美國(guó)對(duì)華出口報(bào)告

2025

US-CHINABUSINESSCOUNCIL

USExportstoChina

GoodsandServicesExportstoChinaandtheJobsTheySupport,byStateandCongressionalDistrict

US-CHINABUSINESSCOUNCIL

PAGE

2

ABOUTTHEUS-CHINABUSINESSCOUNCIL

Foundedin1973,theUS-ChinaBusinessCouncil(USCBC)isaprivate,nonpartisan,nonprofitassociationofmorethan270AmericancompaniesthatdobusinesswithChina.OurmembershipincludessomeofthelargestandmosticonicAmericanbrandsinadditiontoprofessionalservicesfirmsandsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises.We

areheadquarteredinWashington,DC,andmaintainofficesinBeijingandShanghai.

TableofContents

3

ExecutiveSummary

5

USGoodsExportstoChina

9

OilseedsandgrainsexportstoChinacontinuetosupportMidwesteconomies

despitecontraction

11

Oilandgascoolafterarecord-breakingyear

12

Semiconductorexportskeepwithglobaltrendsfortheindustry

13

Aerospaceproductsandpartshaveacomeback

14

Pharmaceuticals,medicine,andmedicalequipmentexportstoChinacoolslightly

15

BenefitsofpoultrytradewithChinalimitedtoahandfulofstates

17

TariffSnapshot

18

USServicesExportstoChina

23

Travelstillrecoveringfrompandemiclosses

24

EducationremainsthetopservicesexporttoChina

26

JobsImpactSnapshot

27

Methodology

ExecutiveSummary

ThisreportexploresthelatestcomprehensivedataavailableonexportsofbothUSgoods(2024)andservices(2023)toChinaaswellastheAmericanjobstheysupport.This

datadoesnotreflectUSandChinesetariffincreasesenactedsofarin2025,whichareexpectedtosignificantlyreduceUSexportsiftheyremaininplace.

ChinaisaleadingmarketforAmericangoodsandservices.

ChinaremainedtheUnitedStates’third-largestgoodsexportmarketin2024andsixth-largestservicesexportmarketin2023.TradewithChinainareaslikeagriculture,education,travel,aerospace,andmoresupportshundredsof

thousandsofAmericanjobs.

ExistingtradebarriersandnewtariffescalationsthreatentoupendyearsoflargelyuninterruptedgrowthinUSexportstoChina.

RecentUStariffincreaseshavepromptedChineseretaliatorytariffs,includinga125%baselinedutyonallUSgoodsandadditionalproduct-specifictariffsrangingfrom10%to15%.BusinessesandcommunitiesintheMidwestandSoutharethemostexposedtotheseproduct-

specificretaliatorytariffsonUSgoods.

GoodsexportstoChinacontractedby2.8%in2024despiteglobalexportsexpandingslightly.

StuntedeconomicgrowthandconsumerdemandinChina,shiftingimportpatternsinChina,andtradebarriers,suchastariffs,continuetoweighonbilateraltrade.

Exporttrendsvarydrasticallyacrossproductcategories.

Whilesemiconductorandaerospaceexportssawsizableexpansionsin2024,thesewerenotenoughtomakeupforcontractionsinexportsof

oilseedsandgrainsandoilandgas.

Whenitcomestoservices,exportstoChinaincreasedby12.6%in2023,continuingtheirrecoveryfromCOVID-19losses.

SpendingbyChinesetravelersintheUnitedStatesincreasedby272.3%,thoughthisisstilllessthanhalfofthepre-pandemiclevel.ThenumberofjobssupportedbytravelexportstoChinasimilarlyroseto58,020,anincreaseover2022butwellbelowthenearly130,000jobssupportedbyChinesetravelersbeforethepandemic.

EducationspendingbyChinesestudentsandtheirfamiliesmadestridestowardrecovery,almostreachingpre-pandemiclevels.However,thenumberofChinesestudentsstudyingintheUnitedStatescontinuestodecline.

