2022年遼寧省大連市高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題

大連市2021~2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期末考試高二英語第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ABEIING-AheadofChina’sYouthDay,PresidentXiJinpingwrotebacktoayouthteamworkingonspacestationconstruction,encouragingthemtocontributemoretotheexplorationofspaceandadvancespacescienceandtechnologythroughinnovation.ThefollowingaresomehighlightsofXi’sremarksonspaceexploration.Nov.6,2018Inacongratulatorylettertothethe12thChinaInternationalAviation（航空）andAerospaceExhibition,XisaidtheexhibitiondemonstratedChina’sgreatachievementinspaceexplorationsandexpressedhisbeliefthattheexhibitionwouldgreatlyboostthedevelopmentofglobalaerospacetechnologyandpromoteinternationalexchangesandcooperation.May15,2021InacongratulatorymessageonthesuccessfullandingofChina’sfirstprobeonMars,Tianwen-1,Xisaid,“ThelandingleftaChinesemarkonMarsforthefirsttime.ItisanotherlandmarkprogressinChina’sspaceindustrydevelopment.”Sept.16,2021InacongratulatorylettertotheFirstInternationalSummitonBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem(BDS)Applications,XisaidChinaiswillingtosharetheachievementsoftheBDSwithallsidesandmaketheBDSbetterservetheworldandbenefithumankind.April12,2022WheninspectingtheWenchangSpacecraftLaunchSite,Xispokehighlyofaseriesofkeyspacemissionslaunchedfromthesite,includingthelaunchingofthespacestationcoremoduleTianhe,theChang’e-5lunarmission,andtheTianwen-1Marsprobe.Heextendedgreetingstoallthestaffstationedatthesiteandaskedthemtoshouldertheirresponsibilityandmakenewbreakthroughs.1.HowshouldspacescienceandtechnologybeadvancedaccordingtoPresidentXi?AByworkinghard. B.Byinnovating.C.Throughcooperation. D.Throughexploration.2.WhendidXioffercongratulationsonChina’sfirstlandingonMars?A.OnNov6,2018. B.OnMay15,2021.C.OnSept16,2021. D.OnApril12,2022.3.WhatmessagedoallXi’sremarkshaveincommon?A.Spaceexplorationneedsglobalcooperation.B.Outerspaceisthecommonwealthofhumanity.C.ChinaattainsgreatsuccessinspaceexplorationD.Greatachievementsshouldbesharedglobally.【答案】1.B2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了習(xí)主席發(fā)表關(guān)于太空探索的講話。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“encouragingthemtocontributemoretotheexplorationofspaceandadvancespacescienceandtechnologythroughinnovation.(他鼓勵他們?yōu)樘仗剿髯龀龈嘭暙I，以創(chuàng)新推動太空科技進步。)”可知，習(xí)主席強調(diào)的是以創(chuàng)新推進航天科技發(fā)展。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“InacongratulatorymessageonthesuccessfullandingofChina’sfirstprobeonMars,Tianwen-1.(在中國首個火星探測器“天文學(xué)家一號”成功著陸的賀電中。)”可知，是在2021年5月15日，習(xí)主席祝賀中國首次登陸火星。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“exhibitiondemonstratedChina’sgreatachievementinspaceexplorationsandexpressedhisbeliefthattheexhibitionwouldgreatlyboostthedevelopmentofglobalaerospacetechnologyandpromoteinternationalexchangesandcooperation.(展覽展示了中國在航天探索方面取得的巨大成就，并表示相信該展覽將有力地推動全球航天技術(shù)的發(fā)展，促進國際交流與合作。)”；根據(jù)第四段中“ItisanotherlandmarkprogressinChina’sspaceindustrydevelopment.(這是中國航天事業(yè)發(fā)展的又一里程碑式的進步。)”；以及第五段中“ChinaiswillingtosharetheachievementsoftheBDSwithallsidesandmaketheBDSbetterservetheworldandbenefithumankind(中方愿與各方分享北斗系統(tǒng)建設(shè)成果，推動北斗系統(tǒng)更好服務(wù)世界、造福人類)”以及最后一段中“Xispokehighlyofaseriesofkeyspacemissionslaunchedfromthesite,includingthelaunchingofthespacestationcoremoduleTianhe,theChang’e-5lunarmission,andtheTianwen-1Marsprobe.