浙江省臺(tái)州市2024屆高三下學(xué)期二模英語試題 含解析

第1頁/共1頁臺(tái)州市2024屆高三第二次教學(xué)質(zhì)量評估試題英語本試卷共10頁。滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場號(hào)和座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.作答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑;如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案。答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上;如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Writeareport.B.ShopforadressC.Checkhermailbox.2.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.InahotelB.InahospitalC.Inthewoman’shouse.3Howdothespeakerstravelintotowntoday?A.Bytrain.B.Bycar.C.Bybus.4.Whoisprobablytheman?A.Astampcollector.B.Astampdesigner.C.Astampseller.5.WhathappenedtoChrisandLaura?A.Theyjusthadababy.B.Theygotmarriedlastweek.C.Theyopenedanewrestaurant.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Friends.7.Whatdoesthemanplantodo?A.Washschoolclothes.B.Checkschoolwork.C.Preparefood.聽第7段材料，回答8至10題。8.Whenwerethespeakerssupposedtomeet?A.At3:20p.mB.At3:30p.m.C.At3:40p.m.9.Whywasthewomanlate?A.Shewasbusymovinghouse.B.Shecouldn’tfindanywheretopark.C.Shewenttothecafe’sprevioussite.10.Whatdoesthemanavoiddrinkingnow?A.Milk.B.Coffee.C.Juice.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Howdidthemangetinjured?AHewashitbyacar.B.Hefelloverinagame.C.Hewassteppedonbysomeone.12.Whichpartoftheman’sbodyisinjured?A.Hisknee.B.HisarmC.Hisankle.13.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Sendthemanhome.B.Tellthemanwhatheshoulddo.C.Askmoreabouttheman’scondition.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Wherewasthewomanwhenherdogwaslost?A.Inagarden.B.Inaforest.C.Inafield15.Whycan’tthewomanfollowherdog?A.Theareaistoodangerous.B.Thewoodsareprivate.C.Shehashurtherself.16.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Lookforthedoginthewoods.B.Callsomeonetohelp.C.GotoTina’shouse.17.Howdoesthemansound?A.Grateful.B.Helpful.C.Anxious.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthenewsmainlyabout?A.Governmentpolicychanges.B.Severeweatherimpacts.C.Sportseventupdates.19.Howdidthegovernmentrespondtothesituation?A.Itprovidedtemporaryshelters.B.Itstoppedpublictransportation.C.Itorganizedfund-raisingactivities.20.Whatisthesituationoftheannualfoodfestival?A.It’sbeingheldasscheduled.B.Ithasbeencancelled.C.Ithasbeendelayed.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AStudentstoCompetein34thNationalScienceBowlThousandsofstudentsfrommiddleandhighschoolsacrossthecountryhavecommittedthemselvestoextrastudyhoursastheypreparetocompeteintheDepartmentofEnergy’s(DOE’s)34thNationalScienceBowl(NSB).Thesestudentsarehardatworknowtowintheirregionalcompetitions,hopingtoadvancetothefinalcompetition.ThefirstregionaleventwilltakeplaceonJanuary13thwithhighschoolsfromtheD.C./Marylandarea.Teamswillfaceoffinafast-paced,question-and-answerformat,andtheirknowledgeinallareasofscienceandmathematicswillbetested.Regionalswillcontinueweeklyuntilmid-March.ThewinningteamfromeachqualifyingregionalcompetitionwillbequalifiedtocompeteintheNationalFinalstobeheldinWashington,D.C.,fromApril25-29,2024,withallexpensespaidbyDOE.Thenationaleventconsistsofseveraldaysofscienceactivitiesandsightseeing,alongwiththecompetitions.IntheNationalFinals,thetoptwoteamswillearn$5,000fortheirschools’mathandsciencedepartments.Schoolsrankinginthetop16willreceive$1,000fortheirsciencedepartments.Buttomany,theultimateprizeissimplythehonorofwinningtheNationalChampionship.Today,theNSBannuallydrawsmorethan10,000middleandhighschoolcompetitors.Sincethefirstcompetitionin1991,approximately344,000studentshavefacedoffintheNSBFinals.The2024competitorswillfollowinthefootstepsofpreviousNSBcontestantsandwillblazeatrailforstudentsinscience,math,andengineering.Formoreinformation,pleasevisittheOfficeofSciencewebsite.1.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheregionalcompetitions?A.Fair. B.Interesting. C.Special. D.Challenging2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheNationalFinals?A.Thechampionshipvictoryishighlyvalued.B.Theeventonlyinvolvesfiercecompetitions.C.MostoftheexpenseswillbecoveredbyDOE.D.Theprizemoneywillbeawardedtoindividuals.3.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsrelease. B.Asurveyreport.C.Alearningproject. D.Ascientificreview.【答案】1.D2.A3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是新聞報(bào)道。這篇文章報(bào)道了即將舉行的第34屆全國科學(xué)碗比賽的相關(guān)信息，包括參賽學(xué)生的準(zhǔn)備情況、區(qū)域賽事的日期和形式、全國總決賽的日期和地點(diǎn)、獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)設(shè)置等?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“ThefirstregionaleventwilltakeplaceonJanuary13thwithhighschoolsfromtheD.C./Marylandarea.Teamswillfaceoffinafast-paced,question-and-answerformat,andtheirknowledgeinallareasofscienceandmathematicswillbetested.(第一場地區(qū)性活動(dòng)將于1月13日在華盛頓特區(qū)/馬里蘭地區(qū)的高中舉行。參賽隊(duì)伍將以快節(jié)奏的問答形式進(jìn)行對決，他們在所有科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)都將受到考驗(yàn))”可知，他們在所有科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)都將受到考驗(yàn)，所以具有挑戰(zhàn)性最能形容地區(qū)比賽。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“IntheNationalFinals,thetoptwoteamswillearn$5,000fortheirschools’mathandsciencedepartments.Schoolsrankinginthetop16willreceive$1,000fortheirsciencedepartments.Buttomany,theultimateprizeissimplythehonorofwinningtheNationalChampionship.(在全國總決賽中，前兩名的隊(duì)伍將為他們學(xué)校的數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)部門贏得5000美元。排名前16位的學(xué)校將獲得1000美元的科學(xué)系獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。但對許多人來說，最終的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)只是贏得全國冠軍的榮譽(yù))”可知，全國總決賽冠軍的勝利是非常重要的。故選A項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Today,theNSBannuallydrawsmorethan10,000middleandhighschoolcompetitors.Sincethefirstcompetitionin1991,approximately344,000studentshavefacedoffintheNSBFinals.The2024competitorswillfollowinthefootstepsofpreviousNSBcontestantsandwillblazeatrailforstudentsinscience,math,andengineering.Formoreinformation,pleasevisittheOfficeofSciencewebsite.(如今，NSB每年吸引超過1萬名中學(xué)生和高中生參賽。自1991年首屆比賽以來，大約有34.4萬名學(xué)生參加了NSB決賽。2024年的參賽者將跟隨以前NSB參賽者的腳步，為科學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)和工程方面的學(xué)生開辟一條道路。欲了解更多信息，請?jiān)L問科學(xué)辦公室網(wǎng)站)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文報(bào)道了即將舉行的第34屆全國科學(xué)碗比賽的相關(guān)信息，包括參賽學(xué)生的準(zhǔn)備情況、區(qū)域賽事的日期和形式、全國總決賽的日期和地點(diǎn)、獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)設(shè)置等，所以應(yīng)是一篇新聞稿。故選A項(xiàng)。