$140.7billion

USgoodsexportstoChina,2024

531,232

JobssupportedbyUSgoodsexportstoChina,2024

$46.3billion

USservicesexportstoChina,2023

331,235

JobssupportedbyUSservicesexportstoChina,2023

USGoodsExportstoChina

2024

US-CHINABUSINESSCOUNCIL

PAGE

10

ChinaremainsamongthebiggestandmostimportantmarketsforUSgoodsexports,behindonlyMexicoandCanada.TotalgoodsexportstoChinacontractedslightlyin2024,thesecond

yearinarow,afterhittingahighin2022.Despitethedecline,theseexportssupportanestimated531,232jobsacrosstheUnitedStates.

ExportstoChinadidnotexperiencethemostorleastdramaticyear-over-yearchangeamongtheUnitedStates’toptradepartners.Exportsto

Canadadeclinedbymorethan$17.8billion,whileexportstoMexicoincreasedby$11.2billion.

USgoodsexportstoChina

$149.5B

$151.5B

$144.8B

$140.7B

$128.0B

$114.0B

$113.8B

$118.4B

$123.1B

$104.7B

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

TopUSgoodsexportmarkets,2024

Market

Exports

Growth(y/y)

Growth(10year)

1.Mexico

$322.7billion

3.6%

41.3%

2.Canada

$322.2billion

?5.3%

18.1%

3.China

$140.7billion

?2.8%

23.4%

4.Netherlands

$85.9billion

10.1%

119.7%

5.Japan

$77.1billion

5.5%

26.7%

6.UnitedKingdom

$73.4billion

8.7%

45.8%

7.Germany

$71.3billion

?1.7%

49.7%

8.SouthKorea

$64billion

0.7%

50.2%

9.Brazil

$48.3billion

11.4%

56.1%

10.Singapore

$43.7billion

8.3%

59.8%

ChangeingoodsexportstoChina,2023–2024

WA

MT

ND

ME

OR MN

ID

VT

NH

SD

WI

MA

NY

WY

MI

RI

NE

IA

PA

NV

OH

UT IL IN

CA

CO

WV

CTNJDE

MD

KS

MO

VA

KY

TN

NC

AZ

OK

NM

AR

SC

MS

AL

GA

TX

LA

AK

FL

HI

$2B

$0B

-$2B

TopgoodsexporterstoChinabystate,2024

State

Exports

Growth(y/y)

Growth(10year)

1.Texas

$21.5billion

?16.2%

108.3%

2.California

$14.8billion

?9.5%

7.2%

3.Washington

$6.6billion

64.6%

?57.8%

4.Indiana

$6.1billion

?0.7%

178%

5.NorthCarolina

$6.1billion

2.2%

160%

6.Oregon

$5.7billion

41.6%

20.9%

7.Illinois

$5.6billion

?12.5%

?1.5%

8.Kentucky

$4.7billion

42.2%

108.9%

9.Alabama

$4.2billion

12.2%

41.4%

10.Louisiana

$4.1billion

?35.3%

107.8%

USgoodsexportstoChinabycategory,2024

Allothers,$31.2B

Allothers,$31.2B Oilseeds&grains,$15.0B

Pharmaceuticals&medicines,

$10.9B

Semiconductors&components,

$10.5B

Navigational&

.

nstruments,$6.1B

Oil&gas,$12.3B

Meatproducts,$3.9B

Medicalequip.&supplies,$3.5B

Basicchemicals,

$5.9B

Motorvehicles,

$4.8B

Scrapproducts,

$3.0B

Misc.crops,

Misc.crops,

$2.3B

$2.3B

Comm.&

Comm.&

serv.

industry

machinery,

rv.industry

$2.2B

machinery,

$2.2B

Aerospaceproducts&parts,

$11.5B

Resins&syntheticfibers,$5.3B

ndustrialmachinery,$4.5B

Misc.generalurposemachinery,

Misc.general

purpose

machinery,

$2.5B

$2.5B

Computerequip.,

Computer

equip.,

$1.8B

$1.8B

Elect.equip.&compon-ents,

Elect.

