高三英語 動詞不定式導復習學案

1、江蘇省邳州市第四中學高三英語復習 動詞不定式導學案課 型: New Grammar學習目標: To learn Infinitive 重點難點: Grasp the usage of Infinitive 學習課時: 4課前預習導讀自學：觀察劃線部分的特點并說出其在句子中所做的成分.1.I asked the boy to answer my question.2.Toms attending the meeting made everyone there very happy.3.To learn maths is not easy./ It is not easy to learn mat

2、hs.4.Seen from the hill, the city looks very beautiful.5.The girl sitting under the tree is my sister.6.English is a widely used language.7.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.非謂語動詞：動名詞 分詞： 現(xiàn)在分詞 過去分詞 動詞不定式課堂探討導學歸納 一、檢查預習,討論交流預習內容 Check the answers to the sentences above 二、【點撥指導】或【師生互動】動詞不定式：動詞

3、不定式由to+動詞原形構成。這里的to是不定式標志，沒有詞義。不定式具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的某些語法功能，又有動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的特點及作用。常見的形式如表所示（以及物動詞do為例），不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。時態(tài)語態(tài)主動被動一般式to doto be done進行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been done完成進行式to have been doing/.Translate:1. 我有很重要的事情要告訴你。 I have something important to tell you.2. 那個男孩喜歡玩電腦游戲。 不定式：表將來 The boy l

4、ikes to play computer games. 表目的3. 為了通過考試，我更加努力學習。 表某一次具體的動作 To pass the exam, I work even harder.不定式的用法:賓語主語賓語補足語狀語定語表語不定式 2 175, 6,431.學英語對于我們來說不是很難。 It is not difficult for us to learn English./ To learn English is not difficult for us.2. 小男孩很想學英語。 The boy wanted to learn English.3. 他的愛好是打籃球。 His

5、 hobby is to play basketball.4. 我沒有東西吃。 I have nothing to eat.5. 為了贏得比賽，他刻苦練習。 To win the game, he works hard.6. 我很高興見到你。 I am very glad to see you.7. 爸爸叫他進來。 Father asked him to come in. 不定式作主語 吸這么多煙對你的身體不好。(具體) To smoke so much is not good for you./Its not good for you to smoke so much.不定式作主語表示的動作

6、往往是具體的或一次性的動作，特別是將來的動作。常用It 作形式主語 ( 注意句型： It is + adj.+ for /of sb to do sth.) Eg. 你真好，幫助我學習英語。 It is very good of you to help with my English.注意、用不定式作主語的句子中還有一個不定式作表語時，不能用It is to的句型。另外，這樣的句子，不能用動名詞作表語。例如：判斷正誤：（ ）To teach is to learn. （ ）It is to learn to teach. （ ）To teach is learning. （ ）Teaching

7、 is to learn.如果不定式為不及物動詞，其后應有必要的介詞。當動詞與介詞連用時，常 位于形容詞+動詞不定式結構的末尾。典型例題The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on.Its for sb.和 Its of sb .這樣的句子中，由于表語形容詞性質的不同，導致了不定式邏輯主語標志用for或of的區(qū)別。 1.for sb. 句型中的形容詞一般為表示事物的特征特點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard,

8、difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如： Its very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學兩門外語是很難 的。 2.of sb句型中的形容詞一般為表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主觀感情或態(tài) 度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如：Its very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。 用for還是用of 的另一種辨別方法：用介詞for或of后面的邏輯主語作句子的主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個句子。如

9、果通順用of，不通則用for。例如： You are nice.（通順，所以應用of）。 He is hard. （非所表達的意思，不通，因此用for。）.不定式作賓語1.爸爸答應給我買一輛單車。 My father promised to buy a bike for me.2.天??！ 我忘了關燈了。 Oh, My God! I forgot to turn off the light.下列動詞后接不定式做賓語：affordaimagreearrangeaskdecidebothercarechoosedemand desiredetermineelectendeavorhopefailhe

