Unit8 LESSON 3-READING CLUB 2 詞匯精講課堂

詞匯課堂Awordisamicrocosmofhumanconsciousness.—Vygotsky版本：新北師單元：選擇性必修三

Unit8

(LESSON3—READINGCLUB2)本單元詞匯梳理1.league詞塊：afootballleague,theCommunistYouthLeagueofChina2.violent來自violence；派生詞：violently3.recollectionrecollect(v

憶起)+-ion(名詞后綴)recollect：re-(再次)+collect(收集)→再次(在大腦中)收集→憶起4.desperationdesperate(adj

絕望的)+-ion(名詞后綴)；詞塊：indesperation5.sink過去式、過去分詞：sank,sunk；一詞多義：基本義“下沉”詞塊：looselipssinkships,sinkinto6.ease基本義：舒適；名詞動詞化：減輕；緩解；使順利詞塊：atease,withease,putsbat(one’s)ease,easethepain/stress/mind；詞族：ease,easy,easily,uneasy7.grab基本義：抓?。皇煸~生義：匆忙地吃/喝詞塊：grabtheattentionof,grabthechance/opportunity8.nevertheless來自nevertheless,正式用語9.preservationpreserve(v保護(hù))+-ation(名詞后綴)preserve：pre-(before先、前)+serve(tokeepsafe保護(hù))→提前保護(hù)→保護(hù)10.strike擬聲詞；一詞多義：基本義“擊打”詞塊：strikeamatch,itstrikessbthat…,bestruckby,goonstrike詞族：strike,stricken,striker,striking11.chest詞源義是“（大）箱子”，因胸腔的肋骨就像裝著心臟的箱子而衍生出“胸部“的意思12.unconsciousun-(not無)+conscious(adj有知覺的)13.beingbe+-ing；熟詞生義：身心(正式用語)詞塊：comeintobeing/bebroughtintobeing,ahumanbeing14.bounce擬聲詞；基本義：(使)彈起；詞塊：bounceoff15.steel詞塊：ironandsteel；派生詞：steely16.evidentlyevident(adj明顯的)+-ly(副詞后綴)詞族：evidence,evident,evidently17.solid詞塊：solidevidence18.polishedpolish(v

擦亮)+-ed(形容詞后綴)19.constructionconstruct：con-(together一起)+struct(tobuild建造)+-ion(名詞后綴)→一起建造→建造；建筑詞塊：underconstruction同根詞：destruction,structure20.daybreak合成詞：day(n天)+break(n拂曉)21.utter形容詞動詞化：出聲；作動詞時是正式用語，對應(yīng)say22.continuationcontinue(v

延續(xù))+-ation(名詞后綴)詞族：continue,continuous,continuation23.aboard=onboard；詞源：a-(on在……上)+board(木板)。古代小船基本上就是由幾塊木板構(gòu)成，所以board也可表示“木船”，aboard就是“在船上”。后來，隨著交通工具的發(fā)展，aboard的詞義也隨之?dāng)U展，可以表示“在火車上”“在飛機(jī)上”等。詞塊：WelcomeaboardFlight…Allaboard!24.seaman合成詞：sea(n

大海)+man(n人)→海員25.comfortcom-(表示強(qiáng)調(diào))+fort(strong強(qiáng)大的)→使(心理)

強(qiáng)大、有力、鼓勵→使舒服；安慰抽象名詞具體化：意為“令人感到安慰的人或物”時是可數(shù)名詞；名詞動詞化：安慰詞塊：comfortzone詞族：comfort,comfortable,comfortably,discomfort,uncomfortable,uncomfortably26.emotionalemotion(n

情緒)+-al(形容詞后綴)27.scholarschol(school學(xué)校)+-ar(人)→學(xué)校的(人)→學(xué)者派生詞：scholarship28.poison名詞動詞化：使中毒；毒死；詞塊：bepoisontosb/sth詞族：poison,poisoned,poisoning,poisonous29.forgive過去式、過去分詞：forgave,forgiven詞塊：forgivesbforsth/forgivesbsth30.fence名詞動詞化：把……用柵/籬圍??；派生詞：fencing31.handkerchief詞源：13世紀(jì)初，征服了英格蘭的法國諾曼貴族們喜歡在頭上戴一條方巾，將其稱為courchief，由cour(cover蓋)和chief(head)構(gòu)成，后來演變?yōu)橛⒄Z單詞kerchief。16世紀(jì)后，這種方巾被人們拿在手上，用來擦嘴或擤鼻涕，因此在kerchief前面加上hand，變成了handkerchief。32.noble詞塊：anoblemind/soul,anoblebuilding；派生詞：nobly重難點(diǎn)詞精講grab一詞多義sink一詞多義熟詞生義strike一詞多義easecomfort一詞多義一詞多義搭配義forgivesolid一詞多義搭配義名詞動詞化sinksink