compon

ents,

$1.8B

Elect.ui.

ompo-ents,

$1.8B

$1.8B

Misc.fabricatedmetalproducts,

Misc.

fabricated

metal

products,

$1.7B

$1.7B

OilseedsandgrainsexportstoChinacontinuetosupportMidwesteconomiesdespitecontraction

OilseedsandgrainsexportstoChina

OilseedsandgrainsremaintheUnitedStates’largestexporttoChinadespitefallingby18%in2024to$15billion.Chinaaccountsfor31%oftheUnitedStates’totaloilseedsandgrainsexportstotheworld.

Agriculture,inparticularoilseedsandgrains,isoneareainwhichtheUStradedeficitwithChinacouldbeclosedoroffset.Thatsaid,Chinahasmadestridesindiversifyingitsimportsources

forthesecropsinrecentyearsbyoptingforBraziliansoyinsteadofAmerican-grownbeans,whichhas

contributed

toAmericanproducers’lowermarketshareinChina.Chinaexperiencedrecordcornandwheatharvestsin2024–2025andhasplacedamajoremphasisondomesticfoodsecurityinrecentyears,whichincludesincreasingitsself-sufficiencyinsoybeansandotheroilseedsandgrains.

$21.8B

$17.1B

$18.3B

$15.0B

$8.3B

$3.8B

$25.4B

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

ChangeinoilseedsandgrainsexportstoChina,2023–2024

WA

$4.1M

MT

$20.2M

ND

-$78.3M

ME

OR

$1.2M

ID

$7.5M

MN

-$289.9M

VTNH

WY

-$0.9M

SD

-$147.3M

WI

-$77.6M

MI

-$72.7M

NY

-$14.8M

MA

CT

RI

IA

-$480M

PA

-$14.1M

NV

NE

-$306.8M

UT

$0.5M

IL

IN

OH

-$161.2M

CA

$3.6M

CO

-$16.5M

-$613.5M-$235.4M

KS

-$142.5M

WV

-$0.5M

MO

-$170.4M

KY

-$62.2M

TN

-$39.1M

NJ

-$41.6M

DE

-$7.9M

VA MD

-$78.6M -$51.1M

NC

-$66.0M

AZ

-$0.4M

NM

-$0.5M

OK

$45.6K

AR

-$81.4M

SC

-$20.7M

-$59.9M-$9.2M

MS

AL GA

-$16.4M

TX

-$11.5M

LA

-$27.7M

AK

FL

-$10.6M

HI

-$500M $0 $500M

*StateswithoutchangevaluesdonotexportoilseedsandgrainstoChina.

Theimpactsofrecentcontractionswerefeltacrossstates,with34ofthe41statesthatexportthesecropstoChinaseeingacontraction.

Illinois,Iowa,andMinnesota,thetopexporters,eachexperiencedaroughly20%declineyearoveryear.

Theseheartlandexportsandthenearly98,000AmericanjobstheysupportareparticularlyvulnerabletoChineseretaliatoryactions.

Soy,wheat,corn,andsorghumareamongtheproductsthatChinahasputproduct-specificimporttariffsoninretaliationfornewfentanyl-relatedtariffsfromtheUnitedStates.TheseandotheractionstolimitorrestrictimportsoftheseproductswillfurtherstraintheUSagriculturesector.

Oilandgasexportscoolafterarecord-breakingyear

USexportsofoilandgastoChinaplummetedby$5.4billion,about30%from2023,whichwasarecordyearforChina’scrudeoilimportsfromtheworld.In2024,China’sdemandgrowthforoilslowed,andthecountry

expanded

itsimportsfromMalaysiaandIraq.

