中考英語復習知識點練專題14被動語態(tài)（原卷版）

專題14-被動語態(tài)中考英語知識清單（通用版）目錄考情分析： 11.被動語態(tài)的結構 12.主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉換 23.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) 24.含有雙賓語的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài) 35.含有短語動詞的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài) 36.帶有復合賓語的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài) 37.變被動語態(tài)的其他注意點 48.牛刀小試 4考情分析：中考要求掌握：動詞的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)區(qū)別與使用，不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式及情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)形式。英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)，主動語態(tài)表示句子的主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者；被動語態(tài)是表示句子的主語是謂語動作的承受者。如：Weoftencleantheblackboard.（我們是擦黑板的執(zhí)行者即主動語態(tài)）Theblackboardisoftencleanedbyus.（黑板是clean的承受者即被動語態(tài)）。1.被動語態(tài)的結構一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are+及物動詞的過去分詞一般過去時：was/were+及物動詞的過去分詞一般將來時：will/shallbe+及物動詞的過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時：have/hasbeen+及物動詞的過去分詞現(xiàn)在進行時：am/is/arebeing+及物動詞的過去分詞過去完成時：hadbeen+及物動詞的過去分詞如：Youarewantedonthephone.有你的電話。Chinawasliberatedin1949.1949年中國解放。Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.明天將對這個問題進行討論。Notabookinthelibraryhasbeentakenaway.圖書館里沒有一本書被人拿走。Mybikeisbeingrepaired.我的自行車正在修理。ThebookhadbeenborrowedwhenIgottothelibrary.我到了圖書館時,那本書已經借出去了。2.主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉換（1）把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。（2）把謂語變成被動結構（be＋過去分詞），根據被動語態(tài)句子里主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定be的形式。（3）把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.→Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.→Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.

Hecutdownatree.→Atreewascutdownbyhim.3.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由“情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞”構成，原來帶to的情態(tài)動詞變成被動語態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.→Itshouldbedoneatonce.4.含有雙賓語的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)主動語態(tài):主語+謂語動詞+間接、直接賓語+其他被動語態(tài):間接賓語+be+過去分詞+直接賓語+其他(比較常用)或:直接賓語+be+過去分詞+介詞(for/to)+間接賓語+其他如：Myfathergavemeanewbookonmybirthday.→Iwasgivenanewbookonmybirthday(bymyfather).→Anewbookwasgiventomeonmybirthday(bymyfather).Myfatherboughtmeanewcomputeryesterday.→Iwasboughtanewcomputeryesterday(bymyfather).→Anewcomputerwasboughtformeyesterday(bymyfather).我的父親昨天給我買了一臺新電腦。5.含有短語動詞的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)有些相當于及物動詞的短語動詞,如“動詞+介詞”,“動詞+副詞”等,也可用于被動語態(tài),但要把它們看作一個整體,不能分開。如：Shelooksafterhergrandmother.→Hergrandmotherislookedafter(byher).她照顧她的祖母。6.帶有復合賓語的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)帶有復合賓語(賓語+賓語補足語)的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,只把賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語,原來的賓語補足語不動。如：Histeacherfoundhimaverygoodpupil.→Hewasfoundaverygoodpupilbyhisteacher.他的老師發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個很好的學生。7.變被動語態(tài)的其他注意點（1）在主動句中,let,make,see,hear等動詞后作賓補的動詞不定式不帶to,但在被動句中,則要保留to。