高考英語(yǔ)不定式專項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法講解.ppt

1、The infinitive 不定式,入群4980299，即刻免費(fèi)下載優(yōu)質(zhì)高中高考英語(yǔ)文檔！,不定式是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種，由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”(to do)構(gòu)成,動(dòng)詞不定式有動(dòng)詞和名詞的特征。不定式可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等成分，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。,不定式,動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞特征：,動(dòng)詞不定式可以有賓語(yǔ)，如： He wants to study English. 動(dòng)名詞可以用狀語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾，如： The rain continued to fall heavily.,入群4980299，即刻免費(fèi)下載優(yōu)質(zhì)高中高考英語(yǔ)文檔！,一般式 完成式 進(jìn)行式,主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),to do to be d

2、one to have done to have been done to be doing *to be being done,解釋,(1)不定式的一般形式所表示的動(dòng)作，通常與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng) 作（狀態(tài)）同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或是在它之 后發(fā)生。,(2)如果謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)不定式就要用進(jìn)行式。,(3)如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，就要用完成式。,They pretended to be studying when the teacher came in.,Im sorry to have kept you waiting.,I want to ha

3、ve a holiday as soon as possible .,*動(dòng)詞不定式在以下情況有時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)變化，可跟進(jìn)行式、完成式、完成被動(dòng)式、完成進(jìn)行式，其它情況一般只跟to do/to be done表將來(lái),A) sb appear, seem, happen, pretend + to do/to be doing/to have done sth sth appear, seem, happen, pretend + to be done /to have been done,入群4980299，即刻免費(fèi)下載優(yōu)質(zhì)高中高考英語(yǔ)文檔！,b) sb be said, known, reporte

4、d, believed, claimed+ to do/to be doing/to have done sb be said, known, reported, believed, claimed+ to be done/to have been done c) sb be + adj. + to do sth,4. 動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：for + 名詞或代詞賓格構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。For 所跟名詞或代詞是邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式是邏輯上的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 For us to learn foreign languages is important. It is important for

5、 us to learn foreign languages. Can you arrange for a car to take us there?,不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài),（2） 不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),He asked to be sent to work in countryside.,Have you got a key to unlock the door?,key unlock the door,你有開門的鑰匙嗎？,（1）不定式所修飾的名詞與不定式在邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。,入群4980299，即刻免費(fèi)下載優(yōu)質(zhì)高中高考英語(yǔ)文檔！,The

6、book is difficult to understand.,He is hard to talk to.,（3） 不定式所修飾的名詞與不定式在邏輯上構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。,I have got a letter to write.,I need a room to live in.,(4)不定式在一些形容詞后，與邏輯主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系常用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意思 sth be adj. to do It is adj. to do sth.,6. 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是在前面加not，如： He decided not to go home. I am sorry not to hav

7、e helped you.,不定式的語(yǔ)法功能,（1） 作主語(yǔ),To talk with him is a great pleasure.,一般情況下，不定式（短語(yǔ)） 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 通常用形式主語(yǔ)“it” 代替,It is a great pleasure to talk with him.,入群4980299，即刻免費(fèi)下載優(yōu)質(zhì)高中高考英語(yǔ)文檔！,注意,*1、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 第三人稱單數(shù)形式。例如,To get there by car takes a whole day. To make a plan for our future is important.,* It is/wa

8、s +adj.+of sb. to do eg: It is brave of him to save the girl in the water. 例如：kind, nice, good, brave, clever, wise, stupid, foolish, honest, careless, cruel, generous etc. *It is +adj.+for sb.(用賓格) +to do eg.1: It is not difficult for us to learn English well. 例如：difficult, wonderful, meaningful, p

9、ainful, useful,不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)： of（品質(zhì)） / for （性質(zhì)） sb. to do,入群4980299，即刻免費(fèi)下載優(yōu)質(zhì)高中高考英語(yǔ)文檔！,不定式作賓語(yǔ)的形容詞常見的有： ready, eager, sure, glad, anxious, sorry, afraid, free, pleased, willing,此外還要注意一些特殊疑問詞+不定式的形式（如：what to do, where to go ），作tell, ask, know, show等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。,不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見的有：want, hope, wish, ask, choose, decide

10、, manage, offer, promise, refuse, seek, pretend, learn, afford, need,I dont know what to do.,（2） 作賓語(yǔ),Would you like to watch TV?,如果不定式（賓語(yǔ)）后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)， 則用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)（不定式）后置，放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面， 例如： Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 能帶形式賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞還有 think,believe,feel,consider,make等。,不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞b

11、ut, except, 后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do 的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶to, 否則要帶to。,1) She could do nothing but cry.,2) I have no choice but to go.,3.某些及物動(dòng)詞：forget, mean remember, regret, try, go on, 等可用-ing也可用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但表達(dá)的意思不同,I forget to bring my homework.,I forget opening the windows.,I mean “I didnt bring my homewo