WhileAlaskaandPennsylvaniaeachexportedmorethan$130millionmoreintheseproductstoChinathantheyearprior,TexasandLouisianasawtheirexportsdropbyastaggering$3.3billion(–28.2%)and$2.2billion(–41.6%),respectively.Thatsaid,oilandgasexportstoChinastillsupportmorethan22,000jobs.

InFebruary,ChinaincreaseditstariffsonUScrudeoilandliquefiednaturalgasby10%and15%,respectively,inretaliationforfentanyl-relatedtariffsfromtheUnitedStates.Thesetariffsremaininplaceandareappliedinadditiontotheacross-the-boardtariffof125%onUSgoodsannouncedinApril.

OilandgasexportstoChina

$12.5B

$12.3B

$11.1B

$9.3B

$7.1B

$3.1B

$17.7B

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Semiconductorexportskeepwithglobaltrendsfortheindustry

SemiconductorandcomponentexportstoChinaaccountfor15%ofUSsemiconductorexportstotheworldandsupportmorethan36,000Americanjobs.Lastyear,exportstoChinabouncedbackfromarecentlowin2023,mirroringglobaltrendsinthesector.

ExportsfromOregon($4.5billion),NewMexico($1.7billion),Texas($1.6billion),andCalifornia($1.2billion)compriseabout85%ofthe$10.5billioninsemiconductorexportstoChina.

CompaniesinOregonandNewMexicoaccountedforthevastmajorityoftheyear-over-yearincrease,withOregonexporting$2.2billionmoreintheseproductsthantheyearbeforeandNewMexico’sexportsincreasingby$1.7billion,a942-foldincreaseovertheyearprior.

WhetherandhowtorestrictvarioustypesofAmericansemiconductortechnologyexportstoChinahasbeenacentralfocusoftheUSgovernmentsinceOctober2022.The

DepartmentofCommercehassincecontinuedtotightenrestrictionsonadvancedchipsandtheequipmentusedtomanufacturethem.

TheChinesedataavailablesuggestthatthesecontrolsdidnothaveamacroeffectonoverallsemiconductorandcomponentexportstoChinain2024,thoughthenegativeimpactisacute

forcompaniesdesigningandmanufacturingadvancedchips.Thedatausedinthisreportisnotgranularenoughtodifferentiatebetweenadvancedandlegacychips.

SemiconductorsandcomponentsexportstoChina

$12.0B

$11.0B

$9.7B

$10.5B

$8.1B

$6.5B

$14.2B

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Aerospaceproductsandpartsmakeacomeback

“

Exportsofaerospaceproductsandpartscurrentlysupportmorethan40,000jobsacrosstheUnitedStates.

Theseexportshitafive-yearhighin2024afterasharpcontractionbeginningin2019.WhileChinaisexpectedtocontinueexpandingitspassengerandcargofleets,recentChineserestrictions

onaerospaceimportsfromtheUnitedStates,inretaliationforUStariffs,threatentosetbacktradeinthesector.Exportsofaerospace

productsandpartscurrentlysupportmorethan40,000jobsacrosstheUnitedStates.

Theboomin2024waslargelyconcentratedinWashingtonandKentucky,whichboosted

theirexportsofthesegoodsby$2.7billionand

$1.2billion,respectively.OhioandConnecticuteachexportedmorethan$386millionmoretoChinathantheyearbefore,andanother12statesboostedtheirexportsbymorethan$10million.

AerospaceproductsandpartsexportstoChina

$11.5B

$10.4B

$6.8B

$5.5B

$4.4B

$4.7B

$18.2B

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Pharmaceuticals,medicine,andmedicalequipmentexportstoChinacoolslightly

TheUnitedStatesexported$14.3billioninpharmaceuticals,medicine,andmedicalequipmentandsuppliestoChinain2024,aslightdecreasefromtheyearprior.Together,thesegoodsaccountforabout10%ofallUSgoodsexportstoChina.

