2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)作業(yè)55Firstaid

課時(shí)作業(yè)(二十五)必修5Unit5FirstaidⅠ.閱讀理解A(2018·長(zhǎng)沙市高中畢業(yè)生供題)AboutEdinburghEdinburghCastleplaysanimportantroleinScotland'scapital.DuringtheWarsofScottishIndependencethecastlechangedhandsmanytimes.In1314itwasretakenfromtheEnglishinasuddennightattackbyThomasRandolph,nephewofRoberttheBruce.Thecastlewashometokingsandqueens.QueenMargaretdiedherein1093,andMary,QueenofScots,gavebirthtoJamesVIintheroyalpalacein1566.Fromthe1600sonwardsthecastlewasamilitary(軍事的)base.Lateritalsoheldprisonersofwar.Partsofthecastlearestillamilitarybase,butitisnowaworld-famousvisitorattraction.OpeningHoursThecastleopensdailyat9：30am.Closingtimevariesseasonally.1April－30September:itclosesat6pm.1October-31March:itclosesat5pm.Thecastleisclosedon25thand26thDecember.OnJanuary1stitisopenfrom11amto5pmandnormalhoursstartfromJanuary2nd.Lastadmissionis1hourbeforeclosing.TicketTypesandPricesBeatthequeuesandbookaheadonlineusingourwebstoreforfast-trackentryatnoextracost.Membersdonotneedtoqueueattheticketoffice,andsimplyneedtoshowtheircardatVisitorInformation.PricesAdult(16～59years)￡16.50Child(5～15years)￡9.90Special(60＋yearsandunemployed)￡13.20Childrenunder5yearsoldgofree.Theymustbeacpaniedbyanadult.GuidedToursAguidedtourisincludedinyourticketprice—ourguideslovesharingtheirstories.Theyareexperienced,knowledgeableandarealwayshappytoanswerquestions,soit'sagreatwaytodiscoverthecastle'samazingpast.GuidedtourstakeplacethroughoutthedayandthemeetingpointisthroughthePortcullisGatepasttheaudioboothbytheclock.【文章大意】該文主要介紹了去愛(ài)丁堡城堡游覽的相關(guān)事宜。1.WhatcanbeinferredaboutEdinburghA．Itwasusedasaprisoninthe1500s.B．Itnowworksonlyasatouristattraction.C．ItwasthebirthplaceofQueenMargaret.D．Itwasonceownedbynon-Scottishpeople.答案與解析：D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一部分的“In1314itwasretakenfromtheEnglishinasuddennightattackbyThomasRandolph,nephewofRoberttheBruce”可知，愛(ài)丁堡城堡曾經(jīng)被英國(guó)人所占領(lǐng)和控制，故選D。A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在16世紀(jì)愛(ài)丁堡城堡是監(jiān)獄，這與第一部分的“Fromthe1600sonwardsthecastlewasamilitary(軍事的)base.Lateritalsoheldprisonersofwar”不符；B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在如今愛(ài)丁堡城堡只是旅游景點(diǎn)，這與第一部分的“Partsofthecastlearestillamilitarybase,butitisnowaworld-famousvisitorattraction”不符；C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在女皇Margaret是在愛(ài)丁堡城堡出生的，這與第一部分的“QueenMargaretdiedherein1093，andMary,QueenofScots,gavebirthtoJamesVIintheroyalpalacein1566”2.WhencanvisitorsvisitEdinburghA．4pm～6pm.B．3pm～5pm.C．10am～12am.D．9am～11am.答案與解析：B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二部分的“OnJanuary1stitisopenfrom11amto5pmandnormalhoursstartfromJanuary2nd”可知，新年這天可以參觀愛(ài)丁堡城堡的時(shí)間是上午11點(diǎn)到下午5點(diǎn)，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知選B。3.HowmuchshouldjoblessJackandhistwingrandchildrenaged5payinalltovisitEdinburghA．￡13.20.B．￡16.50.C．￡33.00.D．￡36.30.答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。結(jié)合題干并根據(jù)第三部分和第四部分關(guān)于門票的事宜可知，應(yīng)該付的數(shù)目是13.2＋9.9×2＝33.0，故選C。4.WhatdoesthetextsayaboutguidedtoursofEdinburghA．Theycostnoextramoney.B．Theyareprovidedonlyatcertaintimes.C．Questionsaren'tweledduringthem.D．TheyareprovidedonlyatthePortcullisGate.答案與解析：A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一部分的“Aguidedtourisincludedinyourticketprice”可知，導(dǎo)游的費(fèi)用包含在票價(jià)里，不需要花費(fèi)額外的錢，故選A。