BIntheearly19thcentury,NewEnglandfarmers,tiredofwrestlingwiththeirpoorland,journeyedtotheMidwest.InstateslikeIllinoisandIowa,theyfoundrich,blacksoil.Unfortunately,manysoonfeltlikethirstysailorsinthemiddleoftheocean—watereverywherebutnotadroptodrink.Theyweresurroundedbyfertilesoil,buthadtostopeveryfewsecondstoremovethestickydirtofftheirironplows(犁)withlargewoodenpaddles.ThisdilemmacaughttheattentionofJohnDeere,ablacksmithwhomovedtoIllinoisin1836.Deeredecidedtolookintotheproblem.Fromhispreviousworkonplows,heknewthatdirtwaslesslikelytosticktohighlypolishedmetal.Thatthoughtwasinthebackofhismindwhenhevisitedasawmill(鋸木廠)in1837andnoticedabrokensawmadeofsteel.Deerebroughtithomeandbeganmakingabetterplow.Theplowhewantedwouldhavetocutdeepintothesoilatasharpanglesothatdirtwouldfalloff,yetitcouldnotputtoomuchburdenonthehorsespullingit.Afterseveralexperiments,Deereconstructedanewplowthatfeaturedwoodhandles.Itprovedasuccess.Unliketheoldironplows,Deere’snotonlyhadabladefromwhichdirtfellawaycleanly,butitalsoturnedthesoilmoreefficientlyandquickly.DemandforDeere’splowsincreasedsharply,butproductionwaslimitedbytheshortageofpolishedsteel.Initially,Deerecouldonlyproduceafewplowseachyear.However,Deere’spersistencepaidoffashesourcedcheapersteelfromPittsburgh.Amazingly,in1857,hiscompanymanufacturedandsold10,000plows!Deere,aperfectionist,continuallyimprovedhisplows,introducingmultiplenewversionsinasingleyear.Whilethissloweddownhisproductionability,itensuredDeereasolidreputationamonghiscustomers.Deereplowsbecameworldfamousinthe1870swhentheyoutshonethecompetitioninademonstrationinFrance.Thatsamedecade,hiscompanybuiltitsfirstridingplowanddesignedtheleapingdeerasitstrademark.4.Whatwasthemainproblemthenewlysettledfarmersmet?A.Ashortageoffreshwater. B.Alackofrichfarmingland.C.Thetroubleinhandlingthesoilonplows. D.Thedifficultyofgrowingplantsinseason.5.Whichaspectofthenewplowdoesparagraph2focuson?A.Itsuniquefeatures. B.Itsoperatingmethod.C.Itsinventionprocess. D.Itsworkingefficiency.6.ThelastparagraphismainlyaboutDeereplows’____.A.widerecognition B.marketingstrategyC.technicalstandards D.productionchallenges7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AFamedFarmer B.ASuccessfulCompanyC.AStickyProblem D.AHistoricalExperiment【答案】4C5.C6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。文章講述了19世紀(jì)初期，新英格蘭的農(nóng)民遷移到中西部地區(qū)尋找肥沃的土地進(jìn)行耕作，但遇到了土壤粘附鐵犁的問題，鐵匠約翰·迪爾發(fā)明了一種新犁來解決這一難題?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Unfortunately,manysoonfeltlikethirstysailorsinthemiddleoftheocean—watereverywherebutnotadroptodrink.Theyweresurroundedbyfertilesoil,buthadtostopeveryfewsecondstoremovethestickydirtofftheirironplows(犁)withlargewoodenpaddles.(不幸的是，許多人很快就覺得自己像站在海洋中央的口渴的水手——到處都是水，卻沒有一滴可喝的。他們周圍都是肥沃的土壤，但每隔幾秒鐘就得停下來，用大木槳清除鐵犁上的粘性泥土)”可知，新定居的農(nóng)民遇到的主要問題是處理犁上的泥土很麻煩。故選C項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Deeredecidedtolookintotheproblem.Fromhispreviousworkonplows,heknewthatdirtwaslesslikelytosticktohighlypolishedmetal.Thatthoughtwasinthebackofhismindwhenhevisitedasawmill(鋸木廠)in1837andnoticedabrokensawmadeofsteel.Deerebroughtithomeandbeganmakingabetterplow.Theplowhewantedwouldhavetocutdeepintothesoilatasharpanglesothatdirtwouldfalloff,yetitcouldnotputtoomuchburdenonthehorsespullingit.Afterseveralexperiments,Deereconstructedanewplowthatfeaturedwoodhandles.Itprovedasuccess.Unliketheoldironplows,Deere’snotonlyhadabladefromwhichdirtfellawaycleanly,butitalsoturnedthesoilmoreefficientlyandquickly.