Inpharmaceuticalsandmedicine,NorthCarolinaandIndianaleadthepack,witheachexportingmorethan$3billiontoChinalastyear,amodestincreaseforbothstates.PuertoRicoandIllinois,ontheotherhand,sawtheseexportscontractby

$302.2millionand$267.5million,respectively.Thesplitbetweenregionswhoseexportsexpandedorcontractedwasroughly50-50.

Thismixedrecordmayreflectacombinationof

short-andlong-termtrendsinChina’smarket.Overthelastseveralyears,Chinahasspedupregulatoryprocessesfornewdrugapprovals,allowingUScompaniestobringnewdrugstothecountry’smarketmorequickly.WhilesomeUScompaniesareabletoexportalargeamountofhigh-value,high-demanddrugsthathavenodomesticequivalentsinChina,China’snationalpharmaceuticalprocurementprogramposesbarrierstootherUScompaniesinthesector.

Medicalequipmentexportscontractedbyjusthalfapercentagepoint.Since2018,theseUSexportshavegrownfrom$2.7billionto$3.5billion,a31%increase.Aswithpharmaceuticals,therecordforindividualstateshasbeenmixed.

Exportsofpharmaceuticals,medicine,andmedicalequipmenttoChina

$4.0B

$2.7B

$5.5B

$3.1B

$5.9B

$2.8B

$7.9B

$3.4B

$10.8B

$3.5B

$11.2B

$3.5B

$10.9B

$3.5B

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Pharmaceuticals&medicines Medicalequipment&supplies

BenefitsofpoultrytradewithChinalimitedtoahandfulofstates

“

Inpartduetohigherchickenprices,theUnitedStatesexportednearly

$50millioninpoultryproductstoChinain2024,morethandoublewhatitexportedtheyearprior.

DuetoAmericanconsumers’generalpreferenceforwhitemeatandChineseconsumers’preferencefordarkmeatandchickenpaws,poultryisanareawhereUSandChineseconsumerpatternslendthemselvestomutuallybeneficialtrade.Despitethesecomplementaryforces,theUS-Chinapoultrytradehaslongbeenasourceoftension.Duringatariffspatwith

theUnitedStatesin2009,Chinaimposed130%dutiesonUSpoultry.Chinalifteditsblanketbanin2019intherun-uptotheUS-China“phase

one”agreement,aroundthesametimethattheUnitedStatesgrantedmarketaccessforfullycookedchickenfromChina.

Inpartduetohigherchickenprices,theUnitedStatesexportednearly$50millioninpoultryproductstoChinain2024,morethandoublewhatitexportedtheyearprior.Thoseexportscamefromjustsixstates—Oklahoma,Iowa,Tennessee,Texas,Alabama,andWashington.

PoultryandeggexportstoChina

$22.71M

$14.42M

$17.85M

$7.33M

$0.04M

$0.02M

$49.97M

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

PoultryexportstoChinabystate,2024

WA

$21.7K

MT

ND

ME

OR

ID

MN

VT

NH

SD

WI

NY

MA

WY

MI

RI

IA

$4.6M

PA

NV

NE

OH

UT

IL IN

CA

CO

WV

CT

NJ

DEMD

KS

MO

VA

KY

NC

AZ

NM

OK

$31M

TN

$8M

AR

SC

MS

AL

$4.9M

GA

TX

$1.4M

LA

AK

FL

HI

$0 $40M

AccordingtotheUSForeignAgriculturalService(FAS),marketaccessforUSpoultryis

constrained

byunfulfilledcommitmentsfromthephaseoneagreement.Chinahaswithheldapprovalsfornewheat-treatedpoultryfacilitiesandmaintainedindefiniteavianflu–relatedrestrictionsonpoultryimportsfromnumerousstatesagainstthepreviouslysignedprotocol,accordingtoFAS.USpoultryexportsarefurthersqueezedbyChineseretaliatorytariffsthatwere

enactedinresponsetorecentUStariffsaswellaspre-existingSection301duties.FlatconsumptionandincreaseddomesticproductioninChinaarealsoimpactingtheseexports.