如：Linda’sparentsmakeherpracticethepianoeverySunday.→LindaismadetopracticethepianoeverySunday.琳達的父母親使她每天練習鋼琴。（2）有些及物動詞如have(有),reach,cost等,以及有些連系動詞如smell,taste,sound,feel等,不用于被動語態(tài)。如：【誤】Fivedollarsiscostbythisbook.【正】Thisbookcostsfivedollars.書花費了5元。【誤】Thefoodistastednice.【正】Thefoodtastesnice.食物嘗起來挺好。（3）如move,lock,shut,open等作不及物動詞與can’t,won’t等連用時,以及如read,write,wash,clean等作不及物動詞與well,easily等副詞連用時,已含有被動意義,因此形式上不再采用被動結構。如：Thedoorwon’topen.門不能開了。Theclotheswashwell.衣服洗好了。8.牛刀小試1．（2022·湖北黃石·中考真題）—Doyouthinkjuniorhighschoolstudents________togettheirearspierced?—No,Idon’tthinkso.Itisagainsttheschoolrules.A．shouldallow B．allow C．haveallowed D．shouldbeallowed2．（2022·吉林長春·中考真題）LiYan________tothewelcomepartyyesterday.A．invites B．isinvited C．wasinvited D．willinvite3．（2022·遼寧丹東·中考真題）—DoChinesepeoplelikeping-pongalot?—Yes.It_______bypeopleofallages.A．plays B．isplayed C．played D．wasplayed4．（2022·遼寧撫順·中考真題）It’ssaidthatthekite_______inChinaover2000yearsago.A．invents B．invented C．wasinvented D．isinvented5．（2022·山東濟南·中考真題）ThestoryofXiaohuiissotouchingthatitwillnever________byus.A．isforgotten B．forget C．beforgotten D．forgot6．（2022·湖南益陽·中考真題）—Studentsinourschool________toswimintheriversorlakesalone.—Neitherarewe.Afterall,safetymustcomefirst.A．allow B．don’tallow C．aren’tallowed7．（2022·湖南株洲·中考真題）ThreeChineseastronauts（宇航員）________toChinaSpaceStationsuccessfullyonJune5,2022.A．sent B．aresent C．weresent8．（2022·遼寧大連·中考真題）IntheWolongPandaReserve,visitors________togetclosertopandas.A．allow B．allowed C．areallowing D．areallowed9．（2022·廣西梧州·中考真題）ThreeChineseastronauts________intospaceonJune5th,2022.A．weretaking B．aretakingC．weretaken D．aretaken10．（2022·山東濱州·中考真題）The24thWinterOlympics________inBeijingandZhangjiakouin2022,fromFebruary4thto20th.A．held B．washeld C．willbeheld D．hasbeenheld11．（2022·遼寧盤錦·中考真題）It’ssaidthattea_________forthefirsttimeabout5,000yearsago.A．drinks B．drank C．isdrunk D．wasdrunk12．（2022·廣西河池·中考真題）Somenewschools________inourcitynextyear.A．arebuilt B．werebuilt C．willbuild D．willbebuilt13．（2022·遼寧營口·中考真題）Aspeechonrobots________intheschoolhallnextFridayafternoon.A．isgiven B．willbegivenC．wasgiven D．hasbeengiven14．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）It’salongtime!Ican’trememberwhenthispicture_______inJinshanPark.A．wastaken B．takes C．istaken D．took15．（2022·遼寧朝陽·中考真題）It’ssaidthattea__________byaccidentaboutfivethousandyearsago.A．wasinvented B．isinvented C．willbeinvented D．wereinvented16．（2022·廣西·中考真題）Chinese_________bymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.A．speak B．speaks C．isspeaking D．isspoken17．（2022·湖南郴州·中考真題）Anewsupermarket________onCenterStreetnextyear.A．wasbuilt B．willbebuilt C．isbuilt18．（2022·廣西貴港·中考真題）—People________totaketheirtemperaturesbeforetheygointothesupermarketduringtheCOVID-19pandemic(新冠疫情).—Ithinkit’sagoodwaytoprotectourselves.A．areasking B．areasked C．asked D．ask19．（2022·北京·中考真題）Onourfarm,thetealeaves________byhandwhentheyareready.A．pick B．picked C．arepicked D．werepicked20．（2022·江蘇徐州·中考真題）I________byaliensonmywayhometheotherday.Doyoubelieveme?A．haveattacked B．wasattacked C．wasattacking D．amattacked21．