Looselipssinkships.禍從口出

這是二戰(zhàn)時流行的一句著名口號。當(dāng)時到處掛著的宣傳畫上都可以看到這樣的警句。

這句話告誡人們，戰(zhàn)爭年代到處都可能有敵人的間諜和奸細(xì)，如果我們口疏泄密，隨時都可能引起重大的破壞和事故。sink(sank,sunk)v

vi&vt（使）下沉；（使）沉沒反float：Theshipsanktothebottomoftheriver.Thewheelsstartedtosinkintothemud.Myfather’sshipwassunkinWorldWarII.2011湖南改

vi（高度）下降；倒下；坐下：Thesunwasstartingtosink.2010浙江Sheletoutasighandsankintoachair.

vi

消沉；陷入；降低；減弱：Herheartsankasthelistendedwithouthername.Thepopulationofthevillagesanktojustafewfamilies.besunkin陷入……中：Iwasworried,sunkinthought.n[C]面盆；洗碗池sink語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖sink下沉；下落基本義船下沉（具體物）身體下沉（由物及人）情緒下沉（由具體到抽象）程度上下沉（由具體到抽象）降低；減弱高度下沉（高度）消沉；陷入（高度）下降倒下；坐下（使）下沉；（使）沉沒LifeandDeath

——WalterSavageLandorIstrovewithnonefornonewasworth

mystrife;NatureIloved,and,nexttonature,artIwarmedbothhandsbeforethefireof

life;Itsinks,andIamreadytodepart.讀下面的詩歌并體會sink的含義生與死

——（譯）楊絳我和誰都不爭，和誰爭我都不屑；我愛大自然，其次是藝術(shù)；

我雙手烤著生命之火取暖；火萎了，我也準(zhǔn)備走了。將句子譯成英語。我輕而易舉地回答了這個問題。___________________________Iansweredthequestioneasily.easewitheaseeasen[U]

舒適；悠閑；自在：Theretiredcouplelivedalifeofease.

容易；不費(fèi)力：Hepassedtheexamwithease(=easily).atease放松；舒適；自在：standateaseHismindwasateaseknowingthatthechildrenweresafe.Heissmartandhumorous,andIfeelateasewithhim.putsbat(one’s)ease使某人放松：Hewasnervousatfirstbutherwarmwelcomesoonputhimatease.基本義：舒適v

vi&vt減輕；緩解：easethepain/stress/burdenThesituationhaseased.Itwouldeasemymindtoknowwherehewas.

vi&vt（使）小心緩慢地移動：Sheeasedherinjuredfootintohershoe.

vt使容易；使順利：ease(sb/oneself)into（使某人）熟悉（新工作等）：Afterthebaby,sheeasedherselfbackintowork.同族詞：ease,easy,easily,uneasy名詞動詞化奧黛麗·赫本（AudreyHepburn，1929—1993），英國電影和舞臺劇女演員，曾出演《羅馬假日》(RomanHoliday)《蒂凡尼的早餐》《窈窕淑女》等影片。她一生中共獲得五次奧斯卡最佳女主角提名。晚年時，奧黛麗·赫本投身慈善事業(yè)，是聯(lián)合國兒童基金會親善大使的代表人物，為第三世界婦女與孩童爭取權(quán)益。1992年被授予美國“總統(tǒng)自由勛章”，1993年獲奧斯卡人道主義獎。1999年，她被美國電影學(xué)會評為“百年來最偉大的女演員”第三位。grab機(jī)遇很少憑空出現(xiàn)。因此，當(dāng)它們出現(xiàn)時，你一定要抓住?！獖W黛麗·赫本grabv

vt&vi（試圖）抓住(seize)：Igrabbedmybagandranoff.grabtheopportunity/chance

vt［非正式用語］（因忙碌而）趕緊/抓緊吃/喝/睡togetsomefoodorsleepquicklybecauseyouarebusy：Fromthispointon,you’llhavefreetimetoexplorethecityandgrabsomelunch.2011湖北Whydon’tyougoandgrabsomesleep?

vt吸引；引人注意：TheBeatlesimmediatelygrabbedtheattentionofyoungpeople.

n[C]［常用單數(shù)］抓??；搶奪seize/grasp/take(up)theopportunitygrab語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖（猛然的）抓取

