寒假分層作業(yè)13 閱讀理解專練（解析版）-2024年七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)寒假培優(yōu)練

PAGEPAGE1限時(shí)練習(xí)：40min完成時(shí)間：月日天氣：作業(yè)13閱讀理解專練初中閱讀理解主要題型：細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測(cè)題、主旨大意題。其中細(xì)節(jié)理解題所占分值較大。細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題包括：細(xì)節(jié)題、是非題、排序題、圖表題、計(jì)算題。解題方法：1)讀題干，選定關(guān)鍵詞2)通過(guò)跳讀的方式鎖定相關(guān)句子3)結(jié)合信息對(duì)比4個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行信息加工轉(zhuǎn)換（同義反義轉(zhuǎn)換、圖文轉(zhuǎn)換、數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換等）4)排除干擾項(xiàng)，篩選答案正確答案的特點(diǎn)：1)同義替換：答案一般將原文中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行了同義替換2)語(yǔ)言講話：把原文中的復(fù)雜語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化，設(shè)置為答案3)正話反說(shuō)：把原文的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)干擾選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：1)張冠李戴：是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容

2)無(wú)中生有：符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容

3)曲解文意：與原文內(nèi)容及其相似，只是在某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)處有些變動(dòng)

4)顛倒是非：意思上與原文很大不同或完全相反

5)正誤參半：部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤推理判斷題做此類題時(shí)，盡量考慮文中全部信息或事實(shí)，在通篇理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，借助一定的常識(shí)，做出正確的推理和判斷。做推理判斷題要注意兩點(diǎn)：一是推理，二是判斷，兩者密不可分。推斷題結(jié)論要靠推斷得出，而不是照搬原文。但是，推理時(shí)務(wù)必忠實(shí)于原文，在文章中尋找可推論的線索和依據(jù)，切忌隨意揣測(cè)，把自己的觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)成作者的觀點(diǎn)。解決此類題要注意：一是與原文相同的細(xì)節(jié)不能選；二是不能跳出文章做推斷。正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：1)正確選項(xiàng)一般含義比較豐富，具有一定的綜合性和概括性；2)正確選項(xiàng)的表述一般不會(huì)太絕對(duì)，而是會(huì)用一些相對(duì)寬泛的詞匯，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably等；3)正確選項(xiàng)有時(shí)候與通過(guò)常識(shí)判斷得出的結(jié)論相反，要特別注意。干擾選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：1)只是原文的簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)述，而非推斷出的結(jié)論；2)看似從原文推斷出來(lái)的結(jié)論，然而實(shí)際上與原文不符；3)根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷是正確的，然而不是在文章事實(shí)或上下文邏輯基礎(chǔ)上推理而得出的觀點(diǎn)；4)雖然以文章提供的事實(shí)或內(nèi)在邏輯為依據(jù)，但推理過(guò)頭、概括過(guò)度；5)部分選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容純屬編造。三、主旨大意題解題技巧：1)抓住主題句：a.首尾段：開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山/總結(jié)概括；b.各段首句（段落主題句）2)看但是，抓結(jié)果：轉(zhuǎn)折詞(but,yet,however)之后的句子、因果詞(so,because...)之后的句子。3)特別注意中文提示詞和重復(fù)次數(shù)最多的名詞四、詞義猜測(cè)題1)代入，在語(yǔ)境中理解猜測(cè)