(迪爾決定調(diào)查這個(gè)問題。從他之前對犁的研究中，他知道泥土不太可能粘在高度拋光的金屬上。當(dāng)他在1837年參觀一家鋸木廠時(shí)，注意到一把斷了的鋼鋸時(shí)，這種想法就在他的腦海里。迪爾把它帶回家，開始制作更好的犁。他想要的犁必須以一個(gè)尖銳的角度深深地切入土壤，這樣泥土才能掉下來，但它不能給拉它的馬帶來太大的負(fù)擔(dān)。經(jīng)過幾次實(shí)驗(yàn)，迪爾制造了一種以木柄為特色的新犁。它被證明是成功的。與老式的鐵制犁不同，迪爾的犁不僅有一個(gè)可以干凈地清除泥土的刀片，而且還能更有效、更迅速地翻土)”可知，本段關(guān)注的是新犁的發(fā)明過程。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Deere,aperfectionist,continuallyimprovedhisplows,introducingmultiplenewversionsinasingleyear.Whilethissloweddownhisproductionability,itensuredDeereasolidreputationamonghiscustomers.Deereplowsbecameworldfamousinthe1870swhentheyoutshonethecompetitioninademonstrationinFrance.Thatsamedecade,hiscompanybuiltitsfirstridingplowanddesignedtheleapingdeerasitstrademark.(迪爾是個(gè)追求完美的人，他不斷改進(jìn)自己的犁，一年之內(nèi)就推出了多個(gè)新版本。雖然這降低了他的生產(chǎn)能力，但卻確保了迪爾在客戶中樹立了良好的聲譽(yù)。19世紀(jì)70年代，迪爾的犁在法國的一次演示中脫穎而出，從此名揚(yáng)世界。在同一十年里，他的公司制造了第一輛乘坐式犁，并設(shè)計(jì)了跳躍的鹿作為其商標(biāo))”可知，本段主要講述了迪爾犁獲得廣泛的認(rèn)可。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Intheearly19thcentury,NewEnglandfarmers,tiredofwrestlingwiththeirpoorland,journeyedtotheMidwest.InstateslikeIllinoisandIowa,theyfoundrich,blacksoil.Unfortunately,manysoonfeltlikethirstysailorsinthemiddleoftheocean—watereverywherebutnotadroptodrink.Theyweresurroundedbyfertilesoil,buthadtostopeveryfewsecondstoremovethestickydirtofftheirironplows(犁)withlargewoodenpaddles.ThisdilemmacaughttheattentionofJohnDeere,ablacksmithwhomovedtoIllinoisin1836.(19世紀(jì)初，新英格蘭的農(nóng)民厭倦了與貧瘠的土地作斗爭，來到中西部。在伊利諾斯州和愛荷華州，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了肥沃的黑土。不幸的是，許多人很快就覺得自己像站在海洋中央的口渴的水手——到處都是水，卻沒有一滴可喝的。他們周圍都是肥沃的土壤，但每隔幾秒鐘就得停下來，用大木槳清除鐵犁上的粘性泥土。這種困境引起了1836年搬到伊利諾斯州的鐵匠約翰·迪爾的注意)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文講述了19世紀(jì)初期，新英格蘭的農(nóng)民遷移到中西部地區(qū)尋找肥沃的土地進(jìn)行耕作，但遇到了土壤粘附鐵犁的問題，鐵匠約翰·迪爾發(fā)明了一種新犁來解決這一難題，所以C項(xiàng)“AStickyProblem(棘手的問題)”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。CFivetimesstrongerthansteel,spidersilk’suniquequalitieswererecognizedbytheAncientGreeks—andmorerecently,scientistshavelookedatapplicationsfrommedicinetoengineering.Now,aJapanesestartup,Spiber,hasbeguntochangethetextileindustrywiththisremarkablematerial.Thecompanystartedbymakingasubstituteinthelabthatissimilartospidersilkinstructure.Afterstudyingthousandsofdifferentspiderspeciesandothersilk-producinglifeforms,Spibersuccessfullyproducedanalternativetospidersilk.Thisbreakthroughwasachievedbyfermenting(發(fā)酵)amixtureofwater,sugar,andnutrientswithspecialmicrobestoproduceproteinpolymers(聚合物).Thesepolymersarethenmadeintofibers,pavingthewayforarangeofinnovativefabrics.However,shiftingfromlabtopracticalapplicationpresentedchallenges.In2015,SpiberpartneredwithTheNorthFaceJapantoproducealimited-editionrunof50“MoonParka”jacketstocelebratethe50thanniversaryofthemoonlandings.Butduringthedesignprocess,theteamdiscoveredthatspidersilkbecamesmallerwhenexposedtowater,andhadtotransformtheproteintomakethefibersuitableforanoutdoorjacket,whichtookthemfouryearstoperfect.Currently,thecompanyusessugarcaneandcornforitsfermentationprocess—cropsthatuselargevolumesoflandandchangefoodresources.Toreduceitsenvironmentalimpact,Spiberisdevelopingaprocesscalled“biospherecirculation”thatwilltransformdesertedclothesmadefromnaturalmaterialslikecottonintothesugarsneededforfermentation.Withapproximately100billionyen($783million)infunding,Spiberplanstosignificantlyspeedupitsproductionofproteinpolymersbytheendof2025.