閱讀理解之細節(jié)理解

1、閱讀理解之細節(jié)理解,by LiuFei Class9，Senior 3,考綱解讀,命題趨勢,命題規(guī)律,英語 閱讀理解 細節(jié)理解題,1.閱讀理解旨在考查考生理解不同題材和體裁的書面材料以及從中獲取信息的能力。 2.要求考生能讀懂有關(guān)日常生活的簡短文字材料,例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報紙、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題簡短文段。 3.考生應(yīng)能:理解主旨要義;理解文中具體信息;根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義;做出判斷和推理;理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu);理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度。,設(shè)問方式,考綱解讀,命題趨勢,命題規(guī)律,英語 閱讀理解 細節(jié)理解題,其中，細節(jié)理解題是高考英語閱讀理解考查的重點題型之一，其分值所占比例

2、高達50%，所以如何拿下這“半壁江山”顯得尤為重要。細節(jié)理解題主要考查考生對文章細節(jié)的理解，一般對文中已提到的事物、現(xiàn)象或理論進行發(fā)問，通過語句的同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換來考查考生對語篇的理解能力。,設(shè)問方式,考綱解讀,命題趨勢,命題規(guī)律,英語 閱讀理解 細節(jié)理解題,4年26考,設(shè)問方式,考綱解讀,命題趨勢,命題規(guī)律,英語 閱讀理解 細節(jié)理解題,4年5考,設(shè)問方式,考綱解讀,命題趨勢,命題規(guī)律,英語 閱讀理解 細節(jié)理解題,設(shè)問方式,全國卷設(shè)問形式 (1)WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacific ScienceCenter?(2017年課標全國卷) (2)Whywastheauth

3、orcalledtoMuttontown?(2017年課標全國卷) (3)Who can help you if you want to have your music produced？(2016年課標全國卷) (4)What does the author advise nurses to do about silence？(2016年課標全國卷) (5)When is the talk on James Brindley？ (2015年課標全國卷),題型全突破,2016全國I卷閱讀理解A You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may

4、 not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams(18601935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a

5、 sense of community (社區(qū)) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.,Rachel Carson(19071964) If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962

6、 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans. Sandra Day OConnor(1930present) When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law fi

7、rm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(參議員)and, in 1981, the first woman to join the US.Supreme Court.OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.,Rosa Parks(19132005) On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama，Rosa Parks would

8、not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgmery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civilrights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.,1Who made a great contribution t

9、o the civilrights movement in the US? AJane Addams. BRachel Carson. CSandra Day OConnor. DRosa Parks.,1.細節(jié)理解題。首先根據(jù)題干中的“civil-rights”可將答案鎖定在“Rosa Parks”一欄中；根據(jù)本段中的“Her simple act landed Parks in prison.and kicked off the civil-rights movement.”可知，它導致了蒙哥馬利巴士抵制運動，這場運動持續(xù)了一年多，開始了民權(quán)運動，故選D項，是Rosa Parks對美國的民

10、權(quán)運動做出了很大貢獻。,1.直接信息題題干定位法 細節(jié)的直接辨認不要求讀者對客觀的事實作解釋或判斷，只要求他們從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息。,技法點撥,題干定位法,認真閱讀題干，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞明確答題方向。 運用略讀及尋讀技巧迅速找到文中與問題的相關(guān)信息。 仔細比較所給選項，與原文信息對應(yīng)，鎖定正確選項。,名師點津 此類題目適合尋讀法，帶著問題找句子，即先看問題，記住關(guān)鍵詞，如人物、時間、事件、地點等，然后帶著問題閱讀文章，快速定位有效信息，有的放矢。,2What is Jane Addams noted for in history? AHer social work. BHer teaching

11、skills. CHer efforts to win a prize. DHer community background.,Jane Addams(18601935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community (社區(qū)) by creating shelters and promoting education and ser

12、vices for people in need. In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.,無中生有 偷換概念,部分正確,偷換概念,(,),2.細節(jié)理解題。 B項中的“her teaching skills”和文中提到的“promoting education”都與“教育”相關(guān)，但文中未提及her teaching skills(她的教學技能)，只是談到了promoting education(促進教育)，屬于“無中生有”和“偷換概念”；根據(jù)文中對細節(jié)的理解，Jane Addams

13、獲得了諾貝爾和平獎，但她不是因努力去獲獎而出名的，而且她也并非為了獲獎才付出努力，故C項錯誤；D項中的“community”在文中多次出現(xiàn)，但“community background”是對“a sense of community”的“偷換概念”，故D項錯誤。,3What is the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm? AHer lack of proper training in law. BHer little work experience in court. CThe discrimination against

14、women. DThe poor financial conditions.,Sandra Day OConnor(1930present) When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(參議員)and, in 1981, the first woman to join the