(習(xí)主席高度評價了空間站核心艙“天河”、“嫦娥五號”探月任務(wù)、“天文一號”火星探測器等一系列重大航天任務(wù)。)”可知，習(xí)主席所有的講話都肯定了中國在太空探索方面取得了巨大的成功。故選C。BTherewasastrangestillness.Wherehadthebirdsgone?Iwasaspringwithoutbirdvoices.Onlysilencelayoverthefieldsandwoods...RachelCarsonwasascientist,buttheselinesfromher1962bookSilnSpringshowhertalentaswriter.Byimaginingaworldwithoutbirds,sheaimedtowarnthescientificcommunityandthegeneralpublicofthedamagingeffectsofhumanactivityonecosystems-inparticular,oftheharmfuluseofpesticides（殺蟲劑）,suchasDDT.Shebelievedthatthechemicalindustrywasknowinglycausinghamtoplants,animalsandevenhumans,andwishedtoseepesticidesusedinamoreresponsible,limitedandcarefullymonitoredway.SilentSpringcontainsalotofscientificresearchandcasestudies,whichprovessomeprogirammesdidnothingtoreducetheproblemstheywereoriginallydesignedtosolve.Andthe50orsopagesattheendofthebooklistCarson’ssources,showinghowthoroughandpreciseshewasasascientist.Carson’smessagehascausedagreatincreaseinenvironmentalawareness:theuseofDDTwasbannedandtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)wasestablishedintheUS.SilentSpringwasthereforeregardedasamilestoneinthelaunchofgreenmovementintheWesternworld.SilentSpringwasnot,however,receivedpositivelybyeveryone.Thoughsupportedbymostscientists,thebookquicklybecameatargetforcriticsinthepesticideindustry.TheysaidCarsondidnotunderstandthesciencebecauseshewasamarinebiologistratherthanachemist.Somealsosaidthatherworkwasmoreemotionalthanscientific.ThesewereattemptstodamageCarson’sreputationandstopherworkfrominfluencingpublicpolicy,butsheremaineddeterminedtostandbyherresearch.Personally,IenjoyedCarson’sbook.Today,morethan50yearsafteritwaspublished,thevoiceofSilentSpringisstillringingloudandclear.4.WhydidCarsondescribeaworldwithoutbirds?A.Tocreateapoeticatmosphere.B.ToshowCarson’stalentasawriter.C.Toraiseenvironmentalawareness.D.Toarousereaders’interestinscience.5.WhatdoweknowaboutCarson?A.Sheisacommittedscientist. B.Sheisanuninfluentialbiologist.C.Sheisawell-recognizedchemist. D.Sheisaproductivewriter.6.WhatwasthepossiblereasonwhyCarson’sbookbecameatargetforcritics?A.Shecouldn’tcontrolheremotion. B.Shewentagainstscience.C.Shelackedscientificspirit. D.Shethreatenedtheirprofit.7.Whatisthetext?A.Abookreview. B.Anewsjournal.C.Aresearcharticle. D.Apersonalprofile.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章以《寂靜的春天》這本書的內(nèi)容，展開全文。講述了雷切爾·卡森通過想象一個沒有鳥類的世界，旨在警告科學(xué)界和公眾人類活動對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的破壞性影響，特別是有害使用殺蟲劑?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Byimaginingaworldwithoutbirds,sheaimedtowarnthescientificcommunityandthegeneralpublicofthedamagingeffectsofhumanactivityonecosystems-inparticular,oftheharmfuluseofpesticides（殺蟲劑）,suchasDDT.(通過想象一個沒有鳥類的世界，她旨在警告科學(xué)界和公眾人類活動對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的破壞性影響，特別是有害使用殺蟲劑，如DDT。)”可知，卡森描述了一個沒有鳥類的世界目的是在警告科學(xué)界和公眾人類活動對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的破壞性影響，提升公眾的環(huán)保意識。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Andthe50orsopagesattheendofthebooklistCarson’ssources,showinghowthoroughandpreciseshewasasascientist.(書的最后50多頁列出了卡森的資料來源，顯示出她作為一名科學(xué)家是多么細致和精確。)”可知，她是一名敬業(yè)的科學(xué)家。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Carson’smessagehascausedagreatincreaseinenvironmentalawareness:theuseofDDTwasbanned.(卡森信息引起了環(huán)境意識的極大提高：DDT的使用被禁止)”根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Thoughsupportedbymostscientists,thebookquicklybecameatargetforcriticsinthepesticideindustry.