第14講-語(yǔ)法填空(選修第一冊(cè))(原卷版)

第14講語(yǔ)法填空1．了解語(yǔ)法填空的解題方法與技巧。2．進(jìn)行語(yǔ)法填空真題訓(xùn)練。語(yǔ)法填空題的測(cè)試重點(diǎn)在于考查同學(xué)們能否將中學(xué)階段所學(xué)的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用到實(shí)際的英語(yǔ)讀寫(xiě)活動(dòng)中去。語(yǔ)法填空試題基本上涉及了中學(xué)階段所學(xué)的各類(lèi)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，而且考點(diǎn)分布比較均衡。從設(shè)題方式來(lái)看，分為給出提示詞和不給出提示詞兩類(lèi)。已給單詞提示題型的技巧這種考查形式主要考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化、形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)變化、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)（含主謂一致）以及動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式。同樣，我們先判斷設(shè)空處在句中的功能，再確定該用什么形式。技巧一：名詞形式變化。名詞的形式變化主要有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、所有格的變化。例：Therearemanystudentslivingatschool，the

(child)housesareallfarfromschoo1．由students一詞可以判斷出橫線處應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)，且作為houses的定語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用其所有格形式，故答案為child的復(fù)合變化形式——復(fù)數(shù)的所有格children’s。技巧二：動(dòng)詞形式變化。動(dòng)詞的形式變化比較多，有謂語(yǔ)的變化(時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣)，有非謂語(yǔ)的變化(不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞)。例：Atalk

(give)tomorrowiswrittenbyProfessorZhang.句中的iswritten是整句的謂語(yǔ)，所以橫線所在的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用作非謂語(yǔ)。從tomorrow可以看出，報(bào)告是“將來(lái)”作的，故用不定式；且報(bào)告是give動(dòng)作的承受者，故可以判斷出橫線所在處用give的不定式被動(dòng)式——tobegiven。技巧三：代詞形式變化。代詞形式變化通常是與人稱(chēng)變化有關(guān)的三大類(lèi)五小類(lèi)，即人稱(chēng)代詞(主格和賓格)、物主代詞(形容詞性和名詞性)、反身代詞。另外還有幾個(gè)不定代詞的形式變化，如noone／none、other／another等。例：Thekingdecidedtoseethepainterby

(he).由介詞by可以看出，橫線處應(yīng)填反身代詞himself。技巧四：形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)變化。英語(yǔ)中大部分形容詞和表方式的副詞都有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化。例：Iam(tall)thanLiuWen．Heisthetalleststudentsinmyclass．此題后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的學(xué)生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“l(fā)esstall”。技巧五：數(shù)詞形式變化。數(shù)詞的形式變化包括基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞，或加后綴一teen、ty的變化，甚至還有作分母用的序數(shù)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，以及one／two的特殊變化形式

once／twice例：TomythreesonsIleavemyseventeenhorses．Myeldestsonshalltakeahalf，mysecondsonshalltakea

(three).從上下文連續(xù)起來(lái)理解，這是一個(gè)分馬的計(jì)劃，大兒子分得ahalf，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二兒子應(yīng)該得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序數(shù)詞“third”才能命中目標(biāo)。技巧六：詞的派生。詞的派生現(xiàn)象在英語(yǔ)單詞中是很常見(jiàn)的，派生現(xiàn)象主要發(fā)生在名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞四種詞中。這種題型還有可能檢測(cè)學(xué)生對(duì)詞根、前后綴、派生詞的掌握。例：Liouslosthiswalletyesterday，SOhewasvery____(happiness)．在這道題中，學(xué)生很容易判斷出該用形容詞；錢(qián)包丟了，人應(yīng)該是不開(kāi)心的，所以要再加個(gè)前綴un，就成了unhappy。未給單詞提示題型的技巧這種形式主要考查同學(xué)們對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的理解、對(duì)邏輯關(guān)系的把握以及對(duì)固定搭配和常見(jiàn)句式的掌握程度。考查的內(nèi)容主要是冠詞、介詞、代詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、連詞、連接代/副詞、關(guān)系詞和句式。因?yàn)闆](méi)有提示詞，所以同學(xué)們需要根據(jù)短文大意、上下文的邏輯關(guān)系和對(duì)一些長(zhǎng)難句的結(jié)構(gòu)分析來(lái)判斷設(shè)空處在句中的功能，從而界定其詞性，確定其意義，最后確定其內(nèi)容。技巧七：固定短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句中橫線前后及整句來(lái)判斷橫線前后是否構(gòu)成一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)，但有時(shí)要對(duì)橫線前或后的幾個(gè)單詞“視而不見(jiàn)”才能命中答案。例1：Thechildrenwereplayingontheground，enjoying____，dirtybuthappy.