考點(diǎn)謂語動詞.ppt

1、在下列各句空白處填入所給詞的正確形式，并說明理由。 1.(2015卷I61) It was raining lightly when I _(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care.,由主句謂語動詞“was raining”和后句的謂語動詞“didnt care”可知，arrive應(yīng)用一般過去時。句意是“當(dāng)我們在天亮前到達(dá)陽朔時，正在下著小雨”。,arrived,2.(2015卷I67) Yangshuo _ (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by t

2、he website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.,指目前的狀態(tài)或客觀存在的狀態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時，下句謂語動詞names是一般現(xiàn)在時，也有提示作用；主語Yangshuo是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填is。,is,3.(2015卷II68) At the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle _ (go) day after day. The walls warm up during the day and coo

3、l off during the night and thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.,因上句謂語動詞“warm up”與下句中的謂語動詞“warm up”和“cool off”都是一般現(xiàn)在時，故此處的go也用一般現(xiàn)在時才能保持時態(tài)一致；主語This cycle是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填goes。,goes,4.(2014卷I61) In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It _(b

4、e) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.,指1969年的情況，用一般過去時，上下句謂語動詞的時態(tài)(was, could)也提示我們用一般過去時，指當(dāng)時無法想象；又因主語It是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填was。,was,5.(2014卷II45) A boy on a bike _ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.,在句中作謂語，考慮時態(tài)和語態(tài)；a boy與catch是主動關(guān)系，又由語境(如was riding)可知用一般過去時，故填ca

5、ught。,caught,6.(2014樣卷1) Mum: (putting on her coat) Im going to have to go down to the shop for more bread. Alan: Why? Mum: Im not sure what _ (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table when I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them because theyre gone.,在賓

6、語從句中，what是主語，happen應(yīng)為謂語動詞，故要考慮其時態(tài)；從下文made, left, went, must have taken(一定已拿走)等可知，用一般過去時。,happened,7.(2014樣卷9) Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well, it wasnt me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of the fridge? Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I _ _ (put) them the

7、re when the phone rang.,從語境中可知，意思是“我一定是在電話鈴響時把它們放進(jìn)那里了”，對過去情況的推測，表示“一定已經(jīng)”，用“must have done”。(注：像此題這樣需要考生根據(jù)上下文語氣增加情態(tài)動詞且用完成式這種復(fù)雜形式，在高考語法填空中考查的可能性極小),must,have put,當(dāng)句中缺少謂語動詞時，括號中的動詞就是謂語動詞。此時要考慮時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等四個方面。 1.時態(tài) 確定時態(tài)的四條依據(jù)： (1)依據(jù)上下文時態(tài)一致?？瓷舷挛闹^語動詞是什么時態(tài)(過去/現(xiàn)在/將來)，空格要填的動詞時態(tài)一般應(yīng)與上下文的時態(tài)一致。這是高考語法填空中確定時態(tài)的最重

8、要的依據(jù)(如上述真題3和4) 但需注意：客觀事實(shí)或真理可能時態(tài)不一致；直接引語的時態(tài)會與引號外的時態(tài)不一致。,(2)依據(jù)并列謂語動詞的時態(tài)一致。如： (2015廣東卷) While making great efforts to run away, she _ (fall) over the hill and died. 解析：由and died可知，與之并列的fall也用一般過去時，故填fell。,fell,(3)依據(jù)時間狀語。如recently, so far, up to now, up to the present, in the past few years常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用；by

9、the end of, since 1980, for three years常與完成時連用。 (4)依據(jù)固定句式。請熟讀以下句式并體會句中的時態(tài)。 This is the second time that I have spoken to a foreigner.這是我第二次同外國人講話。,It was the second time that I had spoken to a foreigner. 這是我第二次同外國人講話。 Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 我一上公交車，就開動了。 I had no sooner

10、lain down than the telephone rang.我剛躺下，電話鈴就響了。,I was doing my homework when she suddenly walked in.我正在做作業(yè)，突然她走了進(jìn)來。 I was about to do my homework when she suddenly walked in.我正要做作業(yè)，突然她走了進(jìn)來。 I was on the point of going out when the phone rang.我正要出去，電話響了。,2.語態(tài) 主語是謂語動詞的執(zhí)行者，即謂語動詞與主語在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系，用主動語態(tài)；主語是謂語動