(盡管這本書得到了大多數(shù)科學(xué)家的支持，但它很快成為了農(nóng)藥行業(yè)批評人士的靶子。)可知，她的書之所以被農(nóng)藥行業(yè)人士批評，是因為影響了農(nóng)藥產(chǎn)品的銷售即她威脅到了農(nóng)藥行業(yè)的利益。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Therewasastrangestillness.Wherehadthebirdsgone?Iwasaspringwithoutbirdvoices.Onlysilencelayoverthefieldsandwoods...(周圍是一種奇怪的寂靜。鳥兒到哪里去了？我是沒有鳥鳴的春天。只有寂靜籠罩著田野和樹林……)”可知，文章以《寂靜的春天》這本書的內(nèi)容，展開全文。同時根據(jù)下文，文章主要講述了雷切爾·卡森通過想象一個沒有鳥類的世界，旨在警告科學(xué)界和公眾人類活動對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的破壞性影響，特別是有害使用殺蟲劑，如DDT。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Personally,IenjoyedCarson’sbook.Today,morethan50yearsafteritwaspublished,thevoiceofSilentSpringisstillringingloudandclear.(就我個人而言，我很喜歡卡森的書?！都澎o的春天》出版50多年后的今天，《寂靜的春天》的聲音依然響亮而清晰。)”可知，文章結(jié)尾處，作者向讀者們推薦該書。故整篇文章應(yīng)該出自于一本書評。CItshouldn’tcomeasnewstoanyonethattheplanetissufferingaclimateemergency.Andthefashionindustrycertainlyplaysitspartinthis.In2020,theIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)calculatedthatthefashionindustryproducestenpercentofannualglobalcarbondioxideemissionandisestimatedtousearound1.5trillionlitresofwatereveryyear.Theindustry’senvironmentalimpactisgreatlyworsenedbyfastfashionwhichreleaseshundredsofnewstyleseveryweek,leadingtooverproductionandoverconsumption.Buthowdowesolvethisissue?Oneanswerliesinthenewgenerationofmade-to-orderbrandsmakingtheirwayintothemainstream.Thesebrandsmakeclothesonlyasandwhenthey’reordered.It’safarmoresustainableapproach,andbecausethere’snooverproduction,lessunwantedstock（庫存）endsupinlandfills.Italsopromotesaslowerfashionmodel,withpiecestakingbetweenthreeweeksandthreemonthstoarriveoncepurchased.Itsfocusisoncreatingspecial,well-madepiecesforconsumerstotreasureforyearstocome.MaisonCléoissuchaclothingcompany,takinglimitedorderseachweekwhicharethenhandmadeanddeliveredinapproximatelythreeweeks.Anditadvocatesforfairandreasonablepricing.Thusitattractsloyalcustomerbaseswiththeirsocialandenvironmentalresponsibility,perfectcraftsmanshipandevergreenstyles.Withmade-to-orderbrandsrapidlygrowinginpopularity,itbegsthequestion-couldthisbethestartofanew,environmentallyresponsibleera?Ihopeso.Withoverproductionandoverconsumptionfuelingarealclimatecrisis,themade-to-orderclothingcouldbethefutureoffashionourplanetbadlyneeds.8Whichistheproblemwithfastfashion?A.Itslowseconomicgrowth.B.Itpolluteswaterresources.C.Itresultsinoverpopulation.D.Itcausesoverconsumption.9.Whatdoweknowabouttheproductsofmade-to-orderbrands?A.Theypromisehighquality. B.Theyaredeliveredfast.C.Theyendupinlandfills. D.Theyareproducedinquantity.10.Whydoestheauthormention“MaisonCléo”inparagraph3?A.Toexplainarule. B.Topresentanexample.C.Tolistafact. D.Togiveanexception.11.Whatisthesuitabletitleofthepassage?A.ClimateCrisisandFastFashionB.TheDevelopmentofMade-To-OrderBrandsC.CouldMade-To-OrderbetheFutureofFashion?D.HowtoReduceCarbonDioxideEmissions?【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章揭示了快時尚導(dǎo)致氣候變化，也是造成環(huán)境惡化因素之一。為解決該問題，文章提出了一個新的方法——定制品牌。由此可以避免生產(chǎn)過剩，減少浪費?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theindustry’senvironmentalimpactisgreatlyworsenedbyfastfashionwhichreleaseshundredsofnewstyleseveryweek,leadingtooverproductionandoverconsumption.(快時尚行業(yè)對環(huán)境的影響大大惡化，每周發(fā)布數(shù)百種新款式，導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)過剩和過度消費。)”可知，快時尚導(dǎo)致的是生產(chǎn)過剩和過度消費。