2)構(gòu)詞法一、（2022秋·江蘇南通·七年級(jí)啟東市長(zhǎng)江中學(xué)?？计谀〥oyoulovefastfood?Why?Howoftendoyoueatit?200peoplejoinedoursurvey（調(diào)查）.Andhereistheresult.1．6%ofthepeopleeatfastfood________.A．twiceaweek B．threetimesaweek C．morethanthreetimesaweek D．everyday2．44peoplelovefastfoodbecauseit’s________.A．cheap B．delicious C．healthy D．convenient3．________ofthepeoplelikefastfoodbecausetheycantakeitaway.A．12% B．14% C．22% D．24%4．Whatcanwelearnfromtheresult?A．Allpeoplelovefastfood. B．Fastfoodmakespeoplefat.C．Peopleeatfastfoodonweekends. D．Somepeopledon’tknowwhatfoodishealthier.【答案】1．D2．B3．A4．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹一項(xiàng)關(guān)于快餐的調(diào)查。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一幅圖“Everyday6％”可知，6％的人每天吃快餐，故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二幅圖“Ittastesgood.”可知，44個(gè)人認(rèn)為快餐很美味，故選B。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二幅圖“24Icantakeitaway.”可知，24個(gè)人認(rèn)為快餐可以帶走，總調(diào)查人數(shù)是200人，所以比例是12%，故選A。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二幅圖“Idon’tknowwhatfoodishealthier.”可知，有些人不知道什么食物更健康，故選D。二、（2022上·江蘇蘇州·七年級(jí)統(tǒng)考期末）EdinburghisthecapitalcityofScotland.It’sanimportantindustrial,politicalandbusinesscentre,withapopulationofabout450,000people,andit’salsoabusytouristcity.It’sontheeastcoastofScotland.TherearemanylandmarkbuildingsinthecitysuchasEdinburghCastleandtheScottishParliament,aswellasmanyinterestingmuseumsandartgalleries(美術(shù)館).Peoplesometimescallit“TheAthensoftheNorth”.Edinburghisalsoanimportantcentreforculture.TheEdinburghFestivaltakesplaceeveryJulyandattractspeoplefromallovertheworld.Edinburghisalsofamousasthehomeofwell-knownwriterssuchasJ.K.Rowling,whowroteHarryPotter,andSirWalterScott,whowrotemanynovelsaboutScottishlife.Thereisastatueofhiminthecentreofthecity,theScottMonument.TheOldTownisaverygoodareaforshopping.Thestreetsareverynarrow,andit’salwayscrowdedwithtouristsandshoppers,especiallyatweekends.There’salsoastreetmarketonSaturdaymorningswhereyoucanfindallkindsofartsandcrafts.Edinburghisagreatplacetovisit,ortolive.Butifyoucometovisit,bringsomewarmclothesbecauseitcangetcold,especiallyintheevening!1．Edinburghisanimportantcenterof.①culture②politics③history④industry⑤businessA．①②③④ B．①②④⑤ C．①③④⑤ D．①②③⑤2．Accordingtothe2??paragraph,whatcanwedoinEdinburgh?A．VisitthehomeofHarryPotter.B．Buysomeartworksinastreetmarket.C．TakepartinEdinburghFestivalinJune.D．TakephotoswiththestatusofJ.K.Rowling.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertointhe2??paragraph?A．Edinburgh.B．Thestreets.C．TheOldTown.D．Thestreetmarket.4．WhatisNOTintroducedinthepassage?A．WaystogettoEdinburgh.B．ThelocationofEdinburgh.C．WhattowearinEdinburgh.D．ThefamousbuildingsinEdinburgh.5．Whatkindofarticleisthis?A．Adiary B．Aposter. C．Acitymap. D．Atourguide.【答案】1．B2．B3．B4．A5．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了愛(ài)丁堡是蘇格蘭的重要的工業(yè)、政治、商業(yè)和文化中心。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“EdinburghisthecapitalcityofScotland.It’sanimportantindustrial,politicalandbusinesscentre,withapopulationofabout450,000people,andit’salsoabusytouristcity.”及“Edinburghisalsoanimportantcentreforculture.”可知，愛(ài)丁堡是蘇格蘭的文化、政治、工業(yè)和商業(yè)中心。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“There’salsoastreetmarketonSaturdaymorningswhereyoucanfindallkindsofartsandcrafts.”可知，在愛(ài)丁堡可以在街市上買些藝術(shù)品。故選B。3．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Thestreetsareverynarrow,andit’salwayscrowdedwithtouristsandshoppers,especiallyatweekends.”可知，劃線單詞it指代的是上文提到的街道。故選B。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“It’sontheeastcoastofScotland.TherearemanylandmarkbuildingsinthecitysuchasEdinburghCastleandtheScottishParliament,aswellasmanyinterestingmuseumsandartgalleries(美術(shù)館).”及“Butifyoucometovisit,bringsomewarmclothesbecauseitcangetcold,especiallyintheevening!”可知，文中沒(méi)有提及“去愛(ài)丁堡的路”。故選A。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“It’sontheeastcoastofScotland.TherearemanylandmarkbuildingsinthecitysuchasEdinburghCastleandtheScottishParliament,aswellasmanyinterestingmuseumsandartgalleries(美術(shù)館).”及通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了愛(ài)丁堡這個(gè)城市，故推出這是一篇旅行指南。故選D。一、（2022秋·江蘇揚(yáng)州·揚(yáng)州中學(xué)教育集團(tuán)七年級(jí)?？计谀〢lotofpeopleplaysports,butveryfewpeoplebecomesportsprofessionals(專家).Ifsportsaren’tgoingtobeyourfuture,thenwhyshouldyouplaythem?Whyshouldyoutraineveryday?Whyshouldyouworkhardandfeelsorethenextday?Wouldn’titbebettertoforgetsportsandonlypayattentiontoyourlessons?Infact,therearealotofreasonstoplaysports.Firstofall,sportsareagreatwaytoexercise.Exercisingkeepsyouhealthyandstrong.Italsohelpsyoustayinagoodcondition.Whenyouexercise,yourbodymakesendorphinswhichgiveyoumoreenergyandmakeyoufeelhappier.Also,sportsteachyoungpeoplehowtocommunicateandworkasateam.Theyteachyoungpeopletorespect(尊重)theircoaches,teammatesandplayersfromtheotherteam.Manyreportssaythatsportshelpyoungpeoplestayoutoftrouble.Ifayoungpersonplayssports,heorshemayhavefewerproblems.Thisisbecausesportsteachpeopleaboutrules.Theyalsoteachpeoplethatiftheyworkhard,theymightsucceed.Anothergoodwayofsportsisthattheymakepeopleleavetheirhouses.Thesedays,alotofpeoplespendtoomuchtimewatchingtelevisionandplayingvideogames.Whenyouplaysports,yougooutsideandexerciseinthesun.Youtakeinfreshair.Allofthesethingsareimportant.Maybeyou’renotgoingtobecomeasportsprofessional,butthatdoesn’tmatter,sportswillhelpyoubecomeabetterandhappierperson.1．Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutsports?A．Whenendorphinsaremadeinourbody,?wewillgetangryeasily.B．Ifyoungpeopledomoresports,theywillhavemoreproblems.C．Whendoingsports,weshouldrespecteveryoneinthegame.D．Moreindoorexercisecanbringpeoplehappinessandhealth.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inParagraph3referto?A．Reports. B．Sports. C．Problems. D．Rules.3．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．SportsAreJustForProfessionals. B．SportsTeachPeopleToWorkHard.C．SportsAreGoodForPeople. D．SportsMakePeopleGoOutside.4．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructure(結(jié)構(gòu))ofthepassage?(P=Paragraph)A． B． C． D．【答案】1．C2．B3．C4．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了運(yùn)動(dòng)給人們帶來(lái)的好處。運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)幫助人們成為一個(gè)更好、更快樂(lè)的人。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Theyteachyoungpeopletorespect(尊重)theircoaches,teammatesandplayersfromtheotherteam.”可知，在做運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該尊重比賽中的每一個(gè)人。故選C。2．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Also,sportsteachyoungpeoplehowtocommunicateandworkasateam”可知，此處表示運(yùn)動(dòng)教會(huì)年輕人很多東西，故選B。3．標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)“Maybeyou’renotgoingtobecomeasportsprofessional,butthatdoesn’tmatter,sportswillhelpyoubecomeabetterandhappierperson.”可知，本文主要介紹了運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)人們的好處，故選C。4．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。第一段介紹有很多做運(yùn)動(dòng)的原因，第二段、第三段和第四段分別介紹運(yùn)動(dòng)的好處；第五段綜述運(yùn)動(dòng)的好處，因此文章結(jié)構(gòu)是總——分——總，故選A。二、（2022秋·江蘇南通·七年級(jí)啟東市長(zhǎng)江中學(xué)?？计谀㏕hefourtravellersseeabeautifulgreenlightintheskyinfrontofthem.“That’stheEmerald（翡翠）City,”Dorothysays.“Comeon!Itisn’tfarnow.”Soontheycometoabiggreenwall.There’sagateinit.It’sshiningintheafternoonsun.Dorothylooksatitcarefully.It’smadeofemeralds!Sheknocksonthedoor.Thegateopensandtheyallgoinside.Alittlemaningreenclothesisstandingtherewithabigbox.“WhatdoyouwantintheEmeraldCity?”hesays.“WewanttoseetheGreatOz,”Dorothyanswers.“It’simportant,”theScarecrowsays.“IamtheKeeperoftheGate,”thelittlemaningreensays.“IcantakeyoutohisPalace.Butbeforeyougothere,youmustputontheseglasses.”Hetakesfivepairsofglassesoutofthebox.Theglassintheglassesisemeraldgreen.“Why?”Dorothyasks.“EveryoneintheEmeraldCitywearsthem,”theKeeperoftheGatesays.Theyputontheglasses.Totohasapair,too.ThentheKeepertakesoutabiggoldkeyandopensanothergate.Dorothyissurprised.Everythingisgreen-thehousesandthestreets.Theskyisalsogreen.Childrenarebuyinggreenjuicewithgreenmoney.Meningreenclothesaredrivinggreencarsalongthegreenstreets.Everybodyissmiling.TheKeeperoftheGatetakesthemtoabigbuildinginthemiddleofthecity.Ozcannotseethemtoday,sotheymuststayinthePalaceforafewdays.Ayounggirltakesthemtotheirrooms.Theseroomsarebeautifulandcomfortable.Theyfeelverytirednow.—TakenfromTheWonderfulWizardofOz《綠野仙蹤》1．WhydoDorothyandherfriendsgototheEmeraldCity?A．BecausetheywanttoseeOz. B．Becausetheywanttobuyjuice.C．Becausetheywanttodriveacar. D．Becausetheywanttowearglasses.2．Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorder（順序）?a.Everyoneputsonglasses.b.Ayounggirltakesthemtotheirrooms.c.Thekeepertakesthemtoabigbuilding.d.Theyseeabeautifulgreenlight.e.Dorothyknocksonthedoor.A．d-e-a-c-b B．e-d-c-b-a C．b-e-d-c-a D．a(chǎn)-c-d-b-e3．Fromthispartofthestory,weseethat________.A．everythingisgreeninthe