11、詞的承受者，即謂語動詞與主語在邏輯上是動賓關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)。如：,(2014廣東卷) but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We _(tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week 解析：句中tell (告訴)后沒有sb.(人)作賓語，由tell sb. sth.這一句型可知，要用被動語態(tài)；又由上下文的時態(tài)可知，用一般過去時；主語是we，構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)的be用were，故填were told。,were told,3.語氣 是否用虛擬語氣，主要由一些特

12、殊的詞或句式來決定，詳見考點(diǎn)歸納。如： (2012廣東卷) Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, wearing sunglasses. He walked in as if he _ _(buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.,had,bought,解析：因buy在主格人稱代詞he后, 顯然是作謂語; 又由語境可知，他不是真的買下了

13、這個學(xué)校, 只是他走進(jìn)來時的那種氣勢好像是買下了這所學(xué)校一樣，故應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，與過去事實(shí)相反，故填had bought。,4. 主謂一致 一般來說，主語是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù); 主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。以上真題再練的第2, 3, 4題都涉及主謂一致。又如： (2008廣東卷) Being too anxious to help an event develop often _ (result) in the contrary to our intention. 解析：句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是動名詞短語作主語，result應(yīng)是

14、謂語動詞；“急于求成，往往會事與愿違”是客觀真理，應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般現(xiàn)在時；動名詞短語作主語，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填results。,results,謂語動詞涉及時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等四個考點(diǎn)。以下重點(diǎn)提醒其中兩個。 1.時態(tài) 盡管課標(biāo)或考綱中列出了10種時態(tài)，但近兩年全國卷和九年廣東卷的高考真題只考查了一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時兩種時態(tài)。,盡管如此，以下8種時態(tài)的基本用法和構(gòu)成還是應(yīng)掌握的：,2.語氣 掌握以下兩類八條。,1. (2015廣東卷) He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food

15、and made cheese and butter for the family with what _ (leave).,介詞with后應(yīng)是賓語從句，連接代詞what = the milk that，意為“(除了用于換其他食物的牛奶后)剩下的牛奶”；因what與leave (剩下)是被動關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)；上下文都是過去時，也用一般過去時；what作主語，用第三人稱單數(shù)，故填was left。,was left,2. (2013廣東卷) Suddenly, he _ (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son,

16、“Go to the village and buy some salt”,在主格人稱代詞he后，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句之前，find應(yīng)是謂語動詞；由下文的called可判斷find用一般過去時，故填found。,found,3. (2011廣東卷) I noticed a man sitting at the front. He _ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.,在主語He后，pretend顯然是謂語動詞；giving it (the tiger) a voice的主語應(yīng)當(dāng)是He,因此，and givin

17、g與謂語動詞是并列關(guān)系；由此推斷, 謂語動詞應(yīng)是過去進(jìn)行時, 故填was pretending。,was pretending,4. (2010廣東卷) After a four-day journey, the young man _ (present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink,動詞present(贈予)在主語the young man后，應(yīng)是謂語動詞；由語境及上下文的謂語動詞的時態(tài)可知，用一般過去時，故填presented。,presented,5. (2009廣東卷)people stepped on

18、 your feet or _(push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.,因主語people與push是主動關(guān)系，用主動語態(tài)；又由并列連詞or可知，push與stepped應(yīng)為并列謂語，時態(tài)要一致；stepped是一般過去時，push也應(yīng)是一般過去時，故填pushed。,pushed,6. (2009廣東卷) “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking, ” Jane _ _ (inform).,因inform在主語Jane后作謂語，Jane與

19、inform是被動關(guān)系，又是一般過去時，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故填was informed。,was,informed,7. (2007廣東卷) I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car _(break) down near a remote village.,在when后的分句中，my car是主語，其后的break應(yīng)為謂語動詞；由全文可知，這是敘述過去的經(jīng)歷，應(yīng)用一般過去時；再說was / were doing when did是一個固定句型，when后面的句子的謂語用一般過去

20、時，表示“正在做某事，就在這個時候突然發(fā)生了另外一事”，故填broke。,broke,8. Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, _(look) at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.,由and be可知與之并列的be是原形，由此可想到look也用原形，是祈使句句型。,look,9. In the last few years, China _ (make) great achievement

21、s in environmental protection. 由In the last few years可知用現(xiàn)在完成時。 10. I _(hear) nothing from him up to now. 由up to now可知用現(xiàn)在完成時。,has made,have heard,11. He was about to tell me the secret when someone _ (pat) him on the shoulder. 由was /were about to do sth. when sb. did固定句型可知, when后句子用一般過去時。 12. He _(th

