Unit8教材知識梳理-人教版七年級英語下冊

U8onceuponatimeShortstoriescanholdbigideas.教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.tellstoriesandtalkaboutwhatyoucanlearnfromthem.(會講故事，并談?wù)撌斋@)2.usethesimplepasttenseandthesimplepresenttensetotellastoryand.makeupanendingforastory.（學(xué)會用一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時講故事，并能為故事續(xù)寫結(jié)局）3..explorestoriesfromdifferentcultures.（了解不同國家的故事）二、知識梳理了解不同的英文小故事及寓意（單元全部有所提及，故事重點講了標(biāo)紅色的,黃色來源于教材，加粗單詞為單詞表單詞。）故事中文簡介英文簡介諾亞方舟諾亞方舟是《圣經(jīng)》中的故事，講述了上帝決定用洪水毀滅世界，但指示諾亞建造一艘大船來保護(hù)他的家人和各種動物。洪水過后，諾亞放出鴿子尋找陸地，最終鴿子帶回了橄欖枝，表示洪水已經(jīng)退去。ThestoryofNoah'sArkisfromtheBible,whereGoddecidedtodestroytheworldwithafloodbutinstructedNoahtobuildalargeboattoprotecthisfamilyandpairsofanimals.Aftertheflood,Noahsentadovetofindland,andthedovereturnedwithanolivebranch,indicatingthefloodwatershadreceded.獅子和老鼠這個故事講述了一只老鼠無意中幫助了一只被困的獅子，獅子因此承諾將來會回報老鼠。后來，老鼠真的需要獅子的幫助來逃脫獵人的追捕。這個故事展示了即使是最弱小的生物也能提供幫助，以及感恩的重要性。Thestorytellsofamousewhoaccidentallyhelpsatrappedlion.Thelioncaughtthemouse.Themouseaskedthelionnottokillhim.Hepromisedtohelpthelion,andthelionlethimgo.Thehuntercaughtthelion.Themousebitthroughthenet.Thisstoryshowsthateventhesmallestcreaturescanprovidehelpandtheimportanceofgratitude.葉公好龍葉公非常喜歡龍，他的家里到處都裝飾著龍的圖案。然而，當(dāng)一條真正的龍出現(xiàn)時，葉公卻害怕地逃跑了。這個故事諷刺了那些表面上喜歡某事物，但實際上并不真正理解和欣賞它的人。LordYeloveddragonsanddecoratedhishomewithdragonmotifs.However,whenarealdragonappeared,LordYeranawayinfear.Thisstorysatirizesthosewhoclaimtolovesomethingbutdonottrulyunderstandorappreciateit.塞翁失馬很久以前，一個農(nóng)民失去了他的馬。然而，不久之后，這匹馬帶著其他六匹馬回來了.但是，好景不長，農(nóng)民的兒子在嘗試馴服其中一匹新馬時，不幸摔斷了腿。當(dāng)戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)時，由于兒子腿傷，他不符合參軍的條件，因此不必去參軍打仗，從而避免了可能在戰(zhàn)爭中失去生命的命運。這個故事告訴我們，有時候表面上看起來是不幸的事情，可能會帶來意想不到的好運；反之亦然。它強調(diào)了在面對生活中的起伏時，保持耐心和樂觀態(tài)度的重要性。Longago,afarmerlosthishorse.Thefarmer'shorsecamebackwithsixotherhorses.Thefarmer'ssonbrokehisleg.Thefarmer'ssondidn'thavetojointhewar.Usually,peoplefeelsadwhentheylosesomething.Butthefarmerinthestorydidn'tfeelsadwhenhelosthishorse.Thisstoryteachesusthatsometimesmisfortunecanleadtounexpectedgoodfortune.皇帝的新衣這個故事講述了一個愚蠢的皇帝被兩個騙子欺騙，相信他們能制作出只有聰明人才能看見的衣服。結(jié)果，皇帝在眾人面前裸體游行，直到一個小孩說出了真相。這個故事諷刺了盲目的權(quán)威和缺乏批判性思維。Here'sTheEmperor'sNewClothesbyHansChristianAndersen.Onceuponatime,anemperorlovedclothesverymuch.Hewantedtobuysomenewclothes.Twobrotherscameandliedtohim,“Wecanmakewonderfulclothes!Butonlyclever/smartpeoplecanseethem!”Theypromisedtomakebeautifulclothes.Theypretendedtomaketheclothes.Theemperor'sofficialscouldn'tseetheclothes,buttheysaid,“Whatlovelyclothes!”Theemperorcouldn'tseeanythingeither,buthesaid,“They'rebeautiful!”Noonewantedtolooksilly.Theemperordecidedtoshoweveryonehisnewclothes.Peopleinthestreetpraisedthematfirst.Theywereafraidtolooksillytoo!Suddenly,aboyshouted,“Look!Theemperorhasnoclotheson!”Everyonelookedatoneanother.Theystarted/beganlaughingwhenaboytoldthetruth.Thisstorysatirizesblindauthorityandthelackofcriticalthinking.