初中英語八種時態(tài)講解.ppt

1、語法專題（一） 時態(tài),一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 過去進(jìn)行時 現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時 一般將來時 過去將來時,一般現(xiàn)在時,一、一般現(xiàn)在時： 概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。 時間狀語： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動詞；行為動詞 否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加dont,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt，同時還原行為動詞。 一般疑問句：把be

2、動詞放于句首；用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞。,什么情況下用？,表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。表示主語通常的能力、興趣愛好、和性格特征。表示客觀的事實(shí)或真理。表示按照時刻表或已經(jīng)計(jì)劃安排好的將來行為。（只限于是go, come, leave, arrive, begin, start, take off, stop, be等表示開始或移動意義的詞。）在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，主句用一般將來時(will+動詞原形)，從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。（主將從現(xiàn)）,當(dāng)主語是第三人稱時，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，加-s/es。除此之外都用動詞原形。,

3、動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則,1. He_(be, am, is, are) a teacher at No. 2 Middle School. 2. He_(have, has) classes in the afternoon. 3. He_(get, gets) up at half past six every morning. 4. He always _(come, comes ) to school on time. 5. He _(study, studies) very hard at his lesson. 6. One and two _(be, is, are) thr

4、ee. 7. Blue and yellow _(make, makes) green. 8. The earth _(move, moves) round the sun. 9. I will go there if I _( be, will be, am, is, are) free tomorrow.,10. I will go there when I _(have, will have, has) time tomorrow. 11. He wont come to the party unless he _(be, will be, am, is, are) invited. 1

5、2. Ill wait here until my mother _(come, comes, will come) back. 13. Please return the book to the library as soon as you _(finish, finishes, will finish) reading it. 14. Once you _(see, sees, will see) him, you will never forget him.,一般過去時,概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。 時間狀語：ago, yesterday, th

6、e day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動詞；行為動詞 否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didnt，同時還原行為動詞。 一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時還原行為動詞。,1. He_(be, was, were, been) here a moment ago. 2. They _(be,

7、 was, were, been) here just now. 3. The scientists _(leave, leaves, leaved, left) for America yesterday. 4. Last week we _(visit, visited ) the Science Museum. 5. When I was a child, I often _(play, played) football. 6. The students ran out of the classroom as soon as the bell _(ring, rang, rung).,現(xiàn)

8、在進(jìn)行時,作謂語的動詞用來表示動作（情況）發(fā)生時間的各種形式稱為時態(tài)。 1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作及行為。 2.時間狀語：Now, at this time, days, look. listen等時間狀語做標(biāo)志。 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be +doing +其他 4.否定形式：主語+be +not +doing+其他 5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首。,6. 用法：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示 1)、現(xiàn)在（說話的瞬間）正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)“此時此刻”。 E.g. He is reading . They are talking now. 2)、當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動

9、作。 E.g. They are working these days. 3)、 某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表預(yù)定的計(jì)劃或即將發(fā)生的動作。 E.g I am coming.,現(xiàn)在分詞的變法有 1)、一般在動詞詞尾加上-ing ,E.g. jump 2)、以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，先去e，再加-ing. E.g have write 3)、.以重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞，它前面是單個元音字母時要先將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫，再加上-ing. E.g. sit put 其句式變換都在be上做文章。,1.I _(write, am writing, is writing, are writing)

10、 a letter now. 2.Look, it _(begin, is beginning, am beginning, are beginning) to rain. 3.They _(study, is studying, am studying, are studying) medicine at the Medical Institute of Chengde these days. 4.He _(teach, am teaching, is teaching, are teaching) an English lesson at this time.,過去進(jìn)行時,1.概念：表示過

11、去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動作。 2.時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語+was/were +doing +其他 4.否定形式：主語+was/were + not +doing+其他 5.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。(第一個字母大寫） 其句式變化仍然要在be上做文章。,過去進(jìn)行時常與過去某一特定時間的狀語連用，如 last night, at that time, at noon yesterday, last Sunday 等。 也有時沒有時間狀

12、語，要通過上下文的暗示來確定用過去進(jìn)行時。,1.I _(cook, cooked, was cooking, were cooking) breakfast when you arrived. 2.What _you_( do, did, was.doing, weredoing) at this time yesterday evening? 3.We_(have, are having, had, were having) dinner when the doorbell rang. 4.While/ When/ As we_( have, had, are having, were ha