22、ink) about the problem when an apple fell to the ground. 由was /were doing sth. when sb. did固定句型可知。,patted,was thinking,13. This is the first time that our whole class _ (go) out together for a picnic. 在This/It is the first time that句型中，that后的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。,have gone,14. There was a knock at the door. I

23、t was the second time someone _ (interrupt) me that evening. 在It/This was the second time (that)句型中，that從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時。,had interrupted,15. Hardly had the game begun when it _ (start) raining. 由Hardlywhen句型可知，前面多用過去完成時，when后謂語動詞常用一般過去時。,started,16. It is reported that a space station _ _(build) on th

24、e moon in years to come. 因a space station與build之間是被動關(guān)系, 要用被動語態(tài)；又由“in years to come (未來的幾年內(nèi))”可知用將來時，因此，用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。句意：據(jù)報道, 一個空間站將在未來的幾年內(nèi)在月球上建成。,built,will be,17. As you go through this book, you _ _ (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War had a different experience.,句中a

25、s引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句, 從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時, 所以主句需用一般將來時。句意：當(dāng)你讀這本書時, 你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)那些經(jīng)歷過第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的數(shù)百萬人中的每一個人都有不同的經(jīng)歷。,find,will,18. Whatever she _ (say) will not make any difference to our arrangements. 句意：無論她說什么都不會對我們的安排有影響。,says,19. The real reason why prices _ (be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discuss

26、ion can satisfactorily explain this problem. 根據(jù)空格后面的and still are(而且現(xiàn)在仍然是)判斷, 前面是指物價過去的情況, 應(yīng)用一般過去時。句意：物價過去很高, 現(xiàn)在依然居高不下, 其真正原因是復(fù)雜的, 不是兩三句話能圓滿解釋的。,were,20. If only I _(listen) to my parents at that time! But its too late now. 因if only (但愿，要是就好了)與wish的意義和用法相同，后面的句子要用虛擬語氣，由at that time可知是與過去事實(shí)相反的情況，故用過去

27、完成時，填had listened。,had listened,21. If only I _(can) play the piano as well as Lang Lang. 因if only后面的句子要用虛擬語氣，由句意可知是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，故用一般過去時，表示能力的can的過去時形式是could。,could,22. I wish I _(fly) freely in the sky like a bird.,因wish后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，從句意來看，是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，“像鳥一樣在藍(lán)天飛翔”應(yīng)是強(qiáng)調(diào)具備這種能力，故填could fly(能飛)。,could fly,23

28、. But for your help we _ _ (be) late.,由but for (如果沒有，要不是)可知要用虛擬語氣，由句意可知是與過去事實(shí)相反的情況，故填would have been。,would have,been,24. The Gadfly insisted that the work _ (finish) by the middle of June.,句中insisted作“堅持/堅決要求”，其后的賓語從句的謂語用“(should +)動詞原形”；又因“工作”與“完成”是被動關(guān)系，要用被動語態(tài)，故填(should) be finished。,(should) be f

29、inished,25. He insisted that he _(be) not ill, but the doctor insisted that he _ _ (take) the medicine.,第一個insisted意為“堅持說，堅決認(rèn)為(是怎么回事)”，其賓語從句的謂語不用虛擬語氣，故填was； 第二個insisted意為“堅持要求(要/該做某事)”，其賓語從句的謂語要用虛擬語氣，故填(should) take。,was,(should),take,26. I ordered that the gate _ _ (lock).,因order (命令，指示)后的賓語從句的謂語要用

30、虛擬語氣，且the gate與lock是被動關(guān)系，故填(should) be locked。,(should) be,locked,27. A lighted sign commanded that seat belts _ (fasten).,由commanded可知，其后的賓語從句的謂語要用(should+)動詞原形，又因seat belts (安全帶) 與fasten (系) 是被動關(guān)系,故填(should) be fastened。,(should) be fastened,28. Her pale face suggested that she _ (be) ill and her

31、mother suggested she _ (see) a doctor.,因第一個suggest意為“顯示，表明(=show)”, 其后的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣,故填was；第二個suggest意為“建議”,其后的賓語從句的謂語要用(should+)動詞原形，故填(should) see。,was,(should) see,29. They advise that a passport _ _ (carry) with you at all times.,因advise后的從句謂語要用(should+)動語原形，且a passport (護(hù)照)與carry (攜帶)是被動關(guān)系，故填(should) be carried。,(should) be,carried,30. She requested that no one _ _ (tell) of her decision until the next meeting.,因request后的從句謂語用(should+)動詞原形，且on one與tell