人體解剖學(xué)sensory organs 1.ppt

1、第十三章 感覺(jué)器總論,鄖陽(yáng)醫(yī)學(xué)院 解剖教研室 鄧兆宏,感覺(jué)器: The Sensory Organs,感覺(jué)器:Sensory organs 是感受器receptor及其附屬結(jié)構(gòu)的總稱(chēng)，是機(jī)體感受刺激的裝置。可分為三類(lèi)。 1、外感受器 exteroceptor 2、內(nèi)感受器 interoceptor 3、本體感受器 proprioceptor,Up,第十四章 視器 Visual Organ,視器由眼球和眼副器共同構(gòu)成。 赤道Equator在眼球的表面，距前、后極相等的各點(diǎn)連線(xiàn)。 眼軸:axis oculi :前、后極的連線(xiàn)。 視軸axis Optica :瞳孔至 中央凹的連線(xiàn)與視線(xiàn)方向一致。,U

2、p,一、眼球壁 Walls of eyeball,纖維 膜,角膜Cornea,鞏膜Sclera,血管膜l,虹膜Iris,睫狀體Cilliary body,脈絡(luò)膜Choroid,視網(wǎng)膜Retina,虹膜部,睫狀體部 視部,Up,（一）纖維膜或外膜,1、角膜Cornea anterior 1/6 2、鞏膜Sclera posterior 5/6, 鞏膜靜脈竇sinus venosus sclerae,Up,（二）血管膜或中膜,1、虹膜Iris 瞳孔pupil Contains sphincter pupillae 瞳孔括約肌(circular fibers) and dilator pupilla

3、e 瞳孔開(kāi)大肌 (radial fibers) Cornea and iris meet to form the iridocorneal angle 虹膜角膜角,Up,2、 睫狀體Cilliary body Body a ring-shaped thickening anterior to equator, containing smooth muscle fibers睫狀突Ciliary processes a series of some 6080 projections producing aqueous humor 睫狀環(huán)Ciliary ring,Up,Up,3、脈絡(luò)膜Choroid

4、 Thin, highly vascular in posterior 2/3 of eye Contains brown pigmented cells and dense capillary plexus,Up,（三）視網(wǎng)膜或內(nèi)膜,視網(wǎng)膜盲部Pars caeca retina 視網(wǎng)膜虹膜部 Pars iridica retinae 視網(wǎng)膜睫狀體部 Pars ciliaris retinae 視網(wǎng)膜視部Pars optica retinae Lines the choroidsComposed of two layers An outer pigment cell layer Inner n

5、eural layer (four layers),Up,The fourth layer consists photoreceptor cells 視錐細(xì)胞Cone cells are color receptors that function best during the day 視桿細(xì)胞Rod cells are dark-light receptors that function best at night and in dim light The third layer consists of雙極細(xì)胞bipolar neurons The second layer is forme

6、d節(jié)細(xì)胞ganglion cells , whose axons form optic nerve The first layer consists of nerve axons that collect at the optic disk and pass through the sclera to form the optic nerve,Up,視神經(jīng)盤(pán) Optic disc 黃斑M(jìn)acula lutea 中央凹Fovea centralis,Up,二、眼球的內(nèi)容物Contents of eyeball,房水Aqueous humor,晶狀體Lens,玻璃體Vitreous body,Up

7、,（一）眼房和房水,1、眼房Chamber of eye 2、房水 Aqueous humor A clear watery fluid that fills chamber of eye Continuously secreted by ciliary body into posterior chamber Passes through pupil into anterior chamber,Up,睫狀體產(chǎn)生,后房,前房,鞏膜靜脈竇,睫前靜脈,眼靜脈,Production and circulation of aqueous humor,Functions,Helps focus light

8、,Helps maintain constant pressure in eyeball,Helps nourish the lens and cornea,Up,（二）晶狀體Lens,Transparent biconvex structure, covered by an elastic transparent capsule Located between iris and vitreous body, and suspended behind pupil by睫狀小帶ciliary zonule Shape changed by the ciliary muscle: for near

9、 vision, the ciliary muscle contracts and the lens rounds up, while for distant vision the lens flattens out, so that the eye may be focused on distant objects,Up,(三）玻璃體Vitreous body,Consists of colorless, transparent jelly-like substance in which there is a meshwork of fine fibrils, occupies the vi

10、treous chamber, the space between lens and retina Helps maintain the shape of eyeball and supports the retina,Up,折光裝置Refractive media of eye,Bend entering light waves and focus them on the retina 角膜Cornea 房水 Aqueous humor 晶狀體Lens 玻璃體Vitreous body,Up,Up,第二節(jié)眼副器Accessory organs of eye,一、眼瞼Eyelids,二、結(jié)膜C

11、onjunctiva,三、淚器Lacrimal apparatus,四、眼球外肌Ocular muscles,Connective tissue in the orbit,Up,一、眼瞼Eyelids,（from without inwards ） Skin, extremely thin Subcutaneous areola tissue, loose and delicate Muscular layer: orbicularis oculi 瞼板Tarsus , formed by dense connective tissue in which the瞼板腺tarsal glands

12、 embedded Lined by瞼結(jié)膜 palpebral conjunctiva Function: to protect, open, and close eye,Up,瞼板Tarsus,Up,二、結(jié)膜Conjunctiva,Three parts 瞼結(jié)膜Palpebral conjunctiva : lining inner surface of eyelids 球結(jié)膜Bulbar conjunctiva : lining anterior part of sclera, up to corneal margin 結(jié)膜穹Conjuntival fornix (superior and

13、 inferior): line of reflection of bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva 結(jié)膜囊Conjunctival sac,Up,三、淚器Lacrimal apparatus,（一）淚腺Lacrimal gland Oval 2-cm, occupies fossa for lacrimal gland Ducts (610 in number): empty into anterior region of superior fornix of conjunctiva Secrets tears, which move across eyeba

14、ll to medial angle,protect and moisten eye,Up,淚道Lacrimal passages Lacrimal puncta 淚點(diǎn) opening to lacrimal ductules, one on each eylid margin near medial angle （二）淚小管Lacrimal ductules one in each lid, pass medially, join and enter lacrimal sac 淚囊 Lacrimal sac within fossa for lacrimal sac, opening int

15、o nasolacrimal duct （三）鼻淚管Nasolacrimal duct,Up,四、眼球外肌Ocular muscles,Up,四、眼球外肌Ocular muscles,Up,Up,五、眶脂體與眶筋膜,眼球筋膜鞘: Sheath of eyeball a thin membrane, which surrounds the eyeball from optic nerve to corneoscleral junction, permits the eyeball to move in the orbit without friction 眶脂體Adipose body of o

16、rbit : lies between sheath of eyeball and the orbit acts as a protective cushion and shock sorber for the eyeball,Up,第三節(jié) 眼的血管和神經(jīng),一、眼動(dòng)脈Ophthalmic artery 1、視網(wǎng)膜中央動(dòng)脈 Enters optic nerve, passes toward the optic disk and then fans out to supply the retina,Up,Four branches: superior and inferior nasal or temporal arteriole of retina,Up,二、眼靜脈Ophthalmic vein Superior ophthalmic vein communicates with facial vein anteriorly,