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Itsfocusisoncreatingspecial,well-madepiecesforconsumerstotreasureforyearstocome.(它的重點是為消費者創(chuàng)造特殊的、制作精良的產(chǎn)品，讓他們在未來幾年珍惜。)”可知，定制的品牌產(chǎn)品高質(zhì)量。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“MaisonCléoissuchaclothingcompany,takinglimitedorderseachweekwhicharethenhandmadeanddeliveredinapproximatelythreeweeks.Anditadvocatesforfairandreasonablepricing.Thusitattractsloyalcustomerbaseswiththeirsocialandenvironmentalresponsibility,perfectcraftsmanshipandevergreenstyles.(MaisonCléo就是這樣一家服裝公司，每周接受有限的訂單，然后手工制作，大約三周內(nèi)交貨。它提倡公平合理的定價。因此，它以其對社會和環(huán)境的責(zé)任感、完美的工藝和常青的風(fēng)格吸引了忠實的客戶群體。)”可知，整段以MaisonCléo公司為例，闡述了定制品牌產(chǎn)品的好處。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Withoverproductionandoverconsumptionfuelingarealclimatecrisis,themade-to-orderclothingcouldbethefutureoffashionourplanetbadlyneeds.(隨著生產(chǎn)過剩和消費過度加劇了一場真正的氣候危機，定制服裝可能是我們這個星球急需的未來時尚。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章探討了隨著生產(chǎn)過剩和消費過度所導(dǎo)致氣候危機的加劇，定制服裝可能是我們解決氣候危機的重要措施。故文章的最好標題C選項“訂制會成為時尚的未來嗎?”符合題意。故選C。DMarianaBechtelisn’texactlysomeonewhoavoidsstress.Throughouther,shehaspursuedhigh-pressuremanagementjobs:“I’mhardcore,”saysthe44-yearoldwifeandmotheroftwo.“Iwantedtobeontopatwork,andIwantedtobeagreatmom”–onewhocouldattendbaseballgames,driveandhelpwithhomeworkevenafteranhour-longcommute（通勤）onworkdays,moreoftenthannot,witha5a.m.marathon-trainingrun.However,aftermonthsoflosingsleep,droppingweightandfeelingpushedtolosehermind,MarianaBechteldecidedshehadtoaddressherstress-andturnittoheradvantage.Thenewjobsherecentlyswitchedtostillhasitsshareofpressure,butwithmoresupportfromherbossandmoreflexibilityinherschedule,shesaysshefeelsgreat.Contrarytopopularbelief,stressdoesn’thavetobeasoul-sucking,health-damagingforce.Butfewpeopleknowhowtotransformtheirstressintothepositivekindthathelpsthemreachtheirgoals.Arecentresearchconfirmsthatgainingcontroloverjobdemands,doingworkwithmeaningandpurposeandenjoyingsupportandencouragementfromco-workersarealllinkedtobeneficialstress.Simplychangingattitudesandexpectationsaboutstress-throughcoaching,trainingorpeer-supportgroups-canalsodeveloptheconstructivekindofstress.“Stressisparadoxical,”saysAliaCrum,aresearchscholar.“Ononehand,itcanbethethingthathurtsusmost.Ontheother,it’sfundamentaltopsychologicalandphysicalgrowth.Theattitudethatweviewandapproachstresswillshifttheoutcome.”12.WhatisMarianaBechtel’snewjoblike?A.Itishealth-damaging.BItisphysicallydemanding.C.Ithaslittlestress.D.Ithasflexibleworktime.13.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthestoryofMarianaBechtel?A.Stresscanbeturnedbeneficial.B.Toomuchstressisharmfultohealth.C.It’shardtobalanceworkandfamily.D.Everyjobhasitsownadvantage.14.Howcanwemakestresstoouradvantageaccordingtotherecentresearch?A.Byrefusingtheboss’sdemandsB.Bytakingupameaningfuljob.C.Bysupportingco-workers.DBystickingtoourattitudetostress.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph5mean?A.Stresshasfar-reachingeffects. B.Stresshasseveraldisadvantages.C.Stresshastwooppositefeatures. D.Stressisnotnecessaryatall.【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章闡述了一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。即在控制工作要求、從事有意義的工作以及享受同事的支持和鼓勵環(huán)境中，壓力會轉(zhuǎn)化為積極的動力，幫助人們實現(xiàn)目標【12題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thenewjobsherecentlyswitchedtostillhasitsshareofpressure,butwithmoresupportfromherbossandmoreflexibilityinherschedule,shesaysshefeelsgreat.