（2022·四川雅安·中考真題）The24thWinterOlympicGames________inFebruary,2022,Beijing.A．hold B．held C．isheld D．washeld22．（2022·遼寧遼寧·中考真題）Fivemoreclubs________nextweektomakeourschoolliferichandcolorful.A．setup B．aresetup C．willbesetup D．weresetup23．（2022·貴州銅仁·中考真題）—Mum,couldIwatchthemovieTheBattleatChangjinLaketonight?—Ofcourse,ifyourhomework______.A．finishes B．finished C．wasfinished D．isfinished24．（2022·貴州畢節(jié)·中考真題）TheForbiddenCity(紫禁城),thelargestpalaceintheworld,________morethan600yearsago.A．built B．werebuilt C．wasbuiltup D．wasbuilding25．（2022·廣西賀州·中考真題）Aftertheboy’shomework________,hewentouttoplay.A．finished B．finishes C．wasfinished D．isfinished26．（2022·江蘇無錫·中考真題）UNICEF,partoftheUnitedNations,________inEuropein1946afterWorldWarII.A．setup B．wassetup C．tookup D．wastakenup27．（2022·湖北鄂州·中考真題）—TheLawonFamilyEducationPromotion(家庭教育促進法)_________onOct.23,2021.—Yeah!Itcameintoeffect(生效)onJan.1,2022.A．passes B．waspassed C．passed D．pass28．（2022·湖北湖北·中考真題）—ManyDIYcards________tomothersonMother’sDayeveryyear.—Howcreative!A．issending B．aresending C．issent D．aresent29．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真題）TheYouthSportsCenteronZixiaoRoad________lastyear.A．built B．wasbuilt C．hasbuilt D．wasbuilding30．（2022·河北·中考真題）—Mmm…Delicious.Whatisit?—It________zongzi,Tony.It’satraditionalfoodinChina.A．calls B．iscalled C．called D．wascalled31．（2022·湖北武漢·中考真題）DuringtheTangdynasty(唐朝),nearlyeverythingproducedintheworld________onthestreetsofChang’an.A．isfound B．hasbeenfound C．willbefound D．couldbefound32．（2022·天津·中考真題）Alotofbirds________innatureparkseveryyear.A．protect B．isprotected C．areprotected D．protected33．（2022·江蘇揚州·中考真題）—Ihearthatyoutookpartinaforestclean-upactivitylastSunday.—Yes,it________byourschoolgreenclubtoprotectforests.A．organizes B．organized C．wasorganized D．willbeorganized34．（2022·云南昆明·中考真題）TheteainYunnanissofamousthatit________toplacesacrosstheworldeveryday.A．sends B．sent C．issent D．willbesent35．（2022·甘肅定西·中考真題）Paper________inancientChinamorethan2,000yearsago.A．invented B．wasinvented C．invent D．isinvented36．（2022·江西·中考真題）Mr.Smithcreatedanewgame.Soonallhisstudents________rulestoplayit.A．teach B．taught C．aretaught D．weretaught37．（2022·重慶·中考真題）Hisguitar________asagiftforhimlastweek.A．buys B．isbought C．bought D．wasbought38．（2022·重慶·中考真題）Lastyear,anewoldpeople’shome________inourcommunity.A．builds B．built C．isbuilt D．wasbuilt39．（2022·四川遂寧·中考真題）—Moreandmorehigh-technologyproducts________inChina.—Yes.Ourcountryisbecomingstrongerandstronger.A．ismaking B．aremaking C．ismade D．aremade40．（2022·四川廣元·二模）The31stFISUWorldUniversityGames_________fromJunetoJulyin2022inChengdu,Sichuan.A．holds B．isheld C．willhold D．willbeheld41．（2022·河北·大名縣教育體育局教研室三模）Chinese________inmanyschoolsoutsideChina.A．teaches B．istaught C．willteach D．willbetaught42．（2022·遼寧丹東·模擬預測）Reusablebags________bymoreandmorepeoplenowthoughalittleexpensive.A．accept B．areaccepted C．wereaccepted D．accepted43．（2022·重慶市育才中學二模）Theoldshould________inoursociety.A．betakegoodcareof B．takegoodcareofC．betakengoodcareof D．aretakengoodcareof44．（2022·河北·館陶縣教師發(fā)展中心二模）Dumplings________bymillionsofforeignpeopleasakindo