USpoultryexportsarenowfurtherimpactedbya15%retaliatorytariffonpoultryaswellasbansonimportsfromcertainsuppliers,movesChinatookinresponsetoUStariffincreasesin2025.

TARIFFSNAPSHOT

ExposuretoChineseproduct-specificretaliatorytariffsbystate

AsofApril2025,allUSexportsaresubjecttotariffsimposedbyChinainresponsetoUStariffincreases.Theseretaliatorytariffshaveincludeda125%dutyonallUSgoods,matchingtheUnitedStates’reciprocaltariffonallChineseimports,whichhasclimbedto125%.OtherUStariffsonChinaenactedpriortothereciprocaltariffpushhavebroughtthatbaselinetariffevenhigherinpractice,to145%.

Product-specificretaliatorytariffs,leviedbyChinainFebruaryandMarchinresponseto

UStariffs,remainineffectandimpact$35.1billionworthofexportsofAmericancoal,liquefiednaturalgas,crudeoil,agriculturalproductsandmachinery,soy,chicken,andwheat,amongotherproducts.

Theseproduct-specificdutieswillhavewide-rangingbutunevenimpactsonstates.StatesintheSouthandMidwestarethemostexposed.

StatesmostimpactedbyChineseretaliatorytariffs

State

Exportssubjecttoretaliationbeyond125%tariff

ShareofChinaexportssubjecttoretaliationbeyond125%tariff

1.Texas

$5billion

23.1%

2.Louisiana

$3.3billion

80.3%

3.Alabama

$3.1billion

74.1%

4.Illinois

$2.5billion

45%

5.California

$2.4billion

16.1%

6.Iowa

$2billion

77.3%

7.Minnesota

$1.3billion

39.6%

8.Nebraska

$1.2billion

82.1%

9.SouthCarolina

$1.1billion

30.7%

10.Indiana

$1billion

17.1%

USServicesExportstoChina

2023

US-CHINABUSINESSCOUNCIL

PAGE

20

Comprehensivedataonservicesexportslagayearbehindthoseofgoods,making2023thelatestyearavailable.TheUnitedStatesexported

$46.3billioninservicestoChinain2023,supporting331,235jobs.Whilethismarkeda12.6%increasefromtheyearprior,services

exportsdidnotreachtheirpre-pandemichigh.TravelexportstoChinamorethandoubledoverthepreviousyearbutremainedlessthanhalfofthe2019level.Educationexports,ontheotherhand,reachedanearcompleterecoveryfrompandemic-relatedlosses.

USservicesexportstoChina

$51.8B

$53.6B

$55.5B

$55.6B

$41.3B

$45.5B

$46.3B

$37.0B

$39.5B

$41.1B

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

ChangeinservicesexportstoChina,2022–2023

WA

MT

ND

ME

OR

MN

ID

VT

NH

MA

SD

WI

NY

WY

MI

RI

NE

IA

PA

NV

OH

UT IL IN

CA

CO

WV

CTNJ

DEMD

KS

MO

VA

KY

TN

NC

AZ

OK

$700M

NM

AR

SC

MS

AL

GA

TX

LA

0

AK

FL

HI

–$700M

Education,$14.4B

Travel(total),$5.9B

Royaltiesfromindustrialprocesses,

$3.9B

Credit

related

services,$1.8B

Softwaredistribution

royalties,$1.7B

Airfreight&port

services,$1.5B

Misc.business,prof.