B(2018·吉林省長(zhǎng)春市七校高三第一次聯(lián)考)JosephGoldbergerwasadoctorfortheUnitedStatesPublicHealthServiceandhewasanadvocateforscientificandsocialrecognitionofthelinksbetweenpovertyanddisease.In1914，GoldbergerwasaskedbyUSSurgeonGeneralRupertBluetostudyaskindiseasethatwaskillingthousandsofpeopleintheSouth.Thediseasewaspellagra(糙皮病)．GoldbergertraveledtothestateofMississippiwheremanypeoplesufferedfrompellagra.Hestudiedthevictimsandtheirfamilies.Mostofthepeoplelivedahardlife.Thedoctorcametobelievethatthediseasedidn'tpassonfromonetoanother,butwasinsteadrelatedtofood.Hereceivedpermissionfromthestategovernortotestthisideaataprison.Prisonerswereofferedpardonsiftheytookpart.Onegroupofprisonersreceivedtheirusualfoods,mostlycornproducts.Asecondgroupatemeat,freshvegetablesanddrankmilk.Membersofthefirstgroupdevelopedpellagra.Thesecondgroupdidnot.ButsomemedicalresearchersrefusedtoacceptGoldberger'sidea.FortheSouth,pellagrawasmorethansimplyamedicalproblem.Therewereotherthings,includingSouthernpride.SoGoldbergerhadhimselfinjected(注射)withbloodfromapersonwithpellagra.Healsotookliquidfromthenoseandthroatofapellagrapatientandputthemintohisownnoseandthroat.Heevenswallowedpillsthatcontainedskinfrompellagrapatients.Anassistantalsotookpartintheexperiments.SodidGoldberger'swife.Noneofthemgotsick.JosephGoldbergerdiedofcancerin1929.Hewasfifty-fiveyearsold.Severalyearslater，researchersdiscoveredtheexactcauseofpellagra：alackofvitaminB3knownasniacin.【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了美國(guó)醫(yī)生JosephGoldberger研究糙皮病的患病原因的過(guò)程。JosephGoldberger醫(yī)生的認(rèn)真、犧牲精神令人感動(dòng)。【難句分析】Thedoctorcametobelievethatthediseasedidn'tpassonfromonetoanother,butwasinsteadtofood.分析：本句是一個(gè)含有that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句。that從句中，but連接兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)。譯文：這位醫(yī)生漸漸相信這種病不是傳染性的，而是與食物有關(guān)。5．WhowereeasytargetsofpellagraaccordingtoGoldberger?A．PeopleinAmerica.B．Peopleputintoprison.C．Peoplehavingapoordiet.D．Peopletouchingpellagrapatients.答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Mostofthepeoplelivedahardlife...thediseasedidn'tpassonfromonetoanother,butwasinsteadrelatedtofood”，再結(jié)合Goldberger在監(jiān)獄進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容可知，在JosephGoldberger看來(lái)，糙皮病和食物有關(guān)，而且患者大多生活條件差；再結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)中提到的主要吃玉米制品的犯人最后患上了該病可知，不良的飲食容易導(dǎo)致人們患糙皮病。6.WhatdidGoldbergerwanttoprovebytheexperimentsmentionedinParagraph4?A．Pellagrawasn'tsoterrible.B．Pellagradidn'tspread.C．Pellagracouldbecured.D．Pellagrawasn'tamedicalproblem.答案與解析：B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中提到的Goldberger認(rèn)為糙皮病不是傳染病以及第四段中提到的他為了證明自己的觀點(diǎn)而進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容(將患糙皮病的人的血液注射到自己的體內(nèi)、將糙皮病病人的鼻腔和口腔中的液體放入自己的鼻腔和口腔以及吞咽含有糙皮病病人的皮膚組織的藥丸)和結(jié)果(他沒(méi)患病)可推知，Goldberger進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了證明糙皮病不傳染。7.WhichwordscanbeusedtodescribeGoldberger?A．Devotedanddetermined.B．Selflessandfriendly.C．Patientandexpert.D．Stubbornandenthusiastic.答案與解析：A考查推理判斷。文中提到的Goldberger在監(jiān)獄及在他自己身上做實(shí)驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容表明他全心全意地投入到對(duì)糙皮病的研究中，有奉獻(xiàn)精神；盡管一些人不認(rèn)可Goldberger的觀點(diǎn)，但他仍堅(jiān)持自己的看法并堅(jiān)決地去證明自己的觀點(diǎn)是正確的，這體現(xiàn)出他意志堅(jiān)定。故選A。