“MassproductionwillhelpbringthepriceoffibersdownandallowSpibertoexpandbeyondthehigh-enddesignermarketandthuswehavethemeanstocreatesolutionstoenablemorecircularfashion,”saysHigashi,headofbusinessdevelopmentatSpiber.“It’sourmissiontobringthosesolutionstotheworld.”8.WhatbreakthroughdidSpiberachieveintheearlyresearch?A.Itmixedvariousproteinpolymers. B.Itproducedasilkmakingmachine.C.Itidentifieddifferentspiderspecies. D.Itcreatedareplacementforspidersilk.9.Whatwasthechallengeinmakingthe“MoonParka”jackets?A.Highdesigncosts. B.Spidersilk’ssensitivitytowater.C.Limitedrawmaterials. D.Thepartner’sunwillingnesstohelp.10.WhatcanweknowaboutSpiber’s“biospherecirculation”process?A.Itwillreplacethecurrentfermentationprocess.B.Itwilluserecycledmaterialsforneededsugars.C.Itwillpromotethedevelopmentoffoodindustry.D.Itwillsimplifytheprocedureofclothingproduction.11.WhatisSpiber’splan?A.Toraisemoremoneyformassproduction. B.Toincreasetheoutputofproteinpolymers.C.Toworkwithotherhigh-endfashionbrands. D.Todevelopawiderrangeofexpensivefibers.【答案】8.D9.B10.B11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了一家日本初創(chuàng)公司Spiber如何利用蜘蛛絲這種獨(dú)特材料來改變紡織業(yè)，以及他們在實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)過程中所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和取得的進(jìn)展。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thecompanystartedbymakingasubstituteinthelabthatissimilartospidersilkinstructure.Afterstudyingthousandsofdifferentspiderspeciesandothersilk-producinglifeforms,Spibersuccessfullyproducedanalternativetospidersilk.(該公司首先在實(shí)驗(yàn)室制造了一種結(jié)構(gòu)類似蜘蛛絲的替代品。在研究了數(shù)千種不同的蜘蛛種類和其他產(chǎn)絲的生命形式后，Spiber成功地生產(chǎn)出了蜘蛛絲的替代品)”可知，Spiber在早期研究中創(chuàng)造了蜘蛛絲的替代品。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“In2015,SpiberpartneredwithTheNorthFaceJapantoproducealimited-editionrunof50“MoonParka”jacketstocelebratethe50thanniversaryofthemoonlandings.Butduringthedesignprocess,theteamdiscoveredthatspidersilkbecamesmallerwhenexposedtowater,andhadtotransformtheproteintomakethefibersuitableforanoutdoorjacket,whichtookthemfouryearstoperfect.(2015年，Spiber與TheNorthFaceJapan合作，推出了限量版的50件“MoonParka”，以慶祝人類登月50周年。但在設(shè)計(jì)過程中，研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，蜘蛛絲遇水會(huì)變小，他們必須將蛋白質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化為適合戶外夾克的纖維，這花了他們四年的時(shí)間來完善)”可知，制作“MoonParka”的挑戰(zhàn)是蜘蛛絲對水的敏感性。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Toreduceitsenvironmentalimpact,Spiberisdevelopingaprocesscalled“biospherecirculation”thatwilltransformdesertedclothesmadefromnaturalmaterialslikecottonintothesugarsneededforfermentation.(為了減少對環(huán)境的影響，Spiber正在開發(fā)一種名為“生物圈循環(huán)”的工藝，將廢棄的衣服(由棉花等天然材料制成)轉(zhuǎn)化為發(fā)酵所需的糖)”可知，Spiber的“生物圈循環(huán)”過程，將使用回收材料生產(chǎn)所需的糖。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Withapproximately100billionyen($783million)infunding,Spiberplanstosignificantlyspeedupitsproductionofproteinpolymersbytheendof2025.(Spiber獲得了約1000億日元(7.83億美元)的資金，計(jì)劃在2025年底前大幅加快其蛋白質(zhì)聚合物的生產(chǎn)速度)”可知，Spiber的計(jì)劃是增加蛋白質(zhì)聚合物的產(chǎn)量。故選B項(xiàng)。