從句中的happy可以猜出孩子們是開(kāi)心的，所以應(yīng)用enj0yoneself短語(yǔ)，故其答案為themselves。技巧八：短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是以動(dòng)詞為中心的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，此類(lèi)短語(yǔ)中往往是動(dòng)詞與介詞或副詞連用的多些。例1：Theusconsists____fiftystates．根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，美國(guó)由50個(gè)州組成，故橫線處與前一詞組合，表示“由......組成”，所以答案是of。技巧九：短語(yǔ)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。短語(yǔ)介詞即多個(gè)詞的組合。起介詞作用的短語(yǔ)，如：exceptfor，dueto等。例1：MrSmithtookaplanetoLondon____oftakingatrain.此題中說(shuō)到兩種交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案為instead，以構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)insteadof。技巧十：連詞、關(guān)聯(lián)短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。常用的連詞有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的關(guān)聯(lián)短語(yǔ)有both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，notonly…butalso...等。例1：____MarrieandJannielikegoingtothetheatre．橫線處的詞與后面可以構(gòu)成both?and，故答案為Both。技巧十一：冠詞、介詞和常用的副詞。冠詞只能是在a，an，the之間判斷；常用的介詞有in，at，on，before，during等，通?？疾楣潭ù钆洌桓痹~的量還是比較多，如：however，never，yet，much等。例1：Jackielikestodriveat____highspeed．這里考查的是不定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法，答案為a，構(gòu)成atahighspeed，“以高速”開(kāi)車(chē)。（2022秋·四川眉山·高二仁壽一中?？计谀╅喿x下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。YuanLongping,aChineseplantscientist___1___isknownasthefatherofhybridrice,passedaway___2___May22,2021.Yuanwasthefirstperson____3____(come)upwiththeideaofhybridizingrice.Hewas___4___(determine)tostudyricejusttomakemorepeoplehaveenoughtoeat,sohisinterestswere___5___(extreme)focusedonrice.Heandhisteammadetwomajordiscoveriesinhybridricecultivationin___6___1970s.HehelpedChinaworkagreatwonder,___7___(feed)nearlyonefifthoftheworld’spopulationwithlessthan9percentoftheworld’totallands.Theymakeagreat___8___(contribute)toChineseagriculture.In2019,Yuan___9___(award)theMedaloftheRepublic,thecountry’shighesthonor.Yuanisoneoftherepresentativesthathavedevotedtheirlivesto_____10_____(improve)people’slivelihood.（2022秋·湖北十堰·高二校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí)）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ChinesefemalescientistTUYouyou,___11___(award)theNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicineonOct6whenshewas85yearsold,was___12___firstChinesecitizentowinaNobelPrizeinscience.Tu___13___(share)theprizewiththeIrish-bornWilliamCampbellandSatoshiomuraofJapan.TuYouyouisacommittedandpatientresearcherattheChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicine.Shewasawarded___14___developingartemisinin,“anewdrugtherapyagainstmalaria”___15___hassavedmillionsoflivesworldwide,___16___(especial)indevelopingcountries,theNobelAssemblysaidonitswebsite.Tuandhercolleaguesjoinedagovernmentproject___17___(find)anewmalariadruginthelate1960s.Theyexaminedover2,000recipesfromtraditionalChinese___18___(medicine)books.In1971,aftermorethan190___19___(fail),Tu’steamfinallyfoundanextractthatwas100percenteffectiveagainstmalaria.“ThediscoveryofartemisininisagifttomankindfromtraditionalChinesemedicine.It’sthecollectiveachievementoftheresearchteam.___20___(win)theprizeisanhonorforChina’sscienceandtraditionalChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld.”TutoldXinhua.