C(2018·遼寧大連雙基測(cè)試)Formanypeople,beingonthejobmightjustsoundlikeapicnicparedtoadayathomefilledwithhousework,mealsandchildcare.Evenforthosewithahappyfamilylife,homecansometimesfeelmoretaxingthanwork.Inanewstudy,researchersatPennStateUniversityfoundsignificantlyandconsistentlylowerlevelsofcortisol(皮質(zhì)醇)releasedinresponsetostress,inamajorityofsubjectswhentheywereatworkparedtowhentheywereathome.This,wastrueforbothmenandwomen,andparentsandpeoplewithoutchildren.Bothmenandwomenshowedlessstressatwork.Butwomenweremorelikelytoreportfeelinghappierthere.Menweremorelikelytofeelhappierathome.Expertssaythereareotherreasonswhyworkislessstressfulthanhomeformany.“Paidworkismorevaluedinsociety，”saysSarahDamaske,theleadresearcheronthestudy.“Householdworkisboringandnotparticularlyrewarding.”Wegetbetteratourjobwithtimeandtheincreasedpetencemeanslessstressandmorerewards.Yetnoneofus,nomatterhowlongwe'vebeendoingit,evertrulyfeelslikeanexpertatparentingorevenatmarriage.Thesupportandfriendshipofco-workersalsoofferstressrelief.Athome,meanwhile,stressspreadsandaccumulatesquickly.“That'sthereasonwhymosthousewiveswishtheywerethebreadearners，”Dr.Damaskesays.Muchoftheadvicetofamiliesandcouplesincludesthewarningtoleaveworkstressattheofficeandeventochangeourmindsetfromworktohome,forexample,awalkaroundtheblock.Therecentfindings,though,suggestourhomelife,notourattitude,mightbedueforsomechange.【文章大意】本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，該研究表明越來(lái)越多的人認(rèn)為上班比在家做家務(wù)、做飯和帶孩子更輕松一些?！倦y句分析】Inanewstudy,researchersatPennStateUniversityfoundsignificantlyandconsistentlylowerlevelsofcortisol(皮質(zhì)醇)releasedinresponsetostress,inamajorityofsubjectswhentheywereatworkparedtowhentheywereathome.分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。兩個(gè)when都引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。譯文：在一項(xiàng)新的研究中，賓夕法尼亞州立大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，比起在家里，大多數(shù)人在工作的時(shí)候，面對(duì)壓力，他們的皮質(zhì)醇水平顯著且連續(xù)地降低。8.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“taxing”?A．stressfulB．cheerfulC．worthwhileD．rewarding答案與解析：A考查詞義猜測(cè)。本題可利用句意推斷法及語(yǔ)境分析法解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Formanypeople，beingonthejobmightjustsoundlikeapicnicparedtoadayathomefilledwithhousework，mealsandchildcare”可知，很多人認(rèn)為與在家做家務(wù)、做飯和帶孩子相比，工作像野餐一樣。言外之意，上班比在家輕松，在家比上班更有壓力。故選A。cheerful“快樂(lè)的，令人愉快的”；worthwhile“值得做的”；rewarding“值得做的，有意義的”。9.Whatdidtheresearchinthesecondparagraphprove?A．Menfeltbetterathome.B．Womenfelttheyhadlesstime.C．Womenwereeasiertofeelhappier.D．Mostpeoplefeltmorestressathome.答案與解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。本題可利用分析長(zhǎng)難句法解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：比起在家里，大多數(shù)人在工作的時(shí)候，面對(duì)壓力，他們的皮質(zhì)醇水平顯著且連續(xù)地降低，這項(xiàng)研究證明大多數(shù)人感覺(jué)在家更有壓力。故選D。10.Whatdomostpeoplethinkofworkattheoffice?A．Itispetitive.B．Itimprovesability.C．Itcan'trelievestress.D．Itdoesn'talwayspayoff.答案與解析：B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的第一句“Wegetbetteratourjobwithtimeandtheincreasedpetence...rewards”可知，隨著時(shí)間的推移，大多數(shù)的人在工作中能提高能力。故選B。11.Accordingtotherecentfindings,whatshouldwechangetosolvetheproblemmentioned?A．Ourattitude.B．Ourmindset.C．Ourhomelife.D．Ourworkingstyle.答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Therecentfindings,though,suggestourhomelife,notourattitude,mightbedueforsomechange”可知，我們的家庭生活得以改變才能解決問(wèn)題。故選C。