DWheninstantcakemixesfirstappearedinthe1950s,Americanhousewivesweredoubtful.Thesemixes,promisingeasycake-baking,felttooeasy.Themanufacturersdiscoveredthatrequiringtheadditionofanegginthebakingprocesswasjustenoughtomakethehousewiveshappywiththeirwork.Thegreatersenseofeffortgainedfromalittleextralaborisbelievedtohavebeenessentialtothelatersuccessofthecakemix.ThisreflectstheIKEAeffect(宜家效應(yīng)),whichisidentifiedbypsychologistMichaelI.Nortonandhiscolleagues,suggestingweplacegreatervalueonthingswehaveworkedtocreate.Theyconductedfourstudiesinwhichtheyaskedparticipantstofoldpapercranesandfrogs,assembleIKEAboxes,andbuildsetsofLegos.Theythenaskedthebuilderstobid(出價(jià))fortheircreations,andcomparedthepriceswithbidsfrompeoplewhohadn’tbuiltthem.Thebuildersconsistentlyoutbidthenon-builders.Interestingly,theIKEAeffectworksevenwhenpeoplehavenoopportunitytofullypersonalizetheircreations.Whilemostparticipants’foldingskillsleftmuchtobedesired,theylovedtheirimperfectlypersonalizedproductsallthemore.Buildersvaluedtheirwrinkledcrane-likecreationsnearlyfivetimesasmuchasnon-builders.Beauty,itseems,isintheeyeofthebuilder.Today,ascitiesaresufferingfromseverehousingcrises,theIKEAeffectcangiveusinsightintothewell-beingbenefitsofaself-buildingapproachtohousingdevelopment.ProjectslikeWikiHouseandthe“half-a-house”approachpioneeredbyAlejandroAravena’sarchitecturecompanyElementalareworkingtomakehousingmoreaffordableandsustainablebymakingiteasierforpeopletobuildandpersonalizetheirownhomes.“Themomentpeopleareinvolvedwiththeirbuiltenvironment,theyhaveatotallydifferentrelationshiptoit,”WikiHouseco-founderAlastairParvinexplained.“Whentheroofstartsleakingoradoorstartscreaking,theyhavethepowertofixitthemselves.”12.Whatbroughtcustomersthejoyofcake-bakingaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Abettertaste. B.Aneasyapproach.C.Adetailedrecipe. D.Anadditionaleffort.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3imply?A.Creationsarebasedonskills. B.Extralaborincreasesperceivedvalue.C.Beautyisfoundthroughcontrast. D.Strictmanagementbringsgoodquality.14.WhatisAlastairParvin’sattitudetowardspublicinvolvementinhousing?A.Critical. B.Objective. C.Doubtful. D.Supportive.15.What’sthepurposeofthistext?A.Topromoteabrand. B.Tomakeaproposal.C.Toexplainaconcept. D.Tointroduceastudy.【答案】12.D13.B14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。本文通過討論宜家效應(yīng)以及幾個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的結(jié)果，論述了人們更加珍視自己親手創(chuàng)造的東西，并由此引發(fā)了對自我建造住房的好處的思考?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Themanufacturersdiscoveredthatrequiringtheadditionofanegginthebakingprocesswasjustenoughtomakethehousewiveshappywiththeirwork.Thegreatersenseofeffortgainedfromalittleextralaborisbelievedtohavebeenessentialtothelatersuccessofthecakemix.(制造商發(fā)現(xiàn)，在烘焙過程中加入一個(gè)雞蛋就足以讓主婦們對自己的工作感到滿意。從一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)額外的勞動(dòng)中獲得的更大的努力感被認(rèn)為是蛋糕粉后來成功的關(guān)鍵)”可知，額外的努力給顧客帶來了蛋糕烘焙的樂趣。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前文“Interestingly,theIKEAeffectworksevenwhenpeoplehavenoopportunitytofullypersonalizetheircreations.Whilemostparticipants’foldingskillsleftmuchtobedesired,theylovedtheirimperfectlypersonalizedproductsallthemore.Buildersvaluedtheirwrinkledcrane-likecreationsnearlyfivetimesasmuchasnon-builders.(有趣的是，即使人們沒有機(jī)會(huì)完全個(gè)性化他們的作品，宜家效應(yīng)也會(huì)起作用。