(她最近換的新工作仍然有壓力，但有了老板更多的支持和更靈活的工作時間，她說她感覺很好。)”可知，最近的新工作仍然有壓力，但是有了更多靈活的工作時間。故選D。【13題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Butfewpeopleknowhowtotransformtheirstressintothepositivekindthathelpsthemreachtheirgoals.(但是很少有人知道如何把他們的壓力轉(zhuǎn)化為積極的動力，從而幫助他們實現(xiàn)目標。)”可知，通過列舉MarianaBechtel的例子，作者是為了說明壓力可以變成積極的動力，從而幫助人們成功。故選A。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Arecentresearchconfirmsthatgainingcontroloverjobdemands,doingworkwithmeaningandpurposeandenjoyingsupportandencouragementfromco-workersarealllinkedtobeneficialstress.(最近的一項研究證實，控制工作要求、有意義和目的地工作、享受同事的支持和鼓勵都與有益的壓力有關(guān)。)”可知，通過從事一份有意義的工作，能夠讓壓力激發(fā)我們的優(yōu)勢。故選B?！?5題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文的“Ononehand,itcanbethethingthathurtsusmost.Ontheother,it’sfundamentaltopsychologicalandphysicalgrowth.(一方面，它可能是最傷害我們的事情。另一方面，它是心理和身體成長的基礎(chǔ)。)”可知，壓力一方面對我們有害，另一方面又是我們心理和身體成長的基礎(chǔ)即對我們有利。故壓力有兩個相反的特征。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Likespaceexploration,deepseaexplorationrequiresnewinstrumentsandtechnology.Theoceandepthsarecoldanddarkandareunderhighpressure.____16____FindingtheBottomInthe8thcentury,leadweightswhichwereattachedtoropesaredroppedtomeasurewaterdepth.Beginninginthe19thcentury,researchersusedwireratherthanropetotakesoundingmeasurements.Inthemodernera,acoustic(聲學(xué)的)depthmeasurementdevicesarewidelyused.____17____.HumanExplorationOncepeopleknewwheretheseafloorwas,____18____Sciencehasprogressedwaybeyondthedivingbell,ahugebottlecontainingairthatcouldbeloweredintothewater.ThefirstsubmarinewasbuiltbyCorneliusDrebbelin1623.Thefirstunderwaterbreathingdevicewasinventedin1865.In1964,Alvinwastested.AlvinwasbuiltbyGeneralMillsandoperatedbytheUSNavy.Alvinallowedthreepeopletoremainunderwaterforaslongasninehoursandasdeepas14,800feet.Modernsubmarinescantravelasdeepas20,000feet.RoboticExplorationWhilehumanshavevisitedthebottomoftheMarianaTrench,____19____.Furtherexplorationreliesonmodernroboticsystems.Remotelyoperatedvehicles(ROVs)arecontrolledbyresearchersonaship.ROVstypicallycarrycameras,manipulator(操作)arms,sonarequipment,andsamplecontainers.Autonomousunderwatervehicles(AUVs)operatewithouthumancontrol.____20____.Somevehicles,suchastheNereus,actaseitheraROVorAUV.A.ButdivingdeepneverendsB.HumansarecuriousabouttheseaC.theyhavemadealotofdiscoveriesD.theywantedtovisitandexamineitE.thetripsonlyallowedlimitedexplorationF.Basically,theyproducealoudsoundandlistenforechoestomeasuredistanceG.Theygeneratemaps,measuretemperatureandchemicals,andtakephotographs【答案】16.A17.F18.D19.E20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。人類對深海的探索從未停止過，人類利用了各種方式來探測深海的底部有多深。【16題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Theoceandepthsarecoldanddarkandareunderhighpressure.(海洋深處又冷又黑，承受著高壓)”以及后文“Inthe8thcentury,leadweightswhichwereattachedtoropesaredroppedtomeasurewaterdepth.(在8世紀，人們放下綁在繩子上的鉛錘來測量水深)”以及后文“Sciencehasprogressedwaybeyondthedivingbell,ahugebottlecontainingairthatcouldbeloweredintothewater.(科學(xué)的進步遠遠超過了潛水鐘，潛水鐘是一個巨大的瓶子，里面裝著可以放入水中的空氣)”可知，盡管深海又黑又冷，但是人類一直在嘗試各種方式來去探測深海，因此選項A“Butdivingdeepneverends(但是深海潛水永無止境)”與前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，同時引起下文，符合語意。故選A項。【17題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Beginninginthe19thcentury,researchersusedwireratherthanropetotakesoundingmeasurements.Inthemodernera,acoustic(聲學(xué)的)depthmeasurementdevicesarewidelyused.