48，whowasonChina'sfirstmannedtriptoitsspacestationin2021.Oneoftheirtasksistorepairthesolarpanels29byspacerubbish—thefirsttimeChinesespacemenwill30repairworkoutsidethestation．“WhenIwatchthisnewlaunchasanoldspaceman，thefirstthingcomingintomy31ispride.BecauseChina'smannedspaceflighthasdevelopedrapidlyandmadegreat32since2003，”Yang33tothereporters．Yangwasgladtoseea34generationofChinesespacementakingupthebaton（接力棒）.Inthem，hehasseenhopeforthefuturedevelopmentofChina'sspace35．21.A.tookinB.sentoffC.calmeddownD.raninto22.A.songB.storyC.launchD.assistance23.A.technicalB.dangerousC.comfortableD.historic24.A.searchingB.headingC.cyclingD.driving25.A.stayB.holidayC.interviewD.record26.A.raceB.invitationC.signalD.mission27.A.teamB.familyC.audienceD.class28.A.awardedB.ledC.raisedD.employed29.A.damagedB.followedC.changedD.controlled30.A.findB.observeC.performD.interrupt31.A.roomB.mindC.spaceD.show32.A.mistakesB.promisesC.choicesD.achievements33.A.repliedB.signedC.noddedD.smiled34.A.fatterB.tallerC.youngerD.cleaner35.A.industryB.productC.costD.knowledge第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題15分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Accordingtoanewresearch，Matabeleantsarelikelittledoctors.Scientistsrecentlyhavefoundthattheseinsects，36livesouthoftheSaharaDesertinAfrica，cantreatinjuredmembersoftheirgroupbacktohealthby37（use）medicinetheirownbodiesproduce.Theselargeantsoftenattackgroupsoftermites（白蟻）which38（be）theirmainsourceoffood.Butwhenthetermitesfightback，theantsmaybe39（danger）injured.Suchanattackcaninfecttheinsectswith40typeofbacteriacalledPseudomonasaeruginosa.Thisinfectionispowerfulenough41（kill）anant—orevenahuman—ifitisnottreated.Fortunately，Matabeleantshaveaspecialorganproducinganantibiotic（抗生素），akindofmedicinethatfightsinfections42（cause）bybacteria.Expertsfoundthatwhenonesoldierant43（injure），otherantsinthegroupcanidentifythisinfectionandhealitbyapplyingsaliva（唾液）containingtheantibiotictothewounds.Deathratesinantstreatedwiththesalivadecreased4490%.Nootherlivingcreaturesexceptforhumansareknowntotreatwoundsinthisway.Scientistshopethis45（discover）willhelpdevelopnewantibioticsforpeople．第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）假定你是李華，想邀請對中國書法感興趣的外教Peter參加學校的春聯(lián)（SpringFestivalcouplets）書寫活動。請你給他寫封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.活動時間、地點；2.活動內(nèi)容。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.開頭語和結束語已為你寫好。DearPeter，______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。I'vewantedtobeafashiondesignersinceIwas12.IrememberedbeingonholidayinRome，andseeingbillboardsofAlexanderMcQueen'sPlato'sAtlantisline.Thecampaignwasacombinationofthehumanandtheseacreature，andremindedmeofDisney'sTheLittleMermaid（美人魚）—myfavoritefilm.It'sdifficulttoexplain，butIknewthendeepdowninmyheart—thatmylifewasabouttochangeforever．Fromtheageof13，mymumstartedbuyingmecopiesofVoguemagazine.Iheadeddowntomylocalbeach，whereIpouredoveritsshinypages.Thebeachwasmyfavoriteplace，andIspenthoursabsorbingmyselfinthemagazine，tracingoutlinesofhigh-enddesignwithmyfingers.Inspiredbythemagazine，Istarteddrawinganythingthatwouldcometomymind—dresses，bagsandpatterns．MymumworkedhardformetospendsummersatCentralSaintMartins'