（2022秋·湖北武漢·高二武漢市第一中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thedifferencebetweenanovelistandaprofessoristhattheformer_____21_____(most)useshisextraordinarycreativegeniustoinspirepeople’spassionbywritingnovels，whilethelatter_____22_____(pay)moreattentiontoacademicresearch.Apoliticianwants____23____(found)hisowntheoriesandtriestocometopower.Ascientisthopestomakeremarkableachievementsandhavemoreinventionsandpatents.TakeAlbertEinsteinforexample.Hemadenumerous____24____(contribute)totheworld，themostwell-known60.____25____(be)thegeneraltheoryofrelativityandthefamousformulaE=mc2.Heearnedadoctorateinphysicsin1905andgraduallybecamefamousasthenewIsaacNewton.Circumstanceschangedin1933，____26____HitlercametopowerinGermany.Einstein，whowasJewish，foundthedoorsofacademicinstitutions____27____(close)tohim.As___28___consequence，hehadtofleeGermany.HefinallytookupapositionasaresearcherattheInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton，USA．Einsteinwasnotonlyagenius，butalsoaverygentleman.Hehadathickmoustacheandlongwhitehair.Despitehispeculiarities，he_____29_____(admire)byhisfriendsandneighbourswhomheencountered.Itwason18April1955____30____Einsteinpassedaway,andthewholeworldmournedthegreatlossofabrilliantscientist.（2022秋·湖北荊州·高二石首市第一中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí)）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。PerhapsthematchbetweenamanandarobotAlphaGowasveryimpressive.Infactthegameof____31____iscalledweiqicandatebackto4000yearsago.Therearementionsofasimilargamecalledyi____32____(make)byConfuciusandMencius____33____itisnotcertainthatitisthesamegame.Thename“Go”comesfromitsnameinJapan.LikemanyJapanesetraditionsit____34____(adopt)fromChinaduringtheTangdynastywhenChinawas____35____(influence)andreacheditpeak.AsitmadeitswaytothewestviaJapan,itistheJapaneseformofthegame____36____ismostwidelyplayednow.Thegame,whichcanbeactuallytranslatedas“encirclementgame”,waslongconsideredtobeanappropriatestudyforscholarsasittaughtpeoplevarietiesofstrategies.____37____(rule)ofweiqiareextraordinarilysimple.Thereare180identicalwhitepiecesand181identicalblackpieces____38____(fight)againsteachotheronaboard19×19lines.Blackstartsfirstandthentheplayerstakeitinturntoplaceonepieceinto____39____unoccupiedplaceontheboarduntilallthepieceshavebeenplayed.Thereisnothingspecialabouta19×19board,and_____40_____(small)sizesareusedbybeginners.（2023春·遼寧朝陽(yáng)·高二校聯(lián)考期中）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Whatcouldtheschoolof2050looklike?Undoubtedly,thebiggestdevelopmentwe____41____(see)inrecentyearsistheadvancementoftechnology.Onenteringtheclassroom,biologicalrecognitionscanningwillallowstudentstocheckin,____42____(simplify)thebusyregistrationprocess.Teacherswillbeabletoautomaticallysortouttheattendancedata,fillinperfectrecord,andmanage____43____(track)thepatternsforbeinglate.Fortheschoolofthefuture,therewillbenoneedtowrestlewithheavy____44____(curtain)ordust-coveredblinds;we’llhavesmartglass.Windowscanautomaticallyadjust____45____(them)colortomakeupforexternalbrightness,protectingbothoureyesandscreens.Assummertemperaturescontinuetorise,thegeneraltrendfor2050iswarmer,driersummersaswellaswarmer,wetterwintersandair-conditionedclassrooms,____46____willbe-comethenorm(常態(tài)).Buttheywillbe____47____(clean),moreflexiblyandsustainable(可持續(xù)的),withbuilt-inairpurifierstoremovetoxinsanddustfromtheair.____48____2050,3Dprinterswillhavebecomeastandardappliance,bothinthehomeandatschool.As____49____learningaid,theywillhavebecomeessential,allowingteachersmoreflexi-blytoexplaindifficultconcepts.Studentswillbeableto____50____(physical)operateobjectsforbetterinformationprocess-ing,visualperception,andcognitive(認(rèn)知的)learning.