D(2018·遼寧省五校協(xié)作體高三上學(xué)期聯(lián)合模擬考試)Inthedeadofwinter,wedon'ttypicallythinkaboutspendingtimeoutdoors,butaccordingtomanyphysiciansweshould.Thesunisourgreatestsourceofavitaminthatisessentialforgoodhealth—VitaminD.Thisimportantvitaminstrengthensbonesandteethandislinkedtothepreventionofheartdisease,cancerandmanyotherlife-threateningdiseases.Theremendeddailyrequirementis400－600InternationalUnits(IU).Insummer,peoplewithdarkbrowneyesanddarkerskinturnsunlightfromjust15minutesoutsidewithoutsunscreenintoadequateamountsofVitaminD.Evenduringwinter,justa10-minutewalkatmiddaycankeepthebody'sVitaminDathealthylevels.Duringbriefwinterwalks,wereceivethegreatestbenefitswhenwewearnosunscreenandexposeasmuchskintothesunaspossible.VitaminDcanbealsoobtainedfromfoods.SalmonisoneofthebestsourcesoftheVitamin.Eggyolks(蛋黃),cheese,mushroomsandsomeanimalorganscontainsmallerquantitiesofit.Toattractconsumers,foodpaniesaddVitaminDtosomeoftheirmilkproducts.ThepracticeofputtingtheVitaminintomilkbeganinthe1930s.Atthattime,manychildrenweresufferingfromrickets,anillnessthatiscausedbyadeficiency(缺乏)ofVitaminD．Itmadethechildren'sbonessoftandweak.AddingVitaminDtomilkhelpedtosolvetheproblem,andithasbeenavailableeversince.ForpeoplewhostillneedmoreVitaminD,thereisanotheroption：TakeVitaminDsupplements(補(bǔ)充物).Theseproductsarewidelysoldinstores.However,anyoneconsideringtakingsupplementsshouldconsultaphysicianfirst.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文，主要介紹了維生素D的一些情況。12．Duringthewintermonths,people____________A．a(chǎn)ren'tabletomeettheirdeadlinesB．oftendon'tdresswarmlyenoughC．generallyliketoremainindoorsD．leavelotsofworkforotherstodo答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Inthedeadofwinter,wedon'ttypicallythinkaboutspendingtimeoutdoors,butaccordingtomanyphysiciansweshould”可知，在冬天人們?cè)敢獯谑覂?nèi)。13.Accordingtothetext,VitaminD________.A．canbeobtainedbybeingexposedtothesunB．canbeusedtocurelife-threateningdiseasesC．canbemainlyfoundinsomemilkproductsD．canmakethechildren'sbonessoftandweak答案與解析：A考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段第二句以及第三段第一句可知，維生素D可以通過(guò)曬太陽(yáng)獲得，故選A。14.Whyissalmonmentionedinthisarticle?A．It'sseldompreparedinthecorrectway.B．lt'sausefuladditiontoaperson'sdiet.C．Ithasahugeimpactontheenvironment.D．Itsadvantageshavebeenexaggerated答案與解析：B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段可知，三文魚是補(bǔ)充維生素D的食物，因此對(duì)我們的飲食是有用的補(bǔ)充物，故選B。15.Themainpurposeofthisarticleis________.A．tointroduceavaluablenutrient.B．toadvertiseVitaminDsupplementsC．tonoterisksassociatedwithanutrientD．toexplainhowanutrientwasdiscovered答案與解析：A考查主旨大意。根據(jù)全文可知，本文主要介紹一種營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分——維生素D。Ⅱ.七選五(2018·合肥市高三第三次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))WhatTypeofCollegeIsRightforYou?Whendecidingwhatcollegetoapplyfor,youmayfeelstressedaboutwhattypeofcampusyouwanttoliveinandstudyon.__1__Doyouwanttoknoweverybodyatyourschool,orareyoulookingformoreofacollegetownexperiencewhereyoumeetnewpeopleeveryday?__2__Areyoulookingforaliberalarts(文科)schooloramoreSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmaths)focusedcollege?Maybeyouwanttoattendaschoolmorespecifictowhatyoumaywanttodointhefuture,likeamusicorart-basedschool.Anotheraspectorfactorinfluencingyourdecisionisthekindsofactivitiesthecollegeoffers.__3__Onceyoustartcollectingalistofplacesyouarethinkingabout,thenextthingtodoistoconsultyourcollegecounselorsandstartyourapplications.Whenapplyingtocollege,makesuretogethelpandadvicefromthecollegecounselors,whoalwayshavetheirdoorsopentokeepstudentsontrackwhenitestothecollegeprocess.__4__Keepingthemuptodatewillhelpthecollegecounselorsgettheirjobdoneandmakeyourapplicationasuccess.Oncethoseapplicationsarein,thehardestpartesnext：waiting.__5__Assoonastheresultseout,youwillknowwhichschoolisrightforyou,whetheritisyourtopchoiceorsomethingelsedownyourlist.A．Thenextstepisfindingwhatcollegesuitsyouacad