丑小鴨這個故事講述了一只長得丑陋的小鴨子，它因為自己的外貌而被其他鴨子欺負(fù)。然而，隨著時間的推移，丑小鴨長成了一只美麗的天鵝。這個故事告訴我們，每個人都有自己的價值，不應(yīng)因為外表而被評判。Onceuponatime,therewasamotherduck.Shehadsixlittleducklings.Fiveoftheducklingsweresmallandyellow,butthelastducklingwasbigandgrey.“Hedoesn’tlooklikeus!Whatanuglyduckling!”theotherducklingssaid.“That’snotnice!”saidMotherDuck.“He’sstilladucklikeus!”Attheriver,theuglyducklingswamwell,justlikealltheotherducklings.Buttheotherducklingsstilllaughedathimandtoldhimtogoaway.Itmadethepoorducklingverysad,sohedecidedtosearchforanewhome.Hemetmanyotherbirds,butallofthemthoughtthathewasuglytoo.Theydidnotwanthimtolivewiththem.Oneday,theducklingmetacatandahen.“MayIstaywithyou?”heaskedhopefully.Butthetwoanimalssaidno.Theydidnotlikehimbecausehecouldnotpurrorlayeggs!Somedayslater,theuglyducklingcametoalake.There,hesawthreebeautifulswanswithlongnecksandwhitefeathers.“IwishIlookedlikeyou!”hecried.“Myfriend,youdolooklikeus!Lookinthewater!”oneoftheswanssaid.Theducklinglookeddown,andtohissurprise,hesawthathewasabeautifulwhiteswantoo!Thestorytellsofanuglyducklingwhoisbulliedbyotherducksbecauseofitsappearance.However,overtime,theuglyducklinggrowsintoabeautifulswan.Thisstoryteachesusthateveryonehastheirownworthandshouldnotbejudgedbytheirappearance.《漁夫和魔鬼》《一千零一夜》中的一個著名故事。這個故事講述了一個漁夫意外捕獲了一個裝有魔鬼的瓶子。魔鬼因為長時間被囚禁而憤怒，承諾如果有人釋放他，他就會殺死那個人。然而，故事的結(jié)局通常是漁夫通過智慧和機(jī)智，最終成功地制服了魔鬼。這個故事通過漁夫和魔鬼的互動，展示了智慧和勇氣的重要性，以及在面對強大對手時，冷靜思考和機(jī)智應(yīng)對的價值。Onceuponatime,afishermancaughtabottleinhisfishingnet.Whenheopenedit,agreatcloudcameoutandbecameagenie!“Preparetodie!”shoutedthegenie.“Alongtimeago,Imadeapromise.Ifsomeonesetmefree,Iwouldmakethemrichandpowerful.Butnooneevercame.Afteryearsandyearsofwaiting,Ibecameveryangry.Ifanyonesetmefree,Iwouldkilltheminsteadofgivingthemanything.So,youmustdie!”Intheend，thefishermansucceedinsavinghimself.Thisstory,throughtheinteractionbetweenthefishermanandthegenie,demonstratestheimportanceofwisdomandcourage,andthevalueofcalmthinkingandquickwitwhenfacingapowerfulopponent.《小婦人》由美國作家露易莎·梅·奧爾科特所著，一部以美國南北戰(zhàn)爭為背景，以19世紀(jì)美國新英格蘭地區(qū)的一個普通家庭四個姐妹之間的生活瑣事為藍(lán)本的帶有自傳色彩的家庭倫理小說。小說受到當(dāng)時的大思想家愛默生的影響，強調(diào)了個人尊嚴(yán)與自立自律的觀念；內(nèi)容平實卻細(xì)膩，結(jié)構(gòu)單純而寓意深遠(yuǎn)，富有強烈的感染力。"LittleWomen"byAmericanauthorLouisaMayAlcott,acivilwarintheUnitedStatesasthebackground,inthe19thcenturytheUnitedStatesinNewEnglandanaveragefamilyoffoursisters,isbasedonthelifetriviabetweenfamilyethicswithautobiographycolorfiction.Novelsbyatthattime,theinfluenceofthegreatthinkersofEmerson,highlightstheconceptofpersonaldignityandindependenceofselfdiscipline;Contentplanebutdelicate,simplestructureandfable,richstrongappeal。