2010年高考英語新題型語篇填空解題技巧

1、更正解題思維習慣 攻克語篇填空,He is student. He is come from China. He by bike to go to school. America chinese not enough. There are many students study in the classroom. Because he got up late, so he couldnt catch the bus. My hometown happened great changes.,Are you familiar with these,語法觀念淡薄 中式英語雷人,上海某餐廳。老外會瘋掉

2、吧,2010年湖南高考英語新題型:,語 法 填 空,攻克語法填空,“語法填空”是2007年的廣東卷開始的。 語法填空是以短文為載體，考查語法的同時，也考查了考生對語篇的理解。 由于考生對單項選擇題和完形填空干擾太大（學生得分率最低的題型），而這種無選擇項“語法填空”題由于沒有干擾項反倒有利于考生更好地發(fā)揮其英語水平。 于是湖南2010年英語高考漸進地把原來的完形填空分解成了：12個完形填空和8個語法填空,題型設(shè)計原因,題型設(shè)計原因,從剛才幻燈片2-3所看到的中式英語和歷年的學生書面表達來看，學生對最為基礎(chǔ)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)都沒掌握，更不用說語篇結(jié)構(gòu)了。其實，這里更折射出了我們中國學生學習英語在思維方面

3、的僵化（直譯），死背語法（套用），機械地記單詞（背單詞表）還相當普遍，把語言學得支離破碎，效率相當?shù)拖隆?可以說，語法填空體現(xiàn)了新課程改革的精神，著力通過測試來改變同學們的英語學習方式，思維方式，重掌對英語的信心，高效掌握英語。 因此，語法填空也叫語篇填空這個新題型的出題設(shè)計應該會是在語法結(jié)構(gòu)（形式，詞法，句法）和語篇上設(shè)計題目。,2010年的湖南高考英語的“語法填空”要求考生閱讀一篇短文，然后完成8項語法填空。內(nèi)容包括根據(jù)句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和上下文連貫的要求填入適當?shù)脑~語；或使用括號中詞語的適當形式填空。 “語法填空”考查考生在 上理解并應用語法知識的能力，考試采用填空的形式?！罢Z法填空”要求考

4、生必須具備較好的 能力，而不只是語法辨析能力。 那么，我們根據(jù)考綱精神可以歸納出這種題型的解題方法是：,語篇層面,語法分析,題型樣式,因為要填的這個詞是在句子中抽的空，所以“語法填空” 中這個空上到底填那個詞，這就是要看句子了，也就是要學會分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和基本語法知識； 同樣的，這個空所要填的詞可能有多種答案都行得通，但只有一個最佳的是適合上下文（語篇）的，所以理解整個語篇（這又考查了閱讀理解能力）； 最后是句子和句子的銜接了，例如一個復雜句中的主句和從句，兩個句子之間的邏輯，因此要掌握連詞和關(guān)系詞的用法。,解題技巧之句子結(jié)構(gòu),五大基本句型; 句子的構(gòu)成成分（包括句子的基本成分和擴展成分）；

5、不同詞性（或者成份）在句子中的位置; 復合句（主句和從句）。,句子的 類型,簡單句 并列句 復合句,轉(zhuǎn)折 因果 聯(lián)合 選擇,名詞性從句 形容詞性從句： 副詞性從句：,主語從句 賓語從句 表語從句 同位語從句,定語從句,狀語從句,時間，地點 原因，目的 結(jié)果，條件 方式，讓步,五種基本句型,句子的類型,英語五種基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： （主謂） 基本句型二：（主系表） 基本句型三： （主謂賓） 基本句型四： （主謂間賓直賓） 基本句型五： （主謂賓賓補）,英語的基本成分有七種： 主語（subject） 謂語（predicate） 表語（predicative） 賓語（object） 賓語

6、補足語 ( object complement) 定語（attribute） 狀語 (adverbial),主語 1. 主語是一個句子的主題，也是句子的主體，表示句子主要說明的人或事物。 2. 它的位置一般在句首。 3.一般由名詞、代詞或相當于名詞或代詞的詞、短語或句子等充當。,This method, called seeding, has been very helpful to farmers, and made him win much fame.,His natural (curious) made him wonder about clouds.,The _ why I was s