吸引；引人注意（因忙碌而）趕緊/抓緊吃/喝

（試圖）抓住“抓住”某人的注意力“抓住”時機(jī)吃、喝“抓住”某人或某物抓?。ɑ玖x）grab動詞名詞趁熱打鐵。Strikewhiletheironishot.

strikestrike

(struck,struck)v

vt

[正式用語]

打；撞擊：Theshipstruckarock.Theboyfell,strikinghisheadontheedgeofthetable.

vi&vt（時鐘等）敲響；報(bào)（時）；擦/劃（火柴）：Thechurchclockbegantostriketwelve.Hestruckamatchandlitanothercigar.

vi&vt（不幸等）突然降臨；突然襲擊：Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods.Shewaspracticingsurfingwhenasharkstruck.2011廣東改擬聲詞，模擬鼓掌時擊打雙手發(fā)出的聲音；基本義：擊打

vt

[不用于進(jìn)行時]（使）突然想到/意識到tocomesuddenlyintosb’smind：Thesolutionstruckmeimmediately.itstrikessb+that從句：Itstruckmethatwemighthavemadethewrongdecision.

vt

給……以某種印象togivesbaparticularimpression:Wewerestruckbyherkindness.Whatstruckmemostwastheenthusiasmofthelocalpeople.strikesbas(being)…:Hestrikesmeas(being)averyseriousperson.

vi

罷工：Thebusdriverswerestrikingformoremoney.該釋義源于英國工業(yè)革命開始后，機(jī)器的出現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致很多紡織工人失業(yè)，工人們認(rèn)為是機(jī)器搶走了他們的工作機(jī)會，便用工具“擊打”機(jī)器，把機(jī)器推倒，廠房砸爛，使生產(chǎn)無法繼續(xù)，因而衍生出“罷工”的意思。strikeabalance兩者兼顧；達(dá)到平衡：Hefounditdifficulttostrikeabalancebetweenhisfamilyandhiswork.strikeadeal達(dá)成協(xié)議strikefear/terrorintosb’sheart使某人感到害怕/恐懼

n[C]&[U]罷工：Theworkerswillgoonstrikeifthedemandstheyputforwardareturneddown.

strickenadj[正式用語]

受災(zāi)的；患病的；受苦的：earthquake-strickenareas

strikern[C]罷工者；（足球的）前鋒；（棒球的）擊球手

strikingadj驚人的；顯著的；引人注目的

verynoticeable;makingastrongimpression某物“擊打”某物指針“擊打”鐘表災(zāi)難等事件“擊打”人/地區(qū)靈感/想法等“擊打”大腦打；撞擊（時鐘等）敲響；報(bào)（時）（不幸等）突然降臨；突然襲擊（使）突然想到/意識到strike語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖擊打

strike

基本義工人“擊打”機(jī)器罷工感覺“擊打”在人的心中給……以某種印象solid實(shí)心球（solidball）是一種體育器材，實(shí)心材質(zhì)，呈球形。它同時也是一種體育項(xiàng)目，講究力量性和動作速度，部分地區(qū)將“投擲實(shí)心球”的分?jǐn)?shù)計(jì)入中考。solid

adj

實(shí)心的：asolidball/needle

固體的：solidfuel/food

堅(jiān)固的；牢固的：Theoldhousehasasolidfoundation.

可靠的：Thereissolidevidencetoshowhewasn’ttherewhenthecrimetookplace.n[C]固體：Waterexistsasasolid,aliquidandagas.comfort走出你的舒適區(qū)

[U]舒適（感）；安逸（感）：Walkoutofourcomfortzoneandtrynewthings!2015湖南Teenagerscanwriteandmakemusicusingacomputerprogrammeinthecomfortoftheirownbedroom.2014安徽WhenDaddied,heleftmeenoughtoliveincomfortfortherestofmylife.

[U]安慰；慰藉：Wefindcomfortingivingcareandreceivingcareinreturn.2013陜西Forsomepeople,ananimalprovidesmorecomfortthanahusbandorwife.2010全國改構(gòu)詞：com-(表示強(qiáng)調(diào))+fort(strong強(qiáng)大的)→（內(nèi)心）強(qiáng)大→（感到）舒服、舒適的狀態(tài)(v)→舒適(n)comfort

n

身體、生活上的舒適心理上的舒適

[C]令人感到安慰的人或物：Ahotcupofmilkonacoldnightisarealcomfort.vt

安慰；慰藉：Myteachercomfortedme,saying“Don’tworry.Youcandobetternexttime.”2008浙江同族詞:comfort,comfortable,comfortably,discomfort,uncomfortable,uncomfortably抽象名詞具體化名詞動詞化視頻欣賞：Forgiveme.forgive(forgave,forgiven)vt