13、ving) dinner, the doorbell rang.,一般將來時,構(gòu)成:will,shall+動詞原形，其中shall只用于第一人稱。be going to +動詞原形，表示主觀打算，按計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事情。 be to +動詞原形，表示客觀安排 be about to +不定式，意為馬上要做某事，正要做某事。某些動詞，可用進(jìn)行時態(tài)表將來，如come, go, arrive, leave。在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，主句用一般將來時(will+動詞原形)，從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。一般現(xiàn)在時可表示按時間表發(fā)生的將來的動作(限start, begin, arrive, end,

14、 close, leave-等表示開始或移動意義的詞),時間狀語：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.,否定形式：主語+am/is/are not going to do ；主語+will/shall not do+其他 一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 e.g. She will be back in three days. She will not be back in three days. Will She be

15、back in three days? They are going to clean their classroom. They are not going to clean their classroom. Are they going to clean their classroom?,1 _you _a doctor when you grow up? A Will; going to be B Are; going to be C Are; / D Will; be 2 I dont know if his uncle _. I think he _ if it doesnt rai

16、n. A will come; comes B will come; will come C comes; comes D comes; will come 3 He will be back _a few minutes. A with B for C on D in 4 What time _we meet at the gate tomorrow? A will B shall C do D are 5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _the work next week. A finishes B doesnt finish C will f

17、inish D wont finish,6 There _some showers this afternoon. A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have 7 It _my brothers birthday tomorrow. She _a party. A is going to be; will have B will be; is having C will be; is going to have D will have; is going to be 8 Li Ming is 10 years old n

18、ow, next year he _11. A is B is going to be C will be D will to be,過去將來時,構(gòu)成：（would + 動詞原形，或?qū)頃r的其它過去構(gòu)成形式was going to do） 表示以過去某一時間為參照，在過去看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。在賓語從句及間接引語中，時態(tài)呼應(yīng)，經(jīng)常會用到過去將來時。如I thought it was going to be fun. 時間狀語：-soon/the next day-that-clause(名詞性從句或上下文中-),1.I told my friend that I _ (should/

19、would arrive, shall/ will arrive) soon. 2.They looked at those clouds over the sky. It_(is going to rain, was going to rain). 3.They said that they _(are to meet, were to meet) at the gate the next day. 4.We _(are about to go, were about to go) out when it started to rain.,現(xiàn)在完成時,1.概念：表示發(fā)生在過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可

20、能剛剛結(jié)束也有可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動作或狀態(tài)，甚至延續(xù)到將來，并對現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響或結(jié)果。常與since+過去時（間）, for+一段時間連用。表示與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的過去的動作。 2.時間狀語：yet, already, just, never, ever, so far, by now, since+時間點(diǎn)，for+時間段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has +p.p（過去分詞）+其他,4.否定形式：主語+have/has + not +p.p（過去分詞）+其他 5.一般疑問句：have/has+主語

21、+p.p（過去分詞）+其他?,非延續(xù)性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞 非延續(xù)性動詞在時間上沒有延續(xù)性，常見的有come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, buy, find, stop, become, open, borrow, lend, appear, close, fall, finish, sell, lose, kill等，這些動詞不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。 但是，非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以表示狀態(tài)的延續(xù)，可與for/since等時間狀語連用。,有些同學(xué)錯誤地認(rèn)為這類非延續(xù)性動詞不能用于完成時態(tài)中。其實(shí)，錯誤的本質(zhì)在于非延

22、續(xù)性動詞與時間段的錯誤搭配，與現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)無關(guān)。,延續(xù)性語境中的非延續(xù)性動詞的使用 在具體的語言環(huán)境中，往往會出現(xiàn)非延續(xù)性動詞與時間段相連用的情況。由于受漢語影響，往往錯誤地直譯為：He has fallen asleep for an hour. 他睡了一小時了。（）His father has died for three years. 他父親去世三年了。（）當(dāng)出現(xiàn)這種情況時，我們往往采取以下解決方法：,（1）將非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動詞。所謂狀態(tài)動詞就是指這一動作發(fā)生后接下來所呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。如： He has been asleep for an hour. （fall asleep

23、,“入睡”為短暫動作，但be asleep“睡著”則為狀態(tài)動詞，可延續(xù)。） His father has been dead for three years.（die為短暫動詞，“死”后的狀態(tài)可用“be dead”這種系表結(jié)構(gòu)來描述，可延續(xù)。）,常見的這種動詞的轉(zhuǎn)化有以下幾類： go therebe there, come backbe back, borrowkeep, buy/catchhave, arrivebe in, beginbe on, openbe open, closebe closed, diebe dead, leavebe away from, get upbe up,

24、 fall asleepbe asleep, becomebe, joinbe in/a member of, receivehave, catch/get a coldhave a cold, get marriedbe married，come be in，finish be over， leaver be away,have （has）been 和have （has） gone 的區(qū)別 have been to a place意思是“到過、去過”，表示曾到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒；have gone to a place表示“去了”，已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已經(jīng)到那兒了。,Y

25、ou have _ a tall young man. A grown B grown into C grown us D grown up 2. He has _ the watch for a year. A buy B bought C have D had 3. Has your brother _ the dog? A kept in B fed C fed on D kept on 4. I _this book for two weeks, I have to return it now. A borrowed B have borrowed C kept D have kept

26、 5. Have you ever _to the Great Wall? Its very beautiful. A gone B been C went D go 6. Her brother _the Party since 1978. A joined B has joined C has been in D was in 7. The Greens _many places of interest since they came to China. A will visit B visited C have visited D visit,8 Im sorry, I _ your n

27、ame. A had forgotten B forgot C have forgotten D forgotten 9 The bookshop _ for eight years. A has been open B has been opened C has opened D has open 10 We have all the paper so we need to buy some. A used up B made of C filled with D hunted for 11 The flower I _grown up. A planted has B planted ha

28、ve C has planted D have planted,巧解現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)題,技巧1:尋找現(xiàn)在完成時中的“段時間”。 (1) 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),多和表示一段時間的狀語連用:for+一段時間;since+點(diǎn)時間(since作連詞后接從句時,該從句要用一般過去時) 。 (2) 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)也用在含有during / in/ over the last years或in recent years等的句子中。,趁熱打鐵,1. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower _ tens of thousands of visitors since 199

29、5. attracted B. attracts C. has attracted D. will attract 2. How long _ you _ here? For about two years so far. have, studied B. did, live C. do, stay D. were, swimming 3. How is your father? I _him for a long time.He is fine, but busy. dont see B. hadnt seen C. didnt see D. havent seen 4. Meimei ha

30、s received several letters from her hometown since she _ to the city. A. cameB. comes C. has comeD. will come,技巧2:尋找現(xiàn)在完成時的副詞標(biāo)志或句型。 (1) 在做時態(tài)題時,注意觀察句中是否有常用于現(xiàn)在完成時的副詞:yet, already, never, lately, recently, ever, just, before, (ever) since等。 (2) 句型:It has been + 段時間+since + 過去時. 也可以表示為: It is + 段時間+since

31、 + 過去時.,趁熱打鐵 What are you going to do this weekend? I _ yet. havent decided B. wont decide C. have decided D. didnt decide 2. My mother _ the windows already, so the room looks much brighter. has cleaned B. had cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean 3. It _ ten years since we last _ in Beijing. was, m

32、et B. has been, met C. was, meet D. is, meet 4. How long has the weather been like this? _. Until last night B. Ever since last night C. Two days ago D. Two days later,技巧3:把握have been to與have gone to的區(qū)別。 have been to 曾經(jīng)去過某處(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那個地方,強(qiáng)調(diào)以前的經(jīng)歷) have gone to去了某處(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語已經(jīng)離開說話者所在的地方,現(xiàn)在還沒有回來),趁熱打鐵,1. Is th

33、at Jack speaking? Sorry, he isnt in right now. He _ the cinema with his aunt. has been to B. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to 2. Hello, may I speak to your father, please? Sorry, my father _ to Shanghai. He went there this morning. A. goes B. has gone C. has beenD. go 3. How many times _

34、you _ to Beijing this year? Three times. have, been B. had, been C. have, gone D. had gone,技巧4:分清延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞。 延續(xù)性動詞是指那些動作可以持續(xù)的動詞。如:have, keep, study, live, teach等。 非延續(xù)性動詞是指那些動作瞬間完成的動詞。如:begin, buy, borrow, lend等。 做題時,要注意句中是否有段時間,如果有則用延續(xù)性動詞。,趁熱打鐵,1. Oh, Mrs. King, your dress looks nice. Is it new? N

35、o, I _ it since two years ago. had B. bought C. have had D. have bought 2. Tom _ the CD player for two weeks. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had 3. How long has the foreigner _ here? He has _ here for several hours. arrived; come B. come; got C. stayed; been D. left; been away 4. The film _ for half an hour. has begun B. has been begun C