7、ad was that he didnt understand me.,curiosity,it,reason,謂語 1. 謂語是說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)。一般放在主語之后。 2. 謂語一般是由動詞或連系動詞+表語擔當。 3. 謂語必須和主語在“人稱”和“數(shù)”上保持一致。,I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he _ (break) his finger.,An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational po

8、licy that (encourage) students to study abroad.,A transit spokesman said the driver should (make) radio call to the control center for help.,had broken,encourages,have made,For a few moments I just stood there, _(wonder) what to buy, and who _ (buy) it for.,非謂語,We should try every effort (prevent) v

9、iolence happening at school for more,This method, _ seeding, has been very helpful to farmers, and it made him win much fame.,called,wondering,to buy,to prevent,表語 1. 表語是表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)或身份等。 2. 表語位于連系動詞之后，二者構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，即合成謂語 3. 表語由名詞、形容詞或相當于名詞或形容詞的詞、短語或句子等充當。,There a man in the front of the store.,To tell you

10、 the truth, I always feel helping others really great.,is,is,It would be _ (believe) that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends!,unbelievable,It was getting too late. Thats _ we were getting anxious about you.,why,賓語 1.賓語表示動作、行為的對象。 2.只有及物動詞可帶賓語，有些不及物動詞加上介詞或副詞也可帶賓語。 3.由名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的詞

11、、短語或句子擔當。,Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear spoken.,He had to admit _(break) the school rules.,breaking,I think _ our responsibility to do something for the 2008 Olympic Games.,it,it,賓語補足語 位于賓語之后對賓語作出說明的成分。賓語與其補足語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復合賓語。 1. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 名詞： The war made him _(soldier).

12、 2. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 形容詞： Taking exercises can keep you _(health). 3. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 介詞短語： I often find him _(silence). 4. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 動詞不定式： The teacher ask the students _ (close) the windows. 5. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 分詞： I saw a cat _(run) across the road.,a soldier,healthy,in silence,to close,running,定語 1.定語是用來修飾名詞;代詞或句子的

13、成分 2. 定語有前置定語,后置定語 3. 充當定語的詞有：形容詞;名詞;代詞;數(shù)詞;名詞所有格.方位副詞;不定式;動詞的ing形式;過去分詞;從句等 Americans regularly eat _ (cook)eggs to keep their minds sharp.,Those tests included people of different _ from 12 to 83.,ages,uncooked,This was reported by people _ (work) in the shop.,working,“Let me see your _ (fish) lice

14、nse, boy !”,fishing,解題技巧之復合句（主句、從句）,引導名詞性從句的連接詞,It s said that doesnt kill you will make you stronger.,My face turned red on hearing _ my mother said.,_ we will start hasnt been decided yet.,_ will we deal with is still a problem,what,what,When,How,解題技巧之復合句（主句、從句）,引導定語從句的關(guān)系詞,Many people _ had seem t

15、he film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes in _ people were eaten by the tiger.,Buy something for someone needs it.,_ is known to all, China is a large country of agriculture.,As,Then I went to the department store I worked part-time and bought her an expensive gift box

16、of Sichuan beef.,who,which,who,where,解題技巧之復合句（主句、從句）,引導狀語從句的連詞,解題技巧之復合句（主句、從句）,引導狀語從句的連詞,I fled to Grandma I knew she would be straight with me. She always told the truth.,_we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language.,If,I almost started to yell

17、his name _ I suddenly remembered he was in bed asleep.,when,_children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent.,Unless,Statistics show that China carried out the opening - up policy, a total of one million students have gone abroad for study.,since,because,解題技巧之時態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復數(shù),

18、The sun was setting when my car _ (break) down near a remote village.,_(look) at the picture, please!,The other day, while I _（shop）in the store, I met Li Ying, an old friend of mine.,In fact, violence can (learn).,Being too anxious to help an event develop often _(result) in the contrary to our int