&tech.services,

$1.5B

Businessmgmt.&

consulting,$1.4B

Oceanfreight&

portservices,$1.4B

Misc.financial

services,$1.4B

Trademark

royalties,$1.3B

Computersoftware

services,$1.3B

Allothers,$3.8B

Misc.personal&

recreational,$1.1B

Equip.installation

&maintenance,

$.9B

Audio/visual

services,$.8B

Passenger

fares,$.8B

Legal

services,

$.7B

Operationalleasing,

$.7B

USservicesexportstoChinabycategory,2023

Education,$14.4B

Travel(total),$5.9B

Royaltiesfromindustrialprocesses,

$3.9B

Credit-elatedservices,$1.8B

Misc.business,prof.&tech.services,

$1.5B

Businessmgmt.&consulting,$1.4B

Oceanfreight&portservices,$1.4B

isc.financialservices,$1.4B

Computersoftwareservices,$1.3B

Misc.personal&recreational,$1.1B

Softwaredistributionroyalties,$1.7B

Allothers,$3.8B

Equip.installation&maintenance,

$.9B

Passengerfares,$.8B

Legalservices,

$.7B

Trademarkroyalties,$1.3B

Airfreight&portservices,$1.5B

Audio/visualservices,$.8B

Operationalleasing,

$.7B

In2023,ChinaremainedtheUnitedStates’sixth-largestexportmarketforservices.GrowthinservicesexportstoChinawascomparabletoothertopservicesexportdestinations.Exports

totradepartnerslikeCanada,Mexico,andJapanalsoexperiencedbetween12%and15%growth

from2022to2023.NotableexceptionsincludeservicesexportstoSwitzerland,whichdeclined14%,andIndia,whichincreased28.4%.However,whenitcomestothe10-yeargrowthrate,mosttopservicesexportmarketsoutperformedChina.

TopUSservicesexportmarkets,2023

Market

Exports

Growth(y/y)

Growth(10year)

1.UnitedKingdom

$90.5billion

10.6%

36.9%

2.Canada

$85.5billion

12.2%

30.2%

3.Ireland

$84.3billion

–0.8%

105.9%

4.Switzerland

$49.6billion

–14%

63.7%

5.UnitedKingdomIslands,Caribbean

$49.2billion

–6.9%

12.0%

6.China

$46.3billion

12.6%

12.1%

7.Mexico

$43.5billion

14.7%

49.5%

8.Japan

$42.6billion

14.4%

–6.6%

9.Germany

$41.6billion

5.3%

42.9%

10.Singapore

$37.2billion

8.1%

212.2%

“

In2023,ChinaremainedtheUnitedStates’sixth-largestexportmarket

forservices.

TopservicesexporterstoChinabystate,2023

State

Exports

Growth(y/y)

Growth(10year)

1.California

$8.8billion

6.3%

16.2%

2.NewYork

$5.2billion

14.7%

16.1%

3.Texas

$3.1billion

9.5%

–1.3%

4.Illinois

$2.7billion

14%

23.8%

5.Massachusetts

$2.3billion

7.9%

32.5%

6.Florida

$2.2billion

31.4%

0.5%

7.Pennsylvania

$1.5billion

13.7%

17.7%

8.Washington

$1.4billion

–5.5%

17.6%

9.Ohio

$1.3billion

12.5%

33.5%

10.Georgia

$1.3billion

12%

9.9%

Travelstillrecoveringfrompandemiclosses

UStravelexportstoChina(i.e.,themoneyspentbyChinesecitizensintheUnitedStates)pickedupin2023,butthisspendingbyChinesevisitorshasyettofullyrebound.Inlate2022,theChinesegovernmentlifteditszero-COVID

policy,relaxingrestrictionsontravelintoandoutofthecountry.ThispolicychangecanbeseeninthemorethandoubleincreaseintravelexportstoChinafrom2022to2023.

PopulartouristdestinationslikeCalifornia,Florida,andNewYork,whichbenefitthemost

fromtravelexportstoChina,allsawlargeincreasesthatyeardrivenbypersonaltravelandtourism.

Comparedto2019,personal,business,andhealthtravelexportstoChinain2023were53%,60%,and41%lower,respectively.Similarly,whiletravelexportstoChinasupported58,020jobs,

anincreaseover2022,thisremainedfarbelowthenearly130,000jobssupportedbyChinesetravelersbeforethepandemic.