10、lplearnlong 渴望meanmanageofferplanpretendrefusetendundertakeexpecthateintend3.請演示給我們如何去做。Please show us how to do that.4.有這么多的錄音機，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy. 下列動詞后接疑問詞+不定式做賓語：decideknowconsiderforgetlearnremembershow,wonderfi

11、nd outtellinquireexplain.不定式作賓語補足語1.醫(yī)生建議他每天鍛煉身體。 The doctor advised him to take exercise.2. 他的父母期望他上大學。 His parents expected him to go to university.下列動詞后接不定式做賓語補足語adviseallowcausechallengecommandcompeldrive 驅使enableencourageforbidforceimpelinduceinstructinvitelike/loveorderpermitmakelethavewantgetw

12、arnpersuaderequestsendtelltrainurge注意：.有些動詞如make，have，get，want等可用不定式作做賓補，也可用分詞作賓補?，F(xiàn)在分詞表達主動，也表達正在進行，過去分詞表達被動。3. We believe him to be guilty. 我們相信他是有罪的。4.We know him to be a fool. 我們知道他是個笨蛋。（to be 不能省去）有些有動詞+賓語+不定式的結構，不定式的動詞往往是be，不定式一般可以省去：considerfindbelievethinkdeclare（聲稱）appointguessfancy（設想）guessj

13、udgeimagineknow典型例題 Charles Babbage is generally considered_ the first computer.A. to inventB. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 5.We didnt expect there to be so many people there. 我們沒料到會有那么多人在那里。6.You wouldnt want there to be another war. 你不至于想讓另外一場戰(zhàn)爭發(fā)生吧。有些動詞可以跟there +to be的結構 believ

14、eexpectintendlikelovemeanpreferwantwishunderstand.不定式作定語1.最后一個來到達的人要付賬。 The last one to come pays bill.2.下一列到站的火車是從紐約開來的。 The next train to arrive was from New York.注意：（1）不定式作定語的位置：放在名詞的后面 （2）所表示的時間：將來. 作表語1. 我今天必須做的事情是打掃房間。 What I must do today is to clean the room.2. 他的任務是送信。His task is to send le

15、tters.注意：不定式表示一次性的；具體的動作. 不定式作狀語 1.作目的狀語 常用結構為to do , only to do（僅僅為了）, in order to do,so as to do,so （such） as to（如此以便）。例如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。I come here only to say good-bye to you.我來僅僅是向你告別。2.作結果狀語可以表示沒有預料到的或事與愿違的結果,不定式要放在句子后面。 I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒

16、來發(fā)現(xiàn)箱子不見了。He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房間，沒發(fā)現(xiàn)什么。3.表原因 Im glad to see you. 見到你很高興。 She wept to see the sight. 她一看到這情形就哭了。4.表示理由和條件 He must be a fool to say so. You will do well to speak more carefully.不定式注意點：1to 可以用作介詞，也可用作不定式的標示。下面的to 都用作介詞：admit toobject tobe accustomed tobe used t

17、ostick toturn to開始look forward tobe devoted topay attention tocontribute to apologize todevote oneself to2.省去to 的動詞不定式 1）情態(tài)動詞 （ 除ought 外） 后。 2）使役動詞 let, have, make后，感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。注意：被動語態(tài)中不能省去to。例如： I saw him dance. 我看見他跳舞。 =He was s

18、een to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. 老板讓他們整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night. 3）would rather，had better句型后 4）Why not 句型后 5）help 后可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb （to） do sth： 6）介詞except/ but 之后接不定式時，如果介詞前有實意動詞do 則except/ but 后接不帶to 的不定式；反之，如果except/ but前沒有實意動詞do， 則不定式帶to 。 She has n

19、o choice but to wait for the news. The man can do everything but speak French. 7）由and, or和than連接的兩個不定式，第二個to 可以省去： 8）通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等詞后作賓補時，可以省去to be。 例如：He is supposed （to be） nice.他應該是個好人。 9）作簡短回答或避免不必要的重復時，動詞不定式常常省去to 后面的動詞， 只保留to 。A:Would you like to come to my party?B: Yes

20、, Id love to ( come to your party).Mary想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。 Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).典型例題 - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works har

