過(guò)去完成時(shí)講解.ppt

1、past perfect tense 過(guò)去完成時(shí),知 識(shí)回 顧,1.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.,一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。,強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一特定的時(shí)間。,2.I have learned 1000 English words so far.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在 過(guò)去，但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。 其結(jié)構(gòu)為：“助動(dòng)詞 have（has）+過(guò)去分詞”,They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.,1.They arrived at t

2、he station at ten yesterday.,2.I have learned 1000 English words so far.,I had learned 1000 English words till then.,構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞had + 過(guò)去分詞（V.pp),用法：,1. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。在強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另一動(dòng)作之前時(shí)。,過(guò)去完成時(shí)：,在強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另一個(gè)動(dòng)作前常常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。,1.他說(shuō)他以前見(jiàn)過(guò)你。,He said that he _ (see) you before.,had seen,2. 到六點(diǎn)鐘

3、為止他們已經(jīng)工作八小時(shí)了。,By six oclock they _(work) for eight hours.,had worked,過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之 前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作， 即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 -|- |-|-,那時(shí)以前,那時(shí),現(xiàn)在,2. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，這一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù) 到過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻。,By six oclock they _ (work)for eight hours.,When I came to GZ , he _(be) there for a long time.,用法

4、：,1. 到了六點(diǎn)鐘為止，他們已經(jīng)工作了八小時(shí)了。,2. 我到廣州時(shí)，他在那里很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。,had worked,had been,3.到上個(gè)月中旬我們?cè)诒本┳×擞形迥陼r(shí)間了。,By the middle of last month we _(live) in Beijing for five years.,had lived,1. 到昨晚上，他已寫(xiě)完那封信。,By yesterday evening he _ (write) that letter.,2. 他說(shuō)Lin Tao已經(jīng)走了。,He said that Lin Tao _(leave),3. 當(dāng)我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，他已做完了作業(yè)。,When

5、I came in he _(finish) his homework.,過(guò)去完成時(shí)與 by then(截止到那時(shí)); by 9 oclock(直到九點(diǎn)鐘) by the end of (在結(jié)束/末之前); by the time(在時(shí)之前); up till then (直到那時(shí)); up until last night(直到昨晚）等連用，表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去。,had written,had left,had finished,3. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)和 already, just, ever, yet 等連用表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去。,用法：,例如：1. 他告訴我說(shuō)他們隊(duì)已經(jīng)贏了。,He told me th

6、at his team _ already _ (win).,had,won,2. 她說(shuō)她仍沒(méi)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。,She said that she _(not go to) the Great Wall yet.,hadnt been to,用法：,過(guò)去完成時(shí)與when, before, as soon as, till/ until 等引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的從句連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間前后。,例如：1. 她到家之前她的孩子已經(jīng)睡著了。,When she got home ,her children _(sleep).,had slept,2. 在他們到達(dá)之前電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。,Before they arr

7、ived here, the film _ already _ (start).,had,started,Last night, as soon as I _(finish) my work, I went to sleep.,3. 我完成作業(yè)了就去睡覺(jué)了。,had finished,構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞 had + 過(guò)去分詞（ v-ed）,1.They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.,2.By nine oclock yesterday evening he hadnt got home.,3.-Had y

8、ou known anything about our school before you came here? -Yes, I had. / No, I hadnt.,4.What had your sister been before she became an actress?,二、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù),1.由“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”來(lái)判定。,過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，是指過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：,在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后

9、的要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：,When I got to the station, the train had already left.,After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.,（ 1 ）狀語(yǔ)從句中,（ 2 ）賓語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：,She said that she had seen the film before.,They explained what had happe

10、ned.,2. 由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定,一般說(shuō)來(lái)，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：,（ 1 ） by + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：,I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.,（ 2 ） by the end of + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：,We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.,（ 3 ） before + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：,They had planted six hundred trees bef

11、ore last Wednesday.,3. 根據(jù)上、下文來(lái)判定。,I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.,He felt rather tired because he had worked for the whole night.,Work out the rule: If we want to talk about two past actions in a sentence, the past perfect tense is used for

12、the (earlier, later) action.,earlier,1.Millie ran back to school because she had left her magazine in the classroom. What happened first? Millie ran back to school. Millie left her magazine in the classroom.,2.Simon left school late because the football game had started late. What happened first? a.