（2023春·河北張家口·高二張北縣第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中）閱讀下列材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Paper-makingisoneofthemostsignificant___51___(invent)inhumanhistory,anditwasfirstdevelopedinancientChinaover2,000yearsago.Thisremarkableachievementtransformedthewaypeoplecommunicatedandrecordedinformation,___52___(pave)thewayforthebirthofmoderncivilization.Intheearlydaysofpaper-making,variousmaterials___53___(use)tocreatepaper,includingtreebark,hemp,andsilk.However,bythe2ndcenturyBC,amoreefficientmethodhadbeendevelopedusingmulberrybark(桑樹(shù)皮)andotherplantfibers.Aswordofpaper-makingspreadacrossChina,itquicklybecameanessentialpartofeverydaylife.Peopleusedpaperforeverything___54___writinglettersandkeepingrecordstocreatingartworkandprintingbooks.Bythe7thcenturyAD,theChinesehadeveninventedtheworld’sfirstmovabletypeprintingpress,___55___enabledthemtoproducebooksandotherprintedmaterialsonamassivescale.Thankstopaper-making,knowledgeandideascouldbesharedandpreservedlikeneverbefore.Thishelpedtospuradvancesinscience,medicine,art,andliterature,andlaidthefoundationformanyoftheculturaland___56___(technology)achievementsthatwetakeforgrantedtoday.Despite___57___(it)importance,paper-makingisoftenoverlookedindiscussionsofChina’sculturalheritage.However,effortsarebeingmade___58___(preserve)thisancientcraft,andthere___59___(be)arenewedinterestintraditionalChinesepaper-makingtechniquesinrecentyears.Today,visitorstoChinacanseepaper-makersatworkinsmallworkshopsandfactoriesthroughoutthecountry.Theycanalsovisitmuseumsandhistoricalsitesthatshowcase____60____creativityofChina’sancientpaper-makers.（2023·高二江蘇期中）語(yǔ)法填空。InNorthwestChina’sGansuProvince____61____(lie)ZhangyeNationalGeopark,whichisblessedwithasplendidDanxialandformarea____62____(cover)about1,289squarekilometers.TheDanxialandformsare____63____masterpieceofnature.Thecolorfulmountainridgesarejustlikeanoverturnedpalettefromheaven.Bandsoffieryred,creamyorange,richgreenandbrightyellowstreakacrossthemountain,forming____64____isknownasthemostbeautifulrainbowmountain.Theincrediblelandscapes____65____(create)bysandstoneandmineralspilingontopofoneanotherovertheyearsduetotectonicplatemovements.Wind,rain,andtimethencarvedtherockformationsandrollinghillsinto____66____(vary)extraordinaryshapes,includingtowers,pillarsandvalleys.____67____(declare)aUNESCOWorldHeritagesitein2010andanationalgeoparkin2011,thelandformhasbecomeatoptourist____68____(attract).Theparkfeaturesaseriesofboardwalksthatallowvisitorstowalkaroundthecolorfulsandstonelandscapes.Thereareviewingplatforms____69____(special)designed,enablingtouriststogetclosetothehillsandfeasttheireyesonthemagnificentsightswithoutdamagingthefragileecosystem.Shuttlebusserviceisavailable,making_____70_____easyfortouriststogetaroundthepark.（2023春·湖南郴州·高二嘉禾縣第一中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）ShanghaiDisneyland,Beijing’sUniversalthemepark,Zhejiang’sHelloKittythemepark,DalianDiscoverylandThemePark—thelistgrows____71____(quick).ThemeparksarebecomingbigbusinessinChina.ChinaWandaGrouphasbuilt____72____(it)11th“CulturalTourismCity”inGuilin,Guangxi.CarnivalGroupisplanning____73____(build)tenmorethemeparksinChinaby2020.AndDalianHaichangGroupalsowantstoopenfourthemeparksinthe____74____(follow)fiveyears.Chinanowhas300themeparksorsonationwide.However,modementertainment____75____(center)forfamilyvisitsarestillinshortsupplyinmanycities,so____76____numberoflargethemeparksinChinawillstillbe____77____theincrease.US-basedcompanyAECOMbelievesChinawillreplaceAmericatobecomethelargestthemeparkmarketby2020,having221millionvisitseveryyear,____78____(two)asmanyasthosein2015.Buttheindustryisnotuniversallygood.70percentofthemeparksinChina____79____(suffer)economiclossesatthemomentand20percenthavenearlygonebroke,accordingtoasurvey_____80_____(make)byQianzhanIndustryResearchInstitute.