(從19世紀開始，研究人員使用鋼絲而不是繩索進行測深測量。在現(xiàn)代，聲學(xué)深度測量裝置得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用)”可知，研究者們通過測量聲音來判斷海底的深度，選項F中的“aloudsound”與前文的“takesoundingmeasurements”相對應(yīng)，F(xiàn)選項“Basically,theyproducealoudsoundandlistenforechoestomeasuredistance(基本上，它們會發(fā)出很大的聲音，然后聽回聲來測量距離)”符合語意,they指代上文的acousticdepthmeasurementdevices。故選F項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文的“ThefirstsubmarinewasbuiltbyCorneliusDrebbelin1623.Thefirstunderwaterbreathingdevicewasinventedin1865.In1964,Alvinwastested.AlvinwasbuiltbyGeneralMillsandoperatedbytheUSNavy.Alvinallowedthreepeopletoremainunderwaterforaslongasninehoursandasdeepas14,800feet.Modernsubmarinescantravelasdeepas20,000feet.(第一艘潛艇由科尼利厄斯·德雷貝爾于1623年建造。第一個水下呼吸裝置于1865年發(fā)明。1964年，阿爾文接受了測試。阿爾文由通用磨坊建造，由美國海軍運營。阿爾文允許三人在水下停留長達九個小時，深度達14800英尺。現(xiàn)代潛艇可以航行到20000英尺深)”可知，人們發(fā)明和創(chuàng)造了很多東西來幫助自己去探索深海，因此可知人們對于深海是充滿了興趣和好奇的，一旦確定深海在哪，他們一定去看看深海是怎么樣的。故選項D“theywantedtovisitandexamineit(他們就想去參觀考察)”引起下文內(nèi)容，符合語意。故選D項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Furtherexplorationreliesonmodernroboticsystems.(進一步的探索依賴于現(xiàn)代的機器人系統(tǒng))”可知，人類探索的能力有限，更進一步的探索需要借助現(xiàn)代的機器人系統(tǒng)，故選項E“thetripsonlyallowedlimitedexploration(但這些旅程只能進行有限的勘探)”說明了人類探索的局限性，同時引出下文借助機器人系統(tǒng)來探索的重要性。故選E項?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Remotelyoperatedvehicles(ROVs)arecontrolledbyresearchersonaship.ROVstypicallycarrycameras,manipulator(操作)arms,sonarequipment,andsamplecontainers.Autonomousunderwatervehicles(AUVs)operatewithouthumancontrol.(遙控飛行器由船上的研究人員控制。ROV通常攜帶攝像機、機械臂、聲納設(shè)備和樣本容器。自動水下機器人在沒有人類控制的情況下運行)”以及后文“Somevehicles,suchastheNereus,actaseitheraROVorAUV.(有些工具，如Nereus，可以作為ROV或AUV)”可知，這些遠程操控的機器有攜帶攝像機、機械臂、聲納設(shè)備和樣本容器等能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)諸如拍照等多種功能，故選項G“Theygeneratemaps,measuretemperatureandchemicals,andtakephotographs(他們繪制地圖，測量溫度和化學(xué)物質(zhì)，并拍攝照片)”符合語意。故選G項。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項?！癓ook,Carolyn!”Toddcriedout____21____Hiswife,Carolyn,whowasbeingservedbythebreakfastrobot,lookedupatthescreen.Theheadlinesread,“Another____22____breakout;faultyroboticsblamed”.“Oh,don’tworry,”Carolynlaughedquietly.That’sodfacility.Plus,Iknowtheyweren’twell____23____,”sheadded.“Thatplaceisn’tas____24____asours.”“Butthereportsayseveninamaximum-securityprisonlikeyours,onesmall____25____couldcausealotofproblems,”Todd____26____.“Don’tworrytoomuch,”shegrabbedherbagandrushedintoheraircar,notknowingshehadleftheremergencycalldeviceonthetable.Whenshearrivedattheprison,everythingwas____27____inorder.Butjustassheclosedherofficedoorbehindher,aloud____28____sounded.Carolyn’sblood____29____.Shehadonlyeverheardthatsoundduringdrills.Ageneralsystem____30____!Shelookedoutofherofficewindowintotheprisonbelow.Sureenough,therobotswereoutof____31____Mosthadstoppedmoving.Somecircledaimlessly.Someprisonerswerereadytorushouttofreedom.Carolynopenedherbagandreachedforher____32____calldevice.Herheartsankassherealizedshehadleftitathome.Withoutthedevice,nothingintheprisonwouldwork____33____now.Thenthedoor____34____.Andtherewas...Todd!Hepushedtheemergencycalldevicedirectlyintoherhands.Tearswellingupinhereyes,Carolynexclaimed,“Thankgoodness.I’llhaveto____35____thecomputerandupgradethesystemassoonaspossible.”21.A.insecret B.inpain C.injoy D.inshock22.A.robot B.prison C.fire D.war23.A.maintained