雖然大多數(shù)參與者的折疊技巧還有很多不足之處，但他們更喜歡自己不完美的個(gè)性化產(chǎn)品。建筑商對他們皺巴巴的像起重機(jī)一樣的創(chuàng)造物的估價(jià)幾乎是非建筑商的五倍)”可知，本段主要講述額外的勞動(dòng)會(huì)讓參與者更喜歡自己的作品，所以Beauty,itseems,isintheeyeofthebuilder.意為“額外的勞動(dòng)增加了感知價(jià)值”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Themomentpeopleareinvolvedwiththeirbuiltenvironment,theyhaveatotallydifferentrelationshiptoit,”WikiHouseco-founderAlastairParvinexplained.“Whentheroofstartsleakingoradoorstartscreaking,theyhavethepowertofixitthemselves.”(WikiHouse的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人AlastairParvin解釋說：“當(dāng)人們參與到他們的建筑環(huán)境中時(shí)，他們與環(huán)境的關(guān)系就完全不同了?！薄爱?dāng)屋頂開始漏水或門開始吱吱作響時(shí)，他們有能力自己修理?！?”可知，AlastairParvin認(rèn)為公眾參與住房建設(shè)，他們與環(huán)境的關(guān)系就完全不同了，所以是持支持的態(tài)度。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“ThisreflectstheIKEAeffect(宜家效應(yīng)),whichisidentifiedbypsychologistMichaelI.Nortonandhiscolleagues,suggestingweplacegreatervalueonthingswehaveworkedtocreate.Theyconductedfourstudiesinwhichtheyaskedparticipantstofoldpapercranesandfrogs,assembleIKEAboxes,andbuildsetsofLegos.Theythenaskedthebuilderstobid(出價(jià))fortheircreations,andcomparedthepriceswithbidsfrompeoplewhohadn’tbuiltthem.Thebuildersconsistentlyoutbidthenon-builders.(這反映了心理學(xué)家邁克爾·i·諾頓(MichaelI.Norton)及其同事發(fā)現(xiàn)的宜家效應(yīng)(IKEAeffect)，即我們更看重自己努力創(chuàng)造的東西。他們進(jìn)行了四項(xiàng)研究，要求參與者折疊紙鶴和青蛙，組裝宜家盒子，搭建樂高積木。然后，他們要求建筑商為他們的作品出價(jià)，并將價(jià)格與沒有建造這些作品的人的出價(jià)進(jìn)行比較。建筑商的出價(jià)始終高于非建筑商)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要解釋什么是宜家效應(yīng)(IKEAeffect)，所以本文的目的是解釋一個(gè)概念。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。IrunalotofwritingworkshopsinsecondaryschoolsandwhatIoftenseeisthis:teenagersinclassjustlookattheblankpageandfreeze.EvenwhenIassurethemtheycan’tgetitwrongincreativewriting,theystillpauseandfeelpainful,lookingtomeforclearanddefiniteinstructions.Thisbehaviorresultsfromtheirtrainingtomimic(模仿).___16___Intime,theyareterrifiedofgettingthingswrongandriskingfailure.Creativityisnolongeradvocatedandisevenviewedasasoftskill,orevenaweakness.However,creativityishighlyvaluedbyemployers.AccordingtoTheConversation,creativityhasbeenthenumber-oneskilldemandedby20millionjobadsonLinkedInfortwoyearsinarow.___17___Duetolimitededucationalresourcesandassessmentpressures,teenagers’thinkingbecomesincreasinglynarrow,leavingthemafraidtoexploreotherpossibilities.___18___It’sjustanabilitytomakenewconnectionsandfollowwheretheygo.Actually,creativityrequiresqualitiesavailabletousall:courage,observation,curiosity,flexibilityandperseverance.Sohowdowehelpteenagersbehopefulandbrave?Firstly,weneedtoavoidtheideathattheirentirefuturesdependonthisveryassignmentorthatdecision.___19___Thereisnorightwaytolivealife.Secondly,let’sencourageinquiry.Childrenarenaturallycurious,butthiscuriosityoftenfadesastheygrowolder,althoughitstillexistswithinthem.Justbecausetheylackanswersdoesn’tmeantheyshouldn’taskquestions;rather,theyshouldaskevenmore.___20___Youngpeopleneedremindingthattheirstorieshaven’tbeenwritten.Theyneedopportunitiestotrynewthings.Theyneedpermissiontokeepasking“whatelseispossible?”becauseanythingis.A.Butinschools,itisdifferent.B.Beingcreativeisn’tamagicalskill.C.Itallowsustounderstandtheirfeelingsbetter.D.Theyknowitisasafewaytogetgoodgrades.E.Themainproblemishowtokeepthosecreativejuicesflowing.F.Lifeislongenoughtotrymanythings,andtochangedirections.G.Theuniverseisheldtogetherwithunansweredquestionsandendlesspossibilities.