15、 US.Supreme Court.OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.,顛倒是非,無中生有,2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Sandra Day OConnor下的第一句When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School.可知，她在斯坦福大學法學院受過教育，并非缺少正規(guī)的法律培訓，顛倒是非，故A錯；文中未提及她在法庭上工作經(jīng)驗少，無中生有，故B錯；根據(jù).she

16、could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.可知，她沒能在法律事務(wù)所找到工作，是因為她是一名女性，這與C項“對于女性的歧視”相符，故選C項；文中未提及她的經(jīng)濟狀況，無中生有，故D錯。,2.間接信息題“斷章取義”法 間接辨認不僅要求讀者能從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息，還要將獲得的信息用同義或近義的語言形式復述出來。,“斷章取義”法,閱讀題干，有針對性地掃讀原文，鎖定相關(guān)詞句等信息。 仔細比較選項和原文信息，選擇正確或最佳的答案。 準確理解每個選項的意思，尋找與原文信息相關(guān)的同義詞、近義詞或反義詞。,技法點撥,2016天津紅橋八校

17、聯(lián)考 The Gunpowder Plot was a conspiracy(陰謀) to kill King James ，as well as the members of the House of Lords and Commons at the reopening of Parliament.It was designed by a group of Catholics in protest against the antiCatholic laws that were being introduced by the king. Robert Catesby was the leade

18、r of the group.It was he and his cousin，Thomas Wintour，and two other friends，Thomas Percy and John Wright，who formed the center of the group.They were joined by nine more men；among them was Guy Fawkes，from the city of York in the north of England.,Fawkes found a store room directly under the House o

19、f Lords and rented it out under the false name of John Johnson.The conspirators stored thirtysix barrels of gunpowder there，and Fawkes，who was an explosives expert，was to light the fuses(引信) on 5th November 1605. The plot failed because one of the conspirators，F(xiàn)rancis Tresham，sent a letter to his re

20、lative，who was a member of the House of Lords.The letter warned him not to attend the opening ceremony of Parliament.The letter was passed on to the authorities，who took action. Guy Fawkes was found in the cellar on the night of 4th November with the thirtysix barrels and a number of fuses.He was im

21、prisoned and illtreated，eventually giving away the names of the conspirators.,Soldiers of the king surrounded Holbeach House，in the Midlands，where they knew the conspirators to be hiding.In the fight that followed，four of them were shot dead，including Catesby and Percy，who were actually killed by th

22、e same bullet.The others were imprisoned and hanged along with Guy Fawkes on 31st January 1606. These days，on 5th November，children all over Britain celebrate Guy Fawkes Night by building huge bonfires and lighting fireworks.Its a family tradition and an occasion to eat potatoes baked by the flames.

23、 There is always a “guy” on top of the fire，a model of Guy Fawkes，dressed in the clothes of the 17th century.,1Francis Tresham wrote the letter to his relative to_. Awarn him of the danger of being killed Breveal the names of the conspirators Cprotect the House of Lords Dreport the plot to the autho

24、rities,語篇解讀本文講述的是英國歷史上著名的火藥陰謀，并詳細介紹這一事件的前因后果。 Francis Tresham，sent a letter to his relative，who was a member of the House of Lords.The letter warned him not to attend the opening ceremony of Parliament. 解析細節(jié)理解題。可知，F(xiàn)rancis Tresham寫信給親戚是警告對方不要去參加開幕式，因為有喪命的危險。故A正確。,偷換概念 張冠李戴,2What can we learn about Ro

25、bert Catesby? AHe wrote a letter to his relative in the authorities. BHe was imprisoned and hanged. CHe was responsible for lighting the fuses. DHe was shot dead in the fight. 解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“In the fight that followed，four of them were shot dead，including Catesby and Percy，who were actually kill

26、ed by the same bullet.”可知，Robert Catesby是在戰(zhàn)斗中被射死的。故D項正確。,偷換概念 張冠李戴,3According to the passage，the total number of people involved in the plot is _. A40 B4 C36 D13 解析數(shù)字計算題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句“It was he and his cousin，Thomas Wintour，and two other friends，Thomas Percy and John Wright，who formed the center of the

27、 group.They were joined by nine more men；among them was Guy Fawkes，from the city of York in the north of England.”可知，Robert Catesby，Thomas Wintour，Thomas Percy，John Wright再加上另外9個人，所以一共是13人。故D正確。,3.數(shù)字計算題查讀分析法 此類試題在文章中直接表現(xiàn)出事實細節(jié)，但要經(jīng)過具體的計算才能得出正確答案。具體可以是對年代、月份、費用等計算。此類題目宜采用“查讀分析法”，即先閱讀題干，然后對文中相關(guān)的數(shù)字、時間、年代