B.rebuilt C.decorated D.polished24.A.precious B.delicate C.violent D.advanced25.A.blank B.shift C.error D.step26.A.approved B.warned C.confirmed D.admitted27.A.apparently B.frequently C.constantly D.ultimately28.A.voice B.laughter C.alarm D.weapon29.A.bombed B.froze C.dropped D.flowed30.A.circumstance B.breakthrough C.wound D.failure31.A.use B.question C.control D.breath32.A.urgent B.emergency C.mobile D.immediate33.A.automatically B.barely C.properly D.fluently34.A.burstopen B.shutoff C.brokedown D.turnedover35.A.close B.replace C.destroy D.reset【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.D25.C26.B27.A28.C29.B30.D31.C32.B33.C34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。講述的是由于機器人出現(xiàn)失控，導(dǎo)致一起越獄事情的發(fā)生。在現(xiàn)場，當Carolyn急忙找尋緊急呼救設(shè)備的時候，她的丈夫Todd突然出現(xiàn)，及時地彌補了越獄事件發(fā)生帶來的后果?！?1題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：托德震驚地喊道。A.insecret秘密地；B.inpain痛苦地；C.injoy愉快地；D.inshock震驚地。根據(jù)后文“Another____2____breakout;faultyroboticsblamed.”可知，屏幕出現(xiàn)的標題讓托德震驚到。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：又一起越獄事件；錯誤的機器人為此負責(zé)。A.robot機器人；B.prison監(jiān)獄；C.fire火；D.war戰(zhàn)爭。根據(jù)后文的“Butthereportsayseveninamaximum-securityprisonlikeyours,onesmall____5____couldcausealotofproblems,”可知，是一起越獄事件的發(fā)生。故選B。【23題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：A.maintained維護；B.rebuilt建造；C.decorated裝修；D.polished打磨，擦亮。根據(jù)前文“That’soddfacility.”可知，這些及其沒有受到較好的維護。故選A。【24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那個地方不像我們這里那么先進。A.precious珍貴的；B.delicate精致的；C.violent暴力的；D.advanced先進的。根據(jù)前文的“Another____2____breakout;faultyroboticsblamed”可知，又一起因為機器人失職而造成的越獄事件發(fā)生，故那個地方不像我們這里那么先進。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但報告說，即使是在像你這樣的最高安全級別的監(jiān)獄，一個小錯誤也可能導(dǎo)致很多問題。A.blank空白；B.shift轉(zhuǎn)移；C.error錯誤；D.step臺階。根據(jù)后文的“causealotofproblems”可知，導(dǎo)致問題的是錯誤。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：托德警告到。A.approved贊同；B.warned警告；C.confirmed證實；D.admitted承認。根據(jù)前文中“Butthereportsayseveninamaximum-securityprisonlikeyours,onesmall____5____couldcausealotofproblems.”可知，是托德警告的內(nèi)容。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當她到達監(jiān)獄時，一切顯然都井然有序。A.apparently明顯地；B.frequently頻繁地；C.constantly持續(xù)地，不斷地；D.ultimately最終地。根據(jù)后文的“inorder”可知，很明顯，一切都井然有序。故選A。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但就在她關(guān)上辦公室的門時，一聲響亮的警報響起了。A.voice嗓音；B.laughter笑聲；C.alarm警報；D.weapon武器。根據(jù)后文的“Shehadonlyeverheardthatsoundduringdrills.”可知，只有在演練的時候聽到過這種聲音，即警報的聲音。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：卡洛琳的怔住了。A.bombed爆炸；B.froze凍住；C.dropped掉落；D.flowed漂流。根據(jù)后文的“Shehadonlyeverheardthatsoundduringdrills.”可知，此處表示的是她非常的害怕。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：通用系統(tǒng)失效了。A.circumstance情況；B.breakthrough突破；C.wound傷口；D.failure失敗。根據(jù)后文的“Sureenough,therobotswereoutof____11____.”可知，機器人失效了，故整個通用系統(tǒng)失效了。故選D.【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她從辦公室的窗戶向下面的監(jiān)獄望去。果然，機器人失去了控制。A.use使用；B.question問題；C.control控制；D.breath呼吸。根據(jù)后文的“Mosthadstoppedmoving.Somecircledaimlessly.”可知，是機器人失控了。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：卡洛琳打開包，伸手去拿她的緊急呼叫裝置。A.urgent急切的；B.emergency緊急的；C.mobile移動的；D.immediate立即的。根據(jù)前文的“notknowingshehadleftheremergencycalldeviceonthetable.”可知卡洛琳沒有帶緊急呼叫裝置。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有那個裝置，現(xiàn)在監(jiān)獄里的一切都不能正常工作了。A.automatically自動地；B.barely幾乎不；C.properly恰當?shù)?