【答案】16.D17.A18.B19.F20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要討論了青少年創(chuàng)造力缺失的問題，分析了其背后的原因，并提出了如何幫助青少年培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力的建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文“IrunalotofwritingworkshopsinsecondaryschoolsandwhatIoftenseeisthis:teenagersinclassjustlookattheblankpageandfreeze.EvenwhenIassurethemtheycan’tgetitwrongincreativewriting,theystillpauseandfeelpainful,lookingtomeforclearanddefiniteinstructions.Thisbehaviorresultsfromtheirtrainingtomimic(模仿).(我在中學(xué)舉辦了很多寫作研討會(huì)，我經(jīng)?？吹竭@樣的情況：青少年在課堂上只是看著空白頁，然后僵住了。即使我向他們保證，他們在創(chuàng)意寫作中不會(huì)出錯(cuò)，他們?nèi)匀粫?huì)停下來，感到痛苦，向我尋求清晰明確的指導(dǎo)。這種行為源于它們的模仿訓(xùn)練。)”可知，D項(xiàng)“Theyknowitisasafewaytogetgoodgrades.(他們知道這是獲得好成績的安全方法)”是對前文行為的進(jìn)一步解釋。故選D項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】根據(jù)前文“However,creativityishighlyvaluedbyemployers.AccordingtoTheConversation,creativityhasbeenthenumber-oneskilldemandedby20millionjobadsonLinkedInfortwoyearsinarow.(然而，創(chuàng)造力受到雇主的高度重視。據(jù)TheConversation網(wǎng)站報(bào)道，連續(xù)兩年，在領(lǐng)英(LinkedIn)上的2000萬個(gè)招聘廣告中，創(chuàng)造力一直是最需要的技能。)”以及后文“Duetolimitededucationalresourcesandassessmentpressures,teenagers’thinkingbecomesincreasinglynarrow,leavingthemafraidtoexploreotherpossibilities.(由于有限的教育資源和考核壓力，青少年的思維變得越來越狹隘，使他們不敢探索其他的可能性。)”可知前文講述，工作中需要有創(chuàng)造力，后文講述由于有限的教育資源和考核壓力，青少年的思維變得越來越狹隘，所以前后文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，A項(xiàng)“Butinschools,itisdifferent.(但在學(xué)校，情況就不同了。)”符合文意，和前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，引出后文。故選A項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】分析設(shè)空，位于段首，應(yīng)是本段的中心句，根據(jù)后文“It’sjustanabilitytomakenewconnectionsandfollowwheretheygo.Actually,creativityrequiresqualitiesavailabletousall:courage,observation,curiosity,flexibilityandperseverance.(這只是一種建立新關(guān)系并跟隨他們前進(jìn)的能力。實(shí)際上，創(chuàng)造力需要我們所有人都具備的品質(zhì)：勇氣、觀察力、好奇心、靈活性和毅力。)”可知，本段在介紹什么是創(chuàng)造力，所以B項(xiàng)“Beingcreativeisn’tamagicalskill.(創(chuàng)造力并不是一種神奇的技能。)”符合本段主題，為本段中心句。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Sohowdowehelpteenagersbehopefulandbrave?Firstly,weneedtoavoidtheideathattheirentirefuturesdependonthisveryassignmentorthatdecision.(那么我們?nèi)绾螏椭嗌倌瓿錆M希望和勇敢呢?首先，我們需要避免這樣的想法，即他們的整個(gè)未來取決于這個(gè)任務(wù)或那個(gè)決定。)”以及后文“Thereisnorightwaytolivealife.(沒有正確的生活方式。)”可知，此處在講述，沒有特定的方法幫助青少年充滿希望和勇敢，所以F項(xiàng)“Lifeislongenoughtotrymanythings,andtochangedirections.(生命足夠長，可以嘗試很多事情，也可以改變方向。)”承接上文，下文則是對本句的進(jìn)一步解釋。故選F項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】空處位于段尾，是對前文的總結(jié)，根據(jù)前文“Secondly,let’sencourageinquiry.Childrenarenaturallycurious,butthiscuriosityoftenfadesastheygrowolder,althoughitstillexistswithinthem.Justbecausetheylackanswersdoesn’tmeantheyshouldn’taskquestions;rather,theyshouldaskevenmore.(其次，讓我們鼓勵(lì)詢問。孩子們天生好奇，但這種好奇心往往隨著年齡的增長而消失，盡管它仍然存在于他們心中。僅僅因?yàn)樗麄儧]有答案并不意味著他們不應(yīng)該問問題；相反，他們應(yīng)該要求更多。)”可知，此處講述鼓勵(lì)孩子的好奇心，所以G項(xiàng)“Theuniverseisheldtogetherwithunansweredquestionsandendlesspossibilities.(宇宙是由未解之謎和無限可能性組成的。)”符合此處主題，是對前文的總結(jié)。故選G項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，