原諒；寬恕：Oneofmyfavouritesayingsis“Understandallandforgiveall.”

forgivesbsth:Theyforgavehimhisrudeness.

forgivesbfor(doing)sth:Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.2020全國Forgivemeforinterrupting,butIhavesomethingurgenttotellyou.

forgiveandforget不念舊惡；不記仇：Itisavirtuetoforgiveandforget,especiallyinsuchacompetitiveandstressfulsociety.2012江蘇書面表達(dá)改sbcould/mightbeforgivenfordoingsth某人做某事雖然錯卻是可以理解的

forgivenessn[U]原諒；寬恕名詞動詞化說出下列句子中畫線詞的漢語釋義。1.Thegardenisfencedwithacolourfulfence.____________2.Theyplannedtopoisontheenemybyputtingthepoisonintheirfood.____________3.Perrithinksthatherownlifehasmirroredhermother’s:bothhavefull-timejobs;eachhasthreechildren.（2013湖北）

____________4.Snowsoonblanketedthefrozengroundlikeahugewhiteblanket.

____________5.Astreamoftearsstreameddownhisface.____________（用柵欄）圍住毒害反映/與……相似覆蓋流本單元金句匯總1.Herheartsankasthelistendedwithouthername.2.Heissmartandhumorous,andIfeelateasewithhim.3.Thesituationhaseased.4.TheBeatlesimmediatelygrabbedtheattentionofyoungpeople.5.Strikewhiletheironishot.

6.Itstruckmethatwemighthavemadethewrongdecision.7.Walkoutofourcomfortzoneandtrynewthings!2015湖南8.Oneofmyfavouritesayingsis“Understandallandforgiveall.”9.Itisavirtuetoforgiveandforget,especiallyinsuchacompetitiveandstressfulsociety.2012江蘇書面表達(dá)改隨堂檢測一、用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1.Thefishfoodwillgraduallysink_____________thebottomofthetank.2.Shesankback_____________herseat,tired.3.Shejustsatthere,sunk______________thought.二、根據(jù)所給提示，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Thekidswatchedasthecoin___________________________（沉入池底）.2.______________________（她心里一沉）asshereadtheresults.

tointoinsinkHerheartsanksanktothebottomofthepool3.Fredenteredwithoutknockingand,veryoutofbreath,______________________（坐進(jìn)椅子里）.（2008安徽改）4.Soonafterward,wavescrashedovertheboat,andit______________________（開始下沉）.（2013四川）5.Susan’shusbandwatchedher_________________________________________（陷入絕望）andhewasdeterminedtouseeverypossiblemeanstohelphiswife.（2010湖北）

sinkintohopelessness/despair/began/startedtosink

sankintoachairdesperation寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.LisatoldmethatshefeltateasewithBernard. ___________2.Thecomputerispopularforitsgooddesignandeaseofuse. ___________3.Ididmybesttomakehimfeelateasebeforetheinterview. ___________4.Iwillgiveyousomethingtoeasethepain.___________5.Heeasedslowlyforwards. ___________6.Itwouldeasemymindtoknowyouhadarrivedsafely.__________ease感到自在

使用簡單使他感到放松減輕疼痛小心翼翼地移動使我放心一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Shegrabbedthechild’shandandran. ___________2.Thebookisfullofgoodideastograb

thestudents’attention. ___________3.HangonwhileIgrab

acupofcoffee. ___________二、根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。Ithinkyoushould________________________________（抓住機(jī)會）totravelwhileyou’reyoung.抓住

吸引grab趕緊喝grabthechance/opportunity一、根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子。1.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,wasvisitingamuseumwhen____________________（發(fā)生地震）.2.Wewouldspend1,500yuanpurchasingsomepensfortheneedystudentsin_____________________（貧困地區(qū)）.（2011上海書面表達(dá)）3._______________（我突然想到）playingagainsttheotherteamwasagreatlearningmoment.（2015全國）4.趁熱打鐵。______________________________striketheearthquakestruckpoverty-strickenareasItstruckmethatStrikewhiletheironishot.二、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。

1.Italwaysstruckmethat

whenyou’relookingatabigchallengefromtheoutsideitlookshuge,butwhenyou’reinthemidstofit,itjustseemsnormal.（2011天津）_____________________________________2.Istilllovetorecordideasandquotationsthatstrikemeinbooks,orobservationsthatareparticularlymeaningful.（2013湖北）

_____________________________________3.Whensunlightstrikesanobject,someoftheenergyisabsorbedandsomeisreflected.（2008江蘇）_____________________________________我總是想到把書中印象深刻的看法和引文記錄下來陽光照射在物體上solid寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Sol