21、d. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 3.動詞不定式的否定式 在不定式標志to前加上not。例如： Tell him not to shut the window。讓他別關窗。 She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走過的時候，她假裝沒看見。典型例題 1）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never driver C. never driving D. never driv

22、e 2）The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him _. A. not toB. not to doC. not do it D. do not to 不定式的特殊句型tooto 1）tooto 太以至于。例如：He is too excited to speak. 他太激動了，說不出話來。 - Can I help you ? 需要我?guī)兔?- Well, Im afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you al

23、l the same.不用了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動。謝謝。 2）如在too前有否定詞，則整個句子用否定詞表達肯定，too 后那個詞表達一 種委婉含義，意 為不太。例如： Its never too late to mend. 改過不嫌晚。（諺語） 3）當too 前面有only, all, but時，意思是：非常 等于very。例如： Im only too pleased to be able to help you. 能幫助你我非常高興。 He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。不定式的特殊句型so as to 1）表示目的；它的否定式是so a

24、s not to do。例如：Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.湯姆對事故保持沉 默是為了不丟掉他的工作。Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.輕點進去，別驚醒了嬰兒。 2）表示結果。例如： Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 勞駕，現(xiàn)在幾點了。不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 1)一般式表示的動詞，有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生，有時發(fā)生在謂 語動詞的動作之后，例如 He seems to know this. 他似乎知道

25、這事。 I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again.我希望再見到你。 2) 完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。例如： Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. 很抱歉，給你添了那么多的麻煩。 He seems to have caught a cold. 他好像已經得了感冒。 3) 進行式表示動作正在進行，與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生。例如： He seems to be eating something. 他好像正在吃什么東西。 4) 完成進行式表示動作從過去開始并

26、延續(xù)至說話的時候。例如： She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 我們知道她研究這問題有好幾年了。動名詞與不定式 1)動名詞與不定式的區(qū)別： 動名詞表達的是： 狀態(tài)，性質，心境，抽象，經常性，已發(fā)生的 不定式表達的是： 目的，結果，原因，具體，一次性，將發(fā)生的 不定式練習一用動詞適當形式填空： 1.He is said _(allow) to return to his country because a new president comes into power. 2. He spoke in suc

27、h a high voice _(hear)at the further end of the room. 3.In Australia, he made a lot of friends _(play )well language using practical knowledge of the English . 5. We agreed _(meet) here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. 6. Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ (ride) a bicycle. 7.

28、 The boy want to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _ (do). 8. Ill do whatever I can _(improve) my English. 9. My grandmother seems to have a lot _(worry) about. 10. You shouldnt allow students _(play) games near the classroom, for its too noisy. 11.I had meant _(call) on you, b

29、ut I was so busy. 12. To know what is good and _(do) what is right are two different things. 13. You must have taken a lot of trouble _ _(find) this materials for us. 14. He was afraid _(go) forwards because he was afraid of falling down. 15. I hate _ (hear) their complaints all day. One of these da

30、ys, I will tell them what I really think. 16.The way they talked _(settle) the problem seemed impossible. 17.He let me repeat his instructions _(make) sure that I understood what was _(do) after he went away. 18. Paul doesnt have to be made _(learn) . He always works hard. 19.My cousin has passed th

31、e entrance examination. My family sent him an E-mail _(congratulate) him on his success.二選擇題： 1.He asked me to help him repair his radio, but I dont know _.A. to do it B. how to C. what to do it D. how to do 2. His voice made me _ terrible.A. To feel B. feel C. feels D. felt 3. My parents told me _

32、people when they are in trouble.A. never laugh at B. not to laugh at C. dont laugh at D. not laugh at 4. Its bad manners _ rude to people.A. to be B. are C. be D. to being 5. Its interesting _ us to take part in the games. A. of B. to C. for D. at 6.The purpose of new technologies is to make life ea

33、sier, _ it more difficult. A not make B not to make C not making D do not make 7.Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C . to be expecting D expects8.Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning9.

34、 I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone10. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _everything. to tell B.to be told C. to be telling D.to have been told11. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B.to be seen C. seeing D. seen 12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having