28、等作出標記，按照一定的規(guī)律分門別類地列出相關(guān)數(shù)字，然后進行簡單的計算。,技法點撥,4What is the right order of the event described in the passage? aA cellar(地窖) was found. bFour conspirators were shot. cThe letter was passed on to the authorities. dThe rest of the conspirators were hanged. eSome gunpowder was prepared. fThe authorities took

29、 action. Acaefbd Beacfbf Caecfbd Dcfaebd 解析事件排序題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Fawkes found a store room directly under the House of Lords”可知首先他們找到了一個地窖；根據(jù)第二句“The conspirators stored thirtysix barrels of gunpowder there”可知他們準備了炸藥。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“The letter was passed on to the authorities，who took action.”可知信件被當局知道了，并采取了行動。根據(jù)

30、倒數(shù)第二段可知四人被射殺，其余人被絞死。故C項順序正確。,a,e,c,f,b d,4.排序題首尾排除法 這種試題要求考生根據(jù)事情發(fā)生的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事件的正確順序。做此類試題時可采用“首尾排除法”，即先找出第一件事情和最后一件事情，使用排除法迅速縮小范圍，從而快速選出正確選項；也可使用“代入淘汰法”按順序逐一排除，得出正確選項。,技法點撥,A. 選項特點 1.干擾選項特點 (1)將原文內(nèi)容擴大或縮小。把原文中的限定詞去掉或替換，使該選項看似正確。 (2)把未然當已然。改變文中某句話的時態(tài)，如把將來時變成現(xiàn)在時，把未發(fā)生的事情當成已發(fā)生的事情。 (3)無中生有。即選項內(nèi)容是根

31、據(jù)主觀想象或推測得出的結(jié)論，而文中并未涉及。 (4)偷換概念。把原來做該事的“張三”換成“李四”。 (5)文不對題。 (6)符合常識,但不是文章內(nèi)容。 (7)部分正確,部分錯誤。,歸納總結(jié),A. 選項特點 2.正確選項特征 (1)同義替換，對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞替換。 (2)詞性或者語態(tài)的變化。 (3)語言簡化。把原文中的復雜語言現(xiàn)象進行簡化，成為正確答案。 (4)正話反說。把原文中的意思反過來表達而成為正確選項(適用于尋找錯誤選項的題目)。,歸納總結(jié),題干,原文,選項,關(guān)鍵詞,問什么,直接信息,間接信息,語意轉(zhuǎn)換,正確選項,查讀,對應(yīng),加工整理,What was Sue doing when

32、she was attacked by the deer? AShe was driving home. BShe was resting on the road. CShe was taking exercise. DShe was feeding wild animals.,Sue，a 44yearold mother，had been out for her morning run.The deer followed her and edged closer.“I knew I was in trouble，” Sue says.She went to pick up a stick f

33、or selfdefense，and the deer charged.It lifted her with its antlers and threw her into the air.Sue could feel blood flew down her leg.Within seconds，the deer had pushed her off the road.,無中生有,2What did Alexis do to save Sue? AShe pushed the deer away. BShe hit the deer with her feet. CShe drove the c

34、ar to hit the deer. DShe beat the deer with a hammer.,Alexis looked into the womans terrified eyes，and before her father had even stopped the car，the teenager jumped quickly out of the car and ran toward the deer. “I was kicking it to get its attention，” she says.Then her father，who had followed his

35、 daughter，pushed the deer away from the woman.,偷換概念 張冠李戴,文不對題,部分正確,Whats right order of the event described in the passage? a.Alexis saw a deer. b.They saved Sue and sent her to a hospital. c.Alexiss father drove her to see the wildlife. d. Sue was attacked by a deer. A.cdab B.cabd C.cadb D. acdb,Al

36、exis,17，sat quietly in the passenger seat of her dads car.“Dad，theres a deer there！” Alexis said. Then she heard a scream .Alexis realized the deer was attacking a woman.Sue，a 44yearold mother，. “I was kicking it to get its attention，” Then her father.pushed the deer away from the woman. . then appl

37、ied a piece of cloth to Sues injured leg.“Were going to get you to a hospital.,語篇解讀：本文介紹了發(fā)明電子煙的前因后果 4細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“In 2003，Chinese pharmacist，Hon Lik invented the electronic cigarette as a safer and cleaner way to breathe in nicotine after his father，a heavy smoker，passed away from lung cancer att

38、ributed to smoking tobacco cigarettes.”可知，在他的父親由于吸煙得肺癌去世之后，Hon Lik發(fā)明了電子煙。故選D。,4Whats the direct reason why Hon Lik invented the electronic cigarette according to the passage? ATobacco cigarettes caused health problems. BTobacco cigarettes were too expensive for customers to buy. CQuitting smoking became one of the hardest things to do. DHis father died from lung cancer due to smoking tobacco cigarettes.,5細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Hon Lik applied for his first patent on the electronic cigarette in 2003 and afterwards introduced