，正常地；D.fluently流利地。根據(jù)前文“Withoutthedevice,nothingintheprisonwouldwork”可知，沒有該設(shè)備，一切都無法正常運轉(zhuǎn)。故選C。【34題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：門突然開了。A.burstopen突然開了；B.shutoff關(guān)閉；C.brokedown出故障；D.turnover翻轉(zhuǎn)。根據(jù)后文“Andtherewas...Todd!”可知，門突然開了，托德出現(xiàn)了。故選A。【35題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我得盡快重置電腦，升級系統(tǒng)。A.close關(guān)閉；B.replace代替；C.destroy毀滅；D.reset重新設(shè)置。根據(jù)后文的“upgradethesystemassoonaspossible”可知是重新設(shè)置電腦，才能系統(tǒng)盡快的升級。故選D。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。98-yuandomesticplaneticketsarebeingadvertisedbyChineseonlinetravelplatformLY.COM.Whilesuchalowpricesounds____36____(amaze),thereisjustonecatch:thepurchaserisnottold____37____theflightisheading,norwhenitwilltakeoff.Labeledasa“destinationblindbox”onthesite,tickets____38____(purchase)througharatherconvenientbookingprocedure,inwhichpassengersprovidetheirtravelinformation,selectadepartureairportandthenpaytheir98yuan.Iftherandomly____39____(choose)dateanddestinationareunsuitable,usersmayaskforarefund,____40____oncethey“l(fā)ockin”theirtickets,thereisnogoingback.Youngpeoplearethebigtargetgroupforthis____41____(promote),becausetheynotonlyenjoytheexcitementof____42____unknown,butalsoliketoshowofftheirlivesthroughcommercial____43____(activity).Forexample,somepeoplesharethescreenshotsofticketstheyhavedrawn.However,someexpertsclaim____44____istooraretodrawaticketthatisideal.“Themarketingcampaignmaybeaimed_____45_____thefastsaleofsometicketsfromlesspopularairlinesthatwereoriginallynotthatexpensive.Iftheysellalargequantityoftickets,thecompanymaystillearnaprofiteventhoughthepriceis98yuan,”anexpertintourismsuggested.【答案】36.amazing37.where38.arepurchased##arebeingpurchased39.chosen40.but41.promotion42.the43.activities44.it45.at【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國在線旅游平臺LY.COM正在為98元的國內(nèi)機票做廣告。而年輕人是此次促銷活動的對象?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：雖然如此低的價格聽起來令人驚訝，但只有一個問題：購買者沒有被告知航班將飛往何處，也沒有被告知何時起飛。分析句子可知，空處前的sounds是感官系動詞，空處應(yīng)填形容詞作表語，且應(yīng)用修飾物的形容詞，即以-ing為結(jié)尾的形容詞，應(yīng)用amazing。故填amazing?！?7題詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：雖然如此低的價格聽起來令人驚訝，但只有一個問題：購買者沒有被告知航班將飛往何處，也沒有被告知何時起飛。分析句子可知，此處考查引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞，從句部分缺狀語，結(jié)合語意可知，此處缺地點狀語，應(yīng)用where來引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。故填where。【38題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：該網(wǎng)站上的標簽是“目的地盲箱”，通過一個相當方便的預(yù)訂程序購買機票，乘客提供他們的旅行信息，選擇出發(fā)機場，然后支付98元。分析句子可知，空處前的tickets是主語，且為復(fù)數(shù)形式，故空處應(yīng)填動詞作謂語，空處與主語之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)句意可知，此處可用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在進行時，因此空處應(yīng)填動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)或現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。故填arepurchased或arebeingpurchased?！?9題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：如果隨機選擇的日期和目的地不合適，用戶可能會要求退款，但一旦他們“鎖定”了他們的機票，就沒有回頭路可走了。分析句子可知，are為謂語動詞，故空處應(yīng)填動詞的非謂語形式作定語，空處與后文的date及destination之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞形式作定語，意為“被選擇的”。故填chosen?！?0題詳解】考查連詞。句意：如果隨機選擇的日期和目的地不合適，用戶可能會要求退款，但一旦他們“鎖定”了他們的機票，就沒有回頭路可走了。分析句子可知，空處前后是句子成分完整的句子，故空處應(yīng)填連詞連接兩個分句，根據(jù)語意可知，空處前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用并列連詞but。故填but?！?1題詳解】考查名詞。句意：年輕人是這次促銷活動的主要目標群體，因為他們不僅享受未知事物帶來的興奮感，還喜歡通過商業(yè)活動來展示自己的生活。分析句子可知，空處前是指示代詞this