TravelservicesexportstoChina

$350M

$40M

$923M

$217M

$68M

$22M

$353M

$63M

$1.2B

$4.4B

$1.5B

$9.4B

$10.2B

$10.5B

$3.6B

$3.9B

$4.2B

$130M $164M

$188M

$110M

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

Personaltravel&tourism Businesstravel Health-relatedtravel

EducationremainsthetopservicesexporttoChina

USeducationexportstoChina(i.e.,themoneythatChinesestudentsstudyingintheUnitedStatesspendontuition,housing,books,andrelatedfees)accountedfor29%oftotalUSeducationexportstotheworldin2023.Theseexportsremainedthelargestservicescategoryin2023,increasingby14%to$14.4billion,avaluethatcomesclosetopre-COVIDlevels,and

supporting143,133Americanjobs.CaliforniaandNewYorksawthehighestbenefitsfromhostingChinesestudents,witheachseeingmorethan$2billionineducationexportstoChina.

Massachusettsbenefitedfrom$1.3billioninspendingfromChinesestudents,whileTexas,Illinois,andPennsylvaniasawmorethan$700million.

ChangeineducationexportstoChina,2022–2023

WA

MT

ND

ME

OR

ID

MN

VTNH

SD

WI

NY

MA

WY

MI

RI

IA

PA

NV

NE

OH

UT

IL IN

CA

CO

WV

CTNJ

DE

MD

KS

MO

VA

KY

TN

NC

AZ

OK

NM

AR

SC

MS

AL

GA

TX

LA

AK

FL

HI

–$10M $0 $700M

DespitetheincreaseineducationexportstoChinain2023,thenumberofChinesestudentsstudyingintheUnitedStatesdeclinedby4%thatyear.Mirroringthisdecline,forthefirsttimesince2008,Chinawasnottheleadingsourceofinternationalstudentsstudyingin

theUnitedStates,

rankingsecond

toIndiaasthetop-sendingcountryforthe2023–2024academicyear.WhiletheUnitedStatesremainsthetopstudydestinationforChinesestudents,thenumberofthemenrolledatUSuniversitieshascontinuedtodeclinesincethepandemic,withenrollment25.5%lowerinthe2023–2024academicyearcomparedwiththe2019–2020academicyear.TheincreaseineducationexportstoChinaamidadecreaseinthenumberofChinesestudentscouldbeacombinationof

risingeducationcostsand/ormorespendingbyindividualstudents.

ThedownwardtrendinthenumberofChinesestudentsintheUnitedStateslikely

stemsfrom

factorslikeimmigrationdifficulties,safetyconcerns,andgrowinggeopoliticaltensionsbetweentheUnitedStatesandChina.

“

ThenumberofChinesestudentsstudyingintheUnitedStatesdeclinedby4%in2023.

EducationservicesexportstoChina

$14.8B

$13.8B

$14.4B

$14.4B

$12.7B

$10.5B

$11.2B

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

JOBSIMPACTSNAPSHOT

IndustrieswhoseexportstoChinacontributethemosttoemployment

ChinaranksthirdamongallcountriesinAmericanjobssupportedbyUSexports,behindonlyCanadaandMexico.ThenumberofAmericanjobssupportedbyUSexportstoChinaremainshigherthanthenexttwolargestAsianmarkets—JapanandSouthKorea—combined.

EducationexportssupportthemostAmericanjobsofanyindividualUSexporttoChinabyawidemargin.However,combinedagricultureexportsarenotfarbehind,supportingatotalof118,670jobsacrossthecountry.Whenaddinglivestock,poultry,andmeatanddairyproducts,thatnumberclimbsto143,464jobs.

TopexportcategoriessupportingUSjobs

Sector

Jobs

1.Education*

143,133

2.Oilseeds&grains

97,504

3.Travel*

58,020

4.Aerospaceproducts&parts

40,397

5.Semiconductors&components

36,038

6.Pharmaceuticals&medicine

24,156

7.Oil&gas

22,2