12、rk.”,I mean “I have opened the windows.”,6. wish, hope, plan, be, mean + to have done / had wished.+to do表示原打算干卻沒能辦到 1. I had meant to go to Shanghai yesterday, but was delayed by the bad weather. 2. -Why didnt you come to my birthday party? -I d like to have, but I had an unexpected guest.,入群498029

13、9，即刻免費(fèi)下載優(yōu)質(zhì)高中高考英語(yǔ)文檔！,在had better, had best, would rather, would ratherthan, would sooner, cannot but, cannot help but等結(jié)構(gòu)后直接跟動(dòng)詞原形或“not+動(dòng)詞原形”。 e.g.: Youd better listen to your teachers opinion. He cannot but move to another street. We cannot help but admire his courage. He always prefers to ride a bicy

14、cle rather than ride on a crowded bus.,（3） 作表語(yǔ)（表將來(lái)時(shí)）,My plan is to finish the experiment on time.,（4） 作賓補(bǔ),I asked him to come to my office.,注意不定式的省略,hear, see, watch, notice等感官動(dòng)詞后的省略,I heard her sing this song.,have, let, make三個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞后的省略,I made him stand outside.,這兩類省略的不定式一旦變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不定式要補(bǔ)充完整.,She was h

15、eard to.,He was made to .,動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)省略to,口訣 不定式省to十一個(gè)， 五“看”二“聽”一“感覺”， 三個(gè)“使役”緊挨著， 如若主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)， 符號(hào)to千萬(wàn)別省略。,入群4980299，即刻免費(fèi)下載優(yōu)質(zhì)高中高考英語(yǔ)文檔！,（5）作定語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)，放在所修飾的名詞 或代詞后。 I have a meeting to attend. 注意：不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，所修飾的名詞如果是地點(diǎn)、工具等，應(yīng)有必要的介詞，如： He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about. D

16、o you have a pen to write with ?,（6） 作狀語(yǔ), 目的狀語(yǔ),We do as much as we can to make our world beautiful.,注意不定式放句首時(shí)，邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)要一致： To save money, every means has been tried. To save money, he has tried every means. To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.

17、, 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),He hurried to the school to find nobody there.,原因狀語(yǔ),We were very excited to hear the news.,作獨(dú)立成分 插入語(yǔ),用來(lái)說明說話人的態(tài)度,對(duì)整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行解釋. To tell you the truth, I dont like the way he talked.,入群4980299，即刻免費(fèi)下載優(yōu)質(zhì)高中高考英語(yǔ)文檔！,動(dòng)詞不定式做狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)注意：,1.In order to和so as to意義上沒區(qū)別，但so as to不能置于句首,2.adj/adv+enough（for sb） to,3.

18、too+adj/adv+to有肯定與否定,The child is too young to dress himself. 否定,She is too anxious (ready/easy/eager/glad) to know the results. 肯定,不定式中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的注意點(diǎn)： 1）某些形容詞在“tooto”結(jié)構(gòu)中表示肯定，這類詞是： anxious, eager, glad, ready, surprised, willing,She was too surprised to see how angry her father was.,2）在not, never, only,

19、all, but等后的tooto結(jié)構(gòu)中，too的含義為very，不定式?jīng)]有否定含義。,Im only too glad to stay at home. Its never too old to learn.,不定式的省略 當(dāng)不定式在某些詞后充當(dāng)成分時(shí)，?？墒÷詣?dòng)詞原形，但要保留不定式的符號(hào)“to”,（1） 形容詞后不定式的省略，如：happy, glad, eager, anxious, ready,-Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all. I am happy to.,（2） 動(dòng)詞后不定式的省略， 如： like, love, c

20、are, wish , hope, want, expect, prefer, mean, try, oblige, advise, persuade,-Will you go to the cinema with us? -Sorry, I dont want to.,（3） 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中的省略， 如： ask, tell, order, persuade, advise, permit, allow,The boy wants to ride his bike in the street, but his mother tells him not to.,（4） 在某些固定用法中的省略，如

21、：ought to, have to, used to, be able to，be going to,-Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? -I was going to, but I had an unexpected visitor.,5.及物動(dòng)詞want, need, require等，當(dāng)其主語(yǔ)是“物”時(shí)，表示“需要”，常用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語(yǔ)。 (=want,need,require+doing),Your bedroom needs to be cleaned. =Your bedroom needs cleaning.,入群4980299

22、，即刻免費(fèi)下載優(yōu)質(zhì)高中高考英語(yǔ)文檔！,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. Expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 3. Having a trip abroad is

23、 certainly good for the old couples but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen,Exercises:,4. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 5. Allen had to call a taxi because t

24、he box was _ to carry all the way home. A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much,6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 7. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 8.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy. A. to