重點單詞及短語課文例句拓展/講解Themousebitthroughthenet.bite動詞，“咬、啃、叮、刺”；過去式為bit。名詞，譯為“咬了一口”，復(fù)數(shù)為bites。常見搭配：Bitethrough：咬穿Takeabiteof:咬一口Themousepromisedtohelpthelion.①〔動詞〕承諾；保證promise(not)todosth承諾（不）做某事，保證（不）做某事promisesbsth/promisesthtosb答應(yīng)給某人某物②〔名詞〕承諾；諾言makeapromise許下諾言keepapromise信守諾言breakapromise違背諾言Wasthefarmerwise?wise(adj.明智的；高明的)→wisely(adv.明智地；聰明地)Onceuponatime,anemperorlovedclothesverymuchonceuponatime從前；很久以前=long(long)agoTwobrotherscameandliedtohim①v.撒謊；lietosb對某人撒謊②v.躺；平躺③v.位于；存在；處于④n.謊言；tellalie/telllies撒謊【助記】規(guī)則的說謊（lielied），不規(guī)則的躺(lielay)。Theypretendedtomaketheclothes.pretend(not)todosth.裝作（不）做某事Pretendtobedoingsth.裝作正在做某事Pretendtobe+名詞/形容詞裝作是...Whatlovelyclothes!感嘆句How+形容詞(+主語+謂語！)=What(+a/an)+名詞(+主語+謂語！)注意：我們可以通過找句子的主語謂語來判斷用how還是what：找到句子的主語，判斷主語前緊靠著詞的詞性，名詞用what，其余用how。Theemperordecidedtoshoweveryonehisnewclothesdecide〔動詞〕決定；decide(not)todosth決定（不）做某事decideon/uponsth.決定某事decision〔名詞〕決定；makeadecision做決定Peoplepraisedtheclothesatfirst①〔動詞〕贊美；表揚；praisesbfor(doing)sth表揚某人（做）某事②〔名詞〕贊揚；稱贊；贊美；inpraiseof贊揚，贊美atfirst起初;最初；Suddenly,aboyshouted..suddenly〔副詞〕突然地；出乎意料地常放在句首作狀語。sudden〔形容詞〕突然的；意想不到的Theylaughedwhenaboytoldthetruth.truth〔名詞〕真相；事實tellthetruth說實話Totellthetruth說實話①true〔形容詞〕符合事實的；真正的②truly〔副詞〕真正；確實；真誠地"Wecanmakealotofmoneybylyingtotheemperor.oneofthebrotherssaid.Makemoney賺錢bydoingsth通過做某事；表示通過某種方式或手段等。“Oneof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，譯為“...之一”；作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Ihatetobedifferent.hate〔及物動詞〕不喜歡；厭惡；討厭hatetodosth與hatedoingsth【注意】hate不用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)。Quickly,theartistpaintedabeautifulpictureofahorsequickly〔副詞〕快速地；很快形容詞quickhaveaquickdinner=havedinnerquickly匆匆地吃晚飯artist〔可數(shù)名詞〕美術(shù)家名詞藝術(shù)artTherewerepaintingsofhorsesallover!allover到處；遍及Allovertheworld全世界Buttheotherducklingsstilllaughedathimandtoldhimtogoaway.laugh〔動詞〕笑laughatsb.嘲笑某人laughter〔名詞〕笑聲goaway走開Attheriver,theuglyducklingswamwell,justlikealltheotherducklings.justlike“像...一樣”【易混辨析】Other,theother,others,theothers與anotherItmadethepoorducklingverysad,sohedecidedtosearchforanewhome.①〔動詞〕尋找；搜尋；searchfor尋找；搜尋；查找search..forsb/sth搜查找某人/某物②〔名詞〕搜尋；搜索；查找anonlinesearch網(wǎng)上搜索"MayIstaywithyou?"heaskedhopefully.“hope(n.希望)hopeful(adj.有希望的)hopefully(adv.有希望地)Theydidnotlikehimbecausehecouldnotpurrorlayeggs!lay〔動詞〕（過去式：laid)①下（蛋）；產(chǎn)（卵）②放置；擱③擺放（餐具）layout擺出“IwishIlookedlikeyou!”hecried.“Wish〔動詞〕希望wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事Wishtodosth.希望做某事Wish+that從句希望...注意：接that從句時，常用虛擬語氣。在與現(xiàn)在情況相反的虛擬語氣中，從句的謂語動詞用過去式，be動詞通常用were。wish〔名詞〕希望；愿望haveawish有一個愿望bestwishes(tosb.)(給你)最美好的祝福Theducklinglookeddown,andtohissurprise,hesawthathewasabe