19、ention.,broke,Look,was shopping,be learned,results,解題技巧之固定搭配,Hospitals will probably have body banks that can give you almost any new part you need to keep on _(live).,He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day,It was no use _(pretend) that I had not seen him.,So careless was I _ I had forgotten

20、 all about that.,It was not long the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table.,that,living,of,to pretend,before,解題技巧之常識,it was Sao Paulos newest building. All the _ of the office building were completely destroyed.,floors,In quality-of-life terms, walking into an office at 8 in t

21、he _and leaving 12 hours later is not an attractive prospect. Even if you earn lots of money, you dont have enough _ to enjoy it.,morning,time,Now Jean coaches and teaches. She tried to get people to set goals. “ When I sign my autograph,” says Jean, “ I _, Dream big and work hard.”,write,解題技巧之語篇,Th

22、e bed is connected to an alarm clock. F_, the alarm clock rings. You have a few minutes to wake up. Next, a tape recorder in the bed Then Finally,語篇是指比單個句子長的語言單位（句群、段落篇章等）。語篇間往往有標明內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞，我們稱這些詞為“語篇標志詞”。如表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的有first, second, third, finally等；表示邏輯關(guān)系的有thus，therefore，so等；表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系或變換話題的有however, but, by t

23、he way等?！罢Z篇標志詞”對迅速理清文章的脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文關(guān)系很有幫助。,First,According to the news report, more than one hundred people died of H1N1, a kind of _ like flu. Doctors have been busy finding some ways to prevent the disease _ spreading. Here are some suggestions _ share with you._ , dont go to public places that are _

24、of people so often. Those _ always show up in places like hospitals, theaters, and department stores seem to get H1N1 more easily than those who stay at home. Second, wash your hands a lot. Whats more, dont stay up late, and you will have enough energy to fight against the disease. Eating fruit of d

25、ifferent kinds and colors _ also important because they are rich in Vitamin _. Above all, stay home from school when you dont feel comfortable or have a high fever. Dont go to school until you get well. If everyone follows these suggestions, H1N1 will be under our control soon. To find more details

26、about H1N1, visit the website ,disease,from,to,First,who,full,is,C,放在名詞后面的非謂語,謂語結(jié)構(gòu)有個形容詞important,語法填空思維總結(jié), 結(jié)構(gòu)分析,語法意義：冠詞、代詞,意義關(guān)系：代詞、連詞、介詞,上下文意義/搭配意義,基本結(jié)構(gòu),主謂一致,時態(tài)一致,指稱一致,主語一致,擴展方式,詞性,詞形,詞義, 意義理解, 成分分析,學習建議： 、掌握單詞、詞組 、懂得分析句子結(jié)構(gòu) 、多聽、多說、多讀、多寫，增強語感 4、漢譯英翻譯,語法填空解題技巧口訣（“由大到小” ）,1、通讀全文、了解大意、把握特征、弄清文脈。,2、巧用已知，

27、連線畫圖、降低難度、鋪平道路。,3、理解句意、分析結(jié)構(gòu)、大膽猜測、各個擊破 。,4、重讀全篇、仔細核查、語法正確、語意貫通。,5、拼寫正確、書寫規(guī)范、大小寫準確（注意三寫）。,Mark Twain , a famous American writer, was once traveling in France. He went by _31_ to Dijon. He was very _32_(sleep) and wanted to sleep. He therefore asked the conductor to wake him up when the train came to D

28、ijon. But first he explained that he was a very heavy sleeper. “I may possible protest loudly _33_ you try to wake me up!” he said to the conductor. “But dont take any notice of _34_ I say. Just push me _35_ the train, anyway.” Then Mark Twain went to sleep. Later, when he woke up, _36_ was night ti

29、me and the train had reached Paris already. He realized at once that the conductor _37_(forget) to call him at Dijon. He was so angry that he ran up to the conductor and began to shout at him. “ I have never been _38_ angry in all my life.” Mark Twain said. _39_(look) at him calmly, the conductor said, “You are not half a