summerschoolinLondontostudyfashionstyling，andwassupportiveofmydream.ButIhavedyspraxia（運動障礙），andat16IwastoldIshouldn'tevenapplyforartschoolbecauseofit.Asaresult，IneverexpectedittoprogresspastmorethanjustafunhobbythatIlovedandhelpedmerelievemystress．Attheageof23，IwenttoBrightontostudyprintdesign，andthenmovedtoLosAngeles.IspentmostofmytimeinVeniceBeach—drawingdesignsonmyiPad，hopingthatIcouldeventuallycreateacareeroutofsomethingItrulyloved.EverynightIwenttobedimaginingmydrawingsonthebillboardsI'dseeninRome，andonthecatwalksoffashionweeksacrosstheworld.Idreamedofmakingmylifetimeofdrawingmorethanjustahobby.InJanuary2024，ImovedbacktoSouthWalesandlivedwithmymother.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。IbrokethenewstomymumthatIwantedtobeafashiondesigner.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________MyjawdroppedwhenIsawafamousdesignercontactmeinane-mail.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案與點撥第二部分閱讀理解第一節(jié)（A）本文是應用文，主要介紹了葡萄牙的旅游勝地PraiadaFalésia。1.A細節(jié)理解題。由題干中的thehottestweather可定位到第三段，最熱的月份是7月，故選A項。2.B細節(jié)理解題。由題干中的AvenidaDrFranciscoSaCarneiro可定位到第四段，游客可在這里買衣服，故選B項。3.A細節(jié)理解題。由題干中的surfing可定位到最后一段，游客可在Alfamar沖浪，故選A項。（B）本文是記敘文，主要介紹了作者通過編織做慈善的故事。4.C細節(jié)理解題。由第一段最后一句I'vebeendoingthemforalmost50years可知，作者喜愛編織，故選C項。5.D細節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的SomeofmyfriendsatschoolandpeopleI'vemetatvarioussocialeventsovertheyearslovedit，too.Soit'sbeenagreatwaytoconnectwithothers可知，我在學校的一些朋友和多年來在各種社交活動中遇到的人也很喜歡它。因此，這是一種與他人建立聯(lián)系的好方法。這說明作者通過編織交到朋友，跟他人建立了聯(lián)系，故選D項。6.C推理判斷題。由第四段中Ialmosthadaheartattack！Especiallybecauseitwasonlythreeweeksbeforetheywantedthemdone可知，作者差點就心臟病了，因為到交貨只有三周了。由此可知，作者是很震驚的，因為時間緊迫，肯定也是緊張的，故選C項。7.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段Imustthankmyfamilydrivingmetobuywool，helpingtosellmycreationsorpostingonsocialmediaforme可知，作者的家人為幫作者付出了很多，故選D項。（C）本文是議論文，論述了從頭開始閱讀和從最后開始一頁開始閱讀都有其可取之處。8.C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞前面的內(nèi)容可知，有人說讀者應該從第一章開始。由此可推知，另外一些人認為從后面開始讀是可取的，甚至可能是閱讀書籍的最佳方式，故選C。9.A作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Therearemanydifferentwaystoenjoyabookandnoneofthemarewrong可知，有很多種閱讀方式，但沒有什么是不好的，由此可推知，作者的態(tài)度是客觀的，故選A。10.B主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段可知，有人從后面開始讀是因為好奇和決定這本書是否值得一讀；有人是不喜歡懸念，從后面讀是為了放松；也有一些人喜歡根據(jù)自己的所知去猜結局而從后面讀；這些都是人們采取從后面開始閱讀的原因，故選B。11.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句Partoftheenjoymentofreadingagoodbookisfollowingtheactionfromstarttofinish，discoveringnewinformationaboutthestoryandcharactersbitbybit，andbeingsurprisedbytheplot可知，讀一本好書的樂趣之一是從頭跟到尾，一點一點地發(fā)現(xiàn)故事和人物的新信息，并對情節(jié)感到驚訝，故選D。（D）本文是說明文，主要介紹2個老鼠學會自拍是為了獲得糖果獎勵。12.D推理判斷題。由第二段中的hetrainedthemtotakepicturesofthemselves，and，intheprocess，producedacommentaryontheideasofpleasure，rewardandtheaddictivebehaviorscausedbysocialmedia可知，他訓練它們拍攝自己的照片，并在這個過程中對快樂、獎勵和社交媒體引起的成癮行為的想法進行了注解，由此可推知，作者提到社交媒體的特點和這2只老鼠的實驗有相同之處，這能讓讀者更容易理解實驗，故選D項。