（2023春·湖北十堰·高二房縣第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí)）InSarekNationalPark,Iwokeuptothesoundofthewind____81____(buffet)theclothofmytent.Standingontheedgeofthemountain,Ifoundafew____82____(branch)oftheRapaRiverflowingthroughthevalleybelow.Sarek’smountainsused____83____(cover)byvastsheetsofice.Around9,000yearsago,thisice____84____(melt),withabout100glaciers____85____(leave)behind.Soonafter,reindeerbegantoarrive.Followingthereindeer____86____(be)theSamipeople,whomadethisterritorytheirhome.In1909,thegovernmentmadeSarekanationalparktokeepthelandinitsnaturalstate.Forhundredsofyears,lookingafterreindeerwasawayoflifefortheSami.Withreindeer____87____themove,theSamiwouldpickuptheirtentsandaccompanythem.Today,mostSamihavehousesinvillagesnearSarekandlive____88____modernlife.Buteveryspring,someSamistillfollowtheirreindeerintothevalleysofSarek,____89____theyliveintentsandenjoytheirtraditions.IamnotaSami,butinSarekI’veadoptedsomeoftheirhabits.Forexample,thismorningmybreakfastisflatbreadwarmedoverafireandsome_____90_____(extreme)deliciousberriesthatIfoundgrowingnearmytent.（2022秋·廣西桂林·高二?？计谥校╅喿x下面短文，在空白處填人1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Youprobablyhaveeverbeenwarnedagainstusingcertainhandgestureswhen____91____(travel)abroad.Themeaningsofhandgesturesdifferso____92____(great)indifferentcountries.Butdoyouknowtherelationshipbetweenbodylanguage____93____groups?MarkMoffett,authorofTheHumanSuarm,describesourneedtobelongtoacertaingroup.Weare____94____(safe)inagroupthaninoneperson.Wetrustthem,theyprotectus,andtheyshare____95____samevaluesandbeliefsasus.Wewillevengotowartofightforourgroup.Humansattractthosepeople____96____aremembersoftheirowngroup.Thisisbecauseweliketobeabletopredictthe____97____(action)ofothersandbelongingtoagroupenablesthis.Outsiderstoourgroup____98____(be)foreignandunknown.Therefore,theymaybe____99____(danger),unpredictableorthreatening.Soitisimportanttorecognizetheseoutsiderstoourgroup.Therearemanythingshelpingusidentifythesestrangersoroutsiders—theclothestheywearandthewaytheyspeak.Now,expertsknowthattheirbodylanguageisalsoanindicator.Inourancestors’times,knowing_____100_____someoneisafriendorfoe(對(duì)手)couldmeanthedifferencebetweentotalannihilation(滅絕)oftheirfamilyorthesurvivaloftheirgenes.（2023春·新疆阿克蘇·高二校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí)）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Indailylife,bodylanguageplaysanimportantpartin____101____(communicate).Bywatchingbodylanguage,wecanlearnalotabout____102____peoplearethinking.Justlikethewordsweuse,bodylanguagealsovariesfromculturetoculture.Thecrucialthingisthatbodylanguageshouldbe____103____(appropriate)used.Forexample,makingeyecontactinsomecountriesisaway____104____(display)interest.Inothercountries,bycontrast,notalleyecontact____105____(approve)of.Therearealsosome____106____(different)inhowwetouchsomeonewearetalkingto.IncountrieslikeFranceandRussia,peoplemaykisstheirfriendson____107____cheekwhentheymeet.Elsewhere,peoplefavourshakinghands,bowingfromthewaist,ornoddingtheheadwhentheymeetsomeoneelse.Somebodylanguage____108____(have)manydifferentuses.Perhapsthecommonexampleissmiling.Asmilecanhelpusgetthroughdifficultsituations.Asmilecanbreakdownbarriers.Wecanuseasmiletoapologize,togreetsomeone,ortoaskforhelp.Expertssuggest____109____(smile)atyourselfinthemirrortomakeyourselffeelhappier.Andifwearefeelingdownorlonely,thereisnothingbetter_____110_____seeingthesmilingfaceofagoodfriend.