13、Simon left school late. b.The football game started late.,3.Daniel arrived out of breath - he had gone to the wrong cinema. What happened first? a. Daniel arrived out of breath. b. Daniel went to the wrong cinema.,4.Amy had lost her purse and had to go to the police station. What happened first? a.

14、Amy lost her purse. b. Amy went to the police station.,過(guò)去完成時(shí)典型錯(cuò)誤例析：,1.昨晚我們看了電影。 a. We had seen the film yesterday evening. b. We saw the film yesterday evening.,過(guò)去完成時(shí)所表示的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，只有在和過(guò)去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才用到它。如果時(shí)間只是一個(gè)單純的過(guò)去時(shí)間，則句子只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。,2當(dāng)我到達(dá)那兒時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)放了五分鐘了。 a. The film has been on for five minute

15、s when I got there. b. The film had been on for five minutes when I got there.,在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。它的動(dòng)作的起點(diǎn)為過(guò)去，終點(diǎn)也為過(guò)去，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作起點(diǎn)為過(guò)去，終點(diǎn)則為現(xiàn)在。,3.到上學(xué)期末，他們已學(xué)會(huì)了五首英語(yǔ)歌曲。 a. By the end of last term, they have learned five English songs. b. By the end of last term, they had learned five Eng

16、lish songs.,by the end of last term 意為“到上學(xué)期末為止”，顯然它是“以過(guò)去某一時(shí)間為終點(diǎn)的”，故只能用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。,4.他昨天見(jiàn)到了ill，他們已有兩年沒(méi)見(jiàn)面了。 a. He saw Bill yesterday. They havent met each other for two years. b. He saw Bill yesterday. They hadnt met each other for two years.,“他們沒(méi)見(jiàn)面”是到“昨天”為止的（而不是到現(xiàn)在為止），是過(guò)去的過(guò)去，故后一個(gè)句子需使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行表達(dá)。

17、,李梅很高興，因?yàn)樗谥锌荚嚰案窳恕?a. Li Mei was very glad, because she passed the mid-term exam. b. Li Mei was very glad, because she had passed the mid-term exam.,當(dāng)我們表示某動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)發(fā)生于過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，那么這個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。句中pass the mid-term exam 的動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在過(guò)去動(dòng)作was very glad 之前的，故pass 需用had passed表示。,6.他走進(jìn)屋,打開(kāi)燈,然后開(kāi)始寫(xiě)起來(lái)。 a. He had c

18、ome into the room, turned on the light and began to write. b. He came into the room, turned on the light and began to write.,當(dāng)按順序陳述過(guò)去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，我們常常使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。注意：以上幾個(gè)動(dòng)作為短暫性動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作之間幾乎沒(méi)有時(shí)間間斷。,用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空(10/1),1.The poor girl never saw her grandpa because he _ (pass away) before she was born.,2. She_ alre

19、ady_ (clean) the blackboard before I entered the classroom.,had passed away,cleaned,had,句型轉(zhuǎn)換 (10/1) He had stood up before he cleaned the window. _ he had stood up, he cleaned the window. His father went to Beijing. He arrived home. (用before合并句子) His father_ _ _ Beijing before he _ home.,After,had g

20、one to,arrived,按要求改寫(xiě)下列句子(5/1) Simon had finished his homework before he watched TV. 否定句： 疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答：,Simon hadnt finished his homework before he watched TV.,Had Simon finished his homework before he watched TV?,Yes, he had.,No, he hadnt.,選擇題(10/1) Millie_ some Chinese before she came to China. A. learned B. has learned C. lear