13.B細節(jié)理解題。由第三段第一句中的…the“SkinnerBox，”adeviceinventedbyAmericanpsychologistB.F.Skinnertostudyanimalbehavior可知，“斯金納盒子”，美國心理學家B.F.斯金納發(fā)明的一種研究動物行為的裝置，故選B項。14.C細節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的Ligniermovedthemtoanormalcage…Butatthistimethebuttondidn'treleasesugareverytimeitwaspressed可知，在正常的籠子里，它們按了按鈕，也是沒有糖果的，故選C項。15.B文章主旨題。通讀全文可知，這篇文章主要介紹2個老鼠學會自拍是為了獲得糖果獎勵，故選B項。第二節(jié)本文是說明文，主要說明了利用空氣中的濕度來發(fā)電。16.G空格前的air和選項中的air是同詞重現(xiàn)。并且，G選項中的It指代的是空格前一句的nearlyanymaterialcanbeturnedintoadevicethatcontinuouslyharvestselectricityfromwetnessintheair，故選G項。17.C空格前waterdroplets與C項中Eachtinydrop為同義重現(xiàn)，故選C項。18.A空格前acertainproperty與A項中property為同詞復現(xiàn)，故選A項。19.F由空格后第一句Itwouldbemadefromathinlayerofmaterialfullofholessmallerthan100nm可知，It指代的是F選項中的anelectricityharvester。同時F項里的designed和空后第一句的made為上下義，“設計”后接著就“制造”電收納器。F項里的thisnumber可指代上一段最后一句的和空后第一句的100nm（納米），故選F項。20.DD選項中They指代的是空格前的technologieslikewindorsolar；空格前第一句講述的是“電力采集器”的優(yōu)點：可以在任何時間任何地點工作，F(xiàn)選項講述的是“風能或電能技術”的缺點：“在某種條件下才能工作”形成鮮明的對比，故選D項。第三部分語言知識運用第一節(jié)本文是記敘文，介紹了中國第一位宇航員楊利偉歡送湯洪波、唐勝杰和江新林搭載神舟17號上太空執(zhí)行任務。21.B根據(jù)空后的manyChinesespacemenontheirtrips、下文第四段第一句的WhenIwatchthisnewlaunchasanoldspaceman和常識可知，楊利偉“送別（sentoff）”了很多的宇航員，故選B項。22.C由下文第二段第一句的threeChinesespacemenwerelaunchedontheShenzhou-17spaceshipfromtheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter和第四段第一句的WhenIwatchthisnewlaunchasanoldspaceman可知，2023年10月26日的“發(fā)射（launch）”特別令楊利偉感動，故選C項。23.D由文章首句WhenChina'sfirstspacemanYangLiweiwassentintospaceonOctober15，2003，itwasahistory-makingmomentforChina和空前的asitcamejustdaysafterthe20thanniversary可知，10月26日的發(fā)射特別令楊利偉感動，因為這是在他“歷史性的（historic）”飛行20周年紀念日的數(shù)天后，故選D項。24.B由空前的threeChinesespacemenwerelaunchedontheShenzhou-17spaceshipfromtheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter和空后的theTiangongspacestation可知，三個中國宇航員搭載神舟十七號從酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心“出發(fā)（heading）”到天宮空間站，故選B項。“headfor”是動詞短語，表示“前往（某地）”的意義。25.A由空前的theTiangongspacestationforsix-month和下文第三段最后一句的Oneoftheirtasksistorepairthesolarpanels可知，他們將在天宮空間站“停留（stay）”六個月，故選A項。26.D由空前的ThisisChina'ssixthmanned可知，這是中國自2021年以來第六次在空間站執(zhí)行載人“任務（mission）”，故選D項。27.A由本段的第二句TangShengjie，33，andJiangXinlin，35arenewcomers、第三句TangHongbo，48，whowasonChina'sfirstmannedtriptoitsspacestationin2021和上文第二段第一句的threeChinesespacemen可知，他們?nèi)耸侵袊蜕咸掌骄挲g最年輕的“團隊（team）”，故選A項。28.B由上一句的TangShengjie，33，andJiangXinlin，35arenewcomers、空后的TangHongbo，48，whowasonChina'sfirstmannedtriptoitsspacestationin2021和常識可知，兩個新人唐勝杰和江新林由湯洪波“領導（led）”，湯洪波在2021年參與了中國首次載人空間站之旅，故選B項。29.A由空前的Oneoftheirtasksistorepairthesolarpanels和此句結尾部分的repairworkoutsidethestation可知，他們將修復被太空垃圾“損壞（damaged）”的太陽能電池板，故選A項。30.C由空前的Oneoftheirtasksistorepairthesolarpanels和空后的repairworkoutsidethestation可知，中國航天員將首次在空間站外面“實施（perform）”維修工作，故選C項。31.B由空前的WhenIwatchthisnewlaunchasanoldspaceman，thefirstthing…、上文第一段最后一句的asitcamejustdaysafterthe20thanniversary”和常識可知，楊利偉作為老一代的宇航員在20年后看到這次新的發(fā)射，他肯定會感慨萬千，所以他的“腦海（mind