（2022秋·廣東揭陽(yáng)·高二惠來(lái)縣第一中學(xué)?？计谥校╅喿x下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。While____111____(travel)inSweden,Icameacrossanincident,whichmademe____112____(embarrass).Oneday,IwaswalkinginthestreetwhenIsawanadorablebabywhowassmilingatme,soItalkedtothemotherandkissedthebabyonthecheek.Tomysurprise,themotherstaredatmeforawhileandthenleft____113____(angry).WhenIreturnedtothehotel,Isetout____114____(learn)somethingaboutbodylanguage.Muchevidencerevealsthatifyouknowlittleaboutbodylanguage,youareunlikelytoenjoythe____115____(interact)withpeoplefromanothercountry.____116____weallknow,bodylanguage____117____(vary)fromculturetoculture.Youmustbewellawareofwhether____118____isappropriateforyoutodosomethingonsome____119____(occasion).Inaddition,you’dbetterpayattentiontohowanotherpersonreactstoyourwordsorbodylanguage,sothatyoucanadjustyourself_____120_____theculturethere.（2023春·福建三明·高二統(tǒng)考期中）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。SunZhenchu,an86-year-oldmanin2022,whogothisdriver’slicenseinaboutayear,hassurprisedandinspirednetizensinChinanotonlybecauseofhisage.ThemotivationbehindSunZhenchu’s____121____(take)thedrivingtestsistocareforhiswife.Sun’swifedidn’tgooutmuchafter____122____operation.Afterthepolicythatpeopleover70canapply____123____adriver’slicensewasissued,Sun____124____(immediate)becameanelderlytraineeatalocaldrivertrainingschoolinZhejiangProvinceandmanaged____125____(pass)thefourexams,receivingperfectscoresontwoofthem.AftergettinghislicenseinMarch,Sunboughtanelectricvehicletotakehiswifeshoppingforgroceries,tothehospitalorsightseeingalongtheQiantangRiver.____126____astonishedpeoplemostwasSun’scareer—hewasaspecialistinnuclearweaponsandmadegreat____127____(contribute)tothenation.Aftergraduationin1964,Sun____128____(select)asoneoftheresearcherstoparticipateinChina’sfirstatomicbombtest.Afterthesuccessfultest,hewenttoBeijing,____129____hecontinuedtoconductresearchandtestingfornuclearweaponsfor32years.Heretiredin1995,buthedidnotstoplearningnewthings.InaspeechhedeliveredatZhejiangGongshangUniversityinlateJune,heencouragedgraduatestokeeplearningtostandoutina_____130_____(compete)andchallengingsociety.（2023秋·云南玉溪·高二統(tǒng)考期末）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。YuanLongping,knownas“thefatherofhybridrice”,isoneofChina’smostfamousscientists.Yet,heconsideredhimselfafarmerbecausehe____131____(continual)workedthelandinhisresearch.After____132____(graduate)fromSouthwestAgriculturalCollegeinChongqingin1953,heworked____133____aresearcher.Yuanmetachallengingquestionthatfarmersneededtoboostyieldsinthefieldstheyhad,buthewasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthe____134____(create)ofhybridrice.Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercamemanytechnical____135____(difficult)todevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.Today,it____136____(estimate)thatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumpti