中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)練專(zhuān)題11非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（原卷版）

專(zhuān)題11-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)清單（通用版）目錄考情分析： 11.動(dòng)詞不定式 12.動(dòng)名詞 43.分詞 54.牛刀小試 5考情分析：中考英語(yǔ)試題對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查主要是：1.it作形式主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的用法；2.感官動(dòng)詞后不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法；3.動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問(wèn)代詞和疑問(wèn)副詞的連用；4.一些特殊動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)就要帶to；5.有些動(dòng)詞既可以接不定式也可以接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，但是表達(dá)的意思不同。1.動(dòng)詞不定式（1）動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成：不定式的基本形式為：to+動(dòng)詞原形，有時(shí)可以不用to，這里的to是不定式符號(hào)，本身無(wú)詞義，動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)動(dòng)詞原形。（2）動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能：功能例句說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus.＝ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish．講英語(yǔ)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)不容易。作主語(yǔ)用的不定式，常常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把不定式放在后面。表語(yǔ)Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday．＝Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork．我的工作就是每天打掃這間屋子。多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語(yǔ)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?他喜歡做什么運(yùn)動(dòng)?—Helikestoplaybasketball．他喜歡打籃球。只能作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，一般不作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。賓補(bǔ)Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime．我媽媽讓我一直彈鋼琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官動(dòng)詞后，不定式省略to。定語(yǔ)Haveyougotanythingtosay?你有要說(shuō)的嗎?不定式作定語(yǔ)，要放在所修飾詞的后面。狀語(yǔ)I’msorrytotroubleyou．(表原因)很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish．(表目的)我去圖書(shū)館學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。不定式作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)要和句子的主語(yǔ)一致。1)不定式作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It+be+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+動(dòng)詞不定式。如：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful．→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell．學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很有用。It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment．保護(hù)環(huán)境對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。如：It’sverykindofyoutohelpme．你幫助我真是太好啦。It’sverycleverofyoutodolikethat．你那樣做真是太聰明啦!2)不定式作賓語(yǔ)①一些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：wouldlike，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如：Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?你今晚想去看電影嗎?②在find，think后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在句末。如：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday．我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語(yǔ)很容易。③常見(jiàn)的一些不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式：whynotdo...，whydon’tyoudo...，hadbetter(not)do...，wouldratherdo，could/would/willyouplease(not)do...如：Iwouldratherstayintheroom．我寧愿待在房間里。3)不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：tell，ask，want，allow，get，wouldlike，encourage后常跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio．露西讓他關(guān)小收音機(jī)。MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese．我媽媽鼓勵(lì)我學(xué)日語(yǔ)。還有一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有：一感(feel)、二聽(tīng)(hear，listento)、三讓(let，make，have)、四看(lookat，see，watch，notice)，但變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，必須加上to。如：Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss．老板讓我的朋友們工作了一整夜。4)不定式作定語(yǔ)①不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。②如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如：Thereisnothingtoworryabout．沒(méi)有什么可擔(dān)心的。5)不定式常和疑問(wèn)詞what，which，when，where，how連用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。如：Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo．老師正告訴學(xué)生們做什么。Hedidn’tknowwheretogo．(wheretogo＝whereheshouldgo)他不知道去哪里。2.動(dòng)名詞（1）動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成：一般由“動(dòng)詞原形+-ing”構(gòu)成。（2）動(dòng)名詞的句法功能：功能例句說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth．吃得太多對(duì)你的健康有害。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch．我非常喜歡打籃球。表示一般的習(xí)慣或抽象行為或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。介詞賓語(yǔ)Stampsareusedforsendingletters．郵票是被用來(lái)寄信的。表語(yǔ)Hishobbyiscollectingstamps．＝Collectingstampsishishobby．他的愛(ài)好是集郵。多數(shù)情況下，動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換成作主語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)Sheisinthereadingroom．她在閱覽室里。Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods．我們應(yīng)該改進(jìn)教學(xué)方法。只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等。置于所修飾詞之前。英語(yǔ)中有一些詞后面常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。初中階段常見(jiàn)的有：finish，enjoy，mind，miss，beworth，bebusy，practice，havefun，havetrouble/problem(in)，spend...(in)，feellike，beusedto(習(xí)慣于)，giveup，keepon，consider，suggest，can’thelp可按下面的順口溜記憶這些詞：完成實(shí)踐值得忙(finish，practice，beworth，bebusy)繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄(keepon，beusedto，giveup)考慮建議不禁想(consider，suggest，can’thelp，feellike)喜歡思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)3.分詞（1）分詞的構(gòu)成：分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩種?，F(xiàn)在分詞的基本形式由“動(dòng)詞+-ing”構(gòu)成；過(guò)去分詞的基本形式是“動(dòng)詞+-ed”，但也有不規(guī)則的形式。（2）分詞的句法功能：功能例句說(shuō)明定語(yǔ)Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?你認(rèn)識(shí)站在樹(shù)下面的那位女孩嗎?Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercises．請(qǐng)交上你們的筆試練習(xí)?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是它所修飾的詞；過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，其邏輯賓語(yǔ)是它所修飾的詞。狀語(yǔ)Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom，talkingandlaughing．學(xué)生們談笑著走出了教室。Seenfromthehill，ourschoollooksmorebeautiful．從小山上看，我們學(xué)校顯得更美麗了。分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)Thesituationisencouraging．形勢(shì)令人鼓舞。Theboyistoofrightenedtomove．這個(gè)男孩太害怕了，以至于不能動(dòng)了?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征；過(guò)去分詞表示某種狀態(tài)。補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Don’tkeepuswaitingforalongtime．不要讓我們等得太久。Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom．我聽(tīng)到他正在教室里唱歌呢。He’llhavehishaircutafterschool．放學(xué)后他要去理發(fā)?，F(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，被補(bǔ)足的賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)是它的邏輯主語(yǔ)(即主動(dòng)關(guān)系)；過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，被補(bǔ)足的賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)是它的邏輯賓語(yǔ)(即被動(dòng)關(guān)系)。4.牛刀小試1．（2022·吉林長(zhǎng)春·中考真題）________heavytraffic,pleasegetupandsetoutearly.A．Toavoid B．Avoid C．Avoiding D．Avoided2．（2022·遼寧丹東·中考真題）Ifeachofusmakesefforts_______

somethingmeaningful,oursocietywillbecomebetter

andbetter.A．tolose B．tobelost C．todo D．tobedone3．（2022·貴州黔西·中考真題）Mostofthestudentsarelookingforwardto________themselvesaftertheexams.A．work B．working C．relax D．relaxing4．（2022·遼寧大連·中考真題）Ihope________inmyhometownafterIfinishschool.A．work B．works C．working D．towork5．（2022·廣西玉林·中考真題）—Safetycomesfirst!Everyoneshouldstopthekidsfrom________inthelakeorriver.—Lifeisvaluable.Kidsmustremember________theschoolrules.A．swim;tofollow B．swim;followingC．swimming;following D．swimming;tofollow6．（2022·廣西河池·中考真題）Iusuallyspendtime________inthelibraryonweekends.A．read B．reading C．reads D．toread7．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）Thehighschoolinvitedafamousscientist_______atalkonWorldEarthDay.A．giving B．togive C．give D．given8．（2022·廣西·中考真題）Ourteacheroftentellsus_________acrosstheroadwhenthetrafficlightisred.A．go B．going C．don’tgo D．nottogo9．（2022·廣西貴港·中考真題）—Amy,don’tforget________yourmask(口罩)whenyougoout.—Don’tworry,mom.Iwill.A．wear B．wears C．towear D．wearing10．（2022·四川雅安·中考真題）Teenagersoftenlistentopopmusic_________.A．relax B．torelax C．relaxing D．relaxed11．（2022·黑龍江綏化·中考真題）Hollyprefersplayingthepianoto________theviolin.Listen!She________thepianoinherroom.A．play;isplaying B．playing;plays C．playing;isplaying12．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·中考真題）Nancydidn’tknowanyoneinthenewschool,soshedecidedtojoinanafter-schoolclub________somenewfriends.A．tomeet B．meet C．met D．meets13．（2022·貴州黔東南·中考真題）Anoldman________onthesideoftheroadwasfound________,andhewassenttothehospitalbythebusdriverandpassengersimmediately.A．lies;dies B．lay;died C．lain;dead D．lying;dying14．（2022·貴州黔東南·中考真題）Thereisnodoubt_________HarryPotterisworth_________.A．whether,read B．if;toread C．that;reading D．a(chǎn)s;beingread15．（2022·貴州銅仁·中考真題）—Mr.Chen,mykidissleeping.Wouldyoumind______yourradio?—Sorry.I’lldoitatonce.A．turningdown B．turndown C．turningup D．turnup16．（2022·貴州銅仁·中考真題）—Doyouknowtherearemorethan3,000languages______intheworld?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A．speaking B．spoken C．speak D．spoke17．（2022·貴州畢節(jié)·中考真題）Manypeoplehavelosttheirhomesbecauseofwars.It’simportantforpeople________apeacefulworld.A．have B．had C．tohave D．tobehaving18．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真題）Theteachertoldus________toomuchnoisebecausetheotherstudentswerehavinganexam.A．tonotmake B．nottomake C．notmake D．notmaking19．（2022·四川廣元·中考真題）TheGreatWallissofamousthatalargenumberoftravellerswish______it.A．visit B．visiting C．tovisit D．visited20．（2022·江蘇宿遷·中考真題）—MissLi,canyoutellmehowtoimprovemywritingskills?—Certainly.Iadviseyou________adiaryinEnglisheveryday.A．tokeep B．keeping C．kept D．keeps21．（2022·天津·中考真題）Thepaintingisreallyvaluabletohim.Hewillneveragree________it.A．sell B．sells C．sold D．tosell22．（2022·江蘇揚(yáng)州·中考真題）________thepeoplelockedinside,thefiremenbrokedownthedoor.A．Reach B．Toreach C．Reaching D．Toreaching23．（2022·云南昆明·中考真題）Boysandgirls,goodluckandwishyou________goodgradesonyournewjourney!A．cutting B．tocut C．getting D．toget24．（2022·云南·中考真題）Ifyouwant________yourpronunciation,keeponpracticingeveryday.A．improve B．improved C．improving D．toimprove25．（2022·江蘇連云港·中考真題）Kitty,thesebooksare________heavyforyou________carry.Letmehelpyou.A．a(chǎn)s…as B．too…to C．such…that D．so…that26．（2022·江蘇連云港·中考真題）Welearned________toworkasateambycompletingthetask.A．what B．which C．how D．who27．（2022·四川達(dá)州·中考真題）Thelocalgovernmentadvisespeople________tootherplaces________itisnotnecessaryduringthepandemic.A．travel;unless B．tonottravel;if C．nottotravel;unless D．nottotravel;if28．（2022·四川達(dá)州·中考真題）—Hurryup,Jason!We’regoingtothecinema,buttheclothesstillneed________.—Don’tworry.Ithinkthirtyminutes________enough.A．washing;are B．towash;are C．towash;is D．washing;is29．（2022·四川瀘州·中考真題）Asteenagers,wearenotallowed________mobilephonesintoschoolsothatwecanfocusonourschoolwork.A．bring B．tobring C．bringing D．brought30．（2022·江蘇南通·二模）LiuGenghongandhiswife’slivefitnessshowhastakentheInternetbystorm.Theyhaveencouragedmillionsofonlineaudience________them.A．join B．joined C．joining D．tojoin31．（2022·吉林·長(zhǎng)春市第一〇八學(xué)校模擬預(yù)測(cè)）________pronunciation,IfindapartnertopracticespokenEnglishwith.A．Improve B．Improving C．Toimprove D．Improved32．（2022·山東青島·二模）Heranasfastashecould________thebusbuthefailed.A．catch B．tocatch C．catches D．caught33．（2022·甘肅武威·二模）InChina,policemenarebraveenough________people’slives.A．save B．saves C．saving D．tosave34．（2022·貴州銅仁·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Ican’tunderstandthenewword.Wouldyoumind________ittome?A．explaining B．toexplain C．explains D．explain35．（2022·吉林長(zhǎng)春·二模）Whatdidyouthinkofstudyingabroad?Didyoumind________awayfromhomeforsolong?A．be B．being C．tobe D．tobeing36．（2022·吉林長(zhǎng)春·二模）Maryneedstocomeupwithaplan________allthestudentsabouttheschoolclear-up.A．tell B．telling C．totell D．told37．（2022·山東濟(jì)南·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Myteacherencouragedme________Englishasmuchaspossible.A．tospeak B．speak C．speaking D．spoke38．（2022·吉林·長(zhǎng)春市第一〇八學(xué)校模擬預(yù)測(cè)）________,you’dbetterspeakEnglishasmuchasyoucan.A．Improving

your

spoken

EnglishB．To

improve

your

spoken

EnglishC．Improves

your

spoken

EnglishD．Improve

your

spoken

English39．（2022·江蘇·泰興市濟(jì)川初級(jí)中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè)）In1987,GongLiplayedaleadrole________RedSorghum,afilm________uponanovel________byMoYanwhohasjustwontheNobelPrizeforLiterature.A．in;basing;writing B．a(chǎn)s;based;writingC．a(chǎn)s;based;written D．in;based;written40．（2022·江蘇·蘇州市平江中學(xué)校一模）________moreabouttheDIYcourseatweekends,visitthewebsite.A．Know B．Knew C．Knowing D．Toknow41．（2022·湖北·黃石市有色中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Pleasetellmethewayyouthoughtof________thegarden.A．takecareof B．totakecareof C．takingcareof D．totakecare42．（2022·廣西梧州·二模）—Thelightinyourbedroomisstillon.—Oh,sorry!Iforgot________itoff.A．turn B．turned C．toturn D．turning43．（2022·云南·盈江縣教育體育局教育科研中心模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Exceptfor________hard,weshouldpaymoreattentiontoproperexerciseandenoughsleep.Afterall,healthalwayscomesfirst.A．work B．works C．working