第十二章英語難句和長句的翻譯.ppt

1、第十二章 英語難句和長句的翻譯,一、 英漢翻譯中譯文句式的重組 1This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below. 買賣雙方同意按下列條款購買、出售下述商品，并簽訂本合同。(動作的發(fā)出者譯為主語),2. But without

2、Adolf Hitler, who was possessed of a demoniac personality, a granite will, uncanny instincts, a cold ruthlessness, a remarkable intellect, a soaring imagination and-until toward the end, when drunk with power and success, he over reached himself-an amazing capacity to size up people and situations,

3、there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich. 然而,如果沒有阿道夫希特勒， 那就幾乎可以肯定不會有第三帝國。因為阿道夫希特勒有著惡魔般的性格、花崗巖般的意志、不可思議的本能、無情的冷酷、杰出的智力、深遠的想象力以及對人和對局勢的判斷力。這種判斷力最后由于權(quán)力和勝利沖昏了頭腦而自不量力，終于弄巧成拙。,分析：這個句子由一個主句，一個非限定性定語從句和一個狀語從句組成。插入主句中間的是一個由who引導的非限定性定語從句。這個從句較長，句中又插入了一個用破折號分開的，由until引導時間狀語從句。這個狀語從句對非限定性定語從句

4、的后面部分作了些補充說明，因而，雖然具有相對的獨立意義，仍可根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，將該句譯文置于句尾。（全句有兩層主要意思：如果沒有阿道夫希特勒， 那就幾乎可以肯定不會有第三帝國；希特勒在性格、智力、能力等方面具有的某些特點。原文各句的邏輯關(guān)系和表達順序與漢語大致一致，但因從句是插入成分，和漢語表達習慣不同，所以，翻譯時順中有逆，可以綜合處理/重組,3. Applied science, on the other hand, is directly concerned with the application of the working laws of pure science to the pra

5、ctical affairs of life, and to increasing mans control over his environment, thus leading to the development of techniques, processes and machines. 應用科學則直接涉及應用問題。它研究的是如何將純科學的工作定律應用于實際生活、應用于加強人類對其周圍環(huán)境的控制，從而導致新技術(shù)、新工藝和新機器的產(chǎn)生。,二、順譯法 1. It was on a Sunday evening, when he was lying in the orchard listeni

6、ng to a blackbird and composing a love poem that he heard the gate swing to, and saw the girl coming running among the trees, with the red-cheeked, stolid Joe in swift pursuit. 一個星期日的傍晚，他正躺在果園里，一面在聽畫眉鳥的啁啾，一面寫一首愛情詩，忽然聽得大門砰地關(guān)上，接著看見那姑娘從樹叢里奔來，后面飛跟著那呆頭呆腦的紅臉的喬。 分析：這個句子是由一個強調(diào)句（時間），一個狀語從句和二個現(xiàn)在分詞短語表示伴隨的時間狀語，

7、還有一個介詞短語。,2. Four scores and seven years ago our father brought fourth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and the proposition that all men are created equal. 87年前，我們的先輩們在這個大陸上創(chuàng)立了一個新的國家，它以自由為立國之本，奉行所有人生來平等的原則。,三、倒置法（按照漢語的邏輯順序進行翻譯） 1. And he know how ashamed he would have been if h

8、e had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born. 他出生在這樣一類人中間，他出生在這種地方，他有這樣的母親；這些要是讓他知道了的話，他知道該多么丟人。 分析：這個句子由一個賓語從句，一個條件從句（在從句中的主語用and連接另外兩個名詞詞組作賓語）和兩個定語從句。,2. In reality, the lines of division between sciences are becoming blurred, and

9、 science again approaching the “unity” that it had two centuries agoalthough the accumulated knowledge is enormously greater now, and no one person can hope to comprehend more than a fraction of it. 雖然現(xiàn)在積累起來的知識要多得多，而一個人也只可能了解其中的一小部分，但事實上，各科學之間界線卻變得模糊不清，科學再次近似于兩百年前那樣的“單一整體”。,3. And I take heart from

10、the fact that enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way. 吹噓能在幾小時內(nèi)就能占領(lǐng)戰(zhàn)略要地的敵人,由于一路受到頑強抵抗,甚至還沒有能占領(lǐng)外圍地帶.這一事實使我增強了信心.,四、分譯法（拆譯） 1.When Smith was drunk, he

11、used to beat his wife and daughter; and the next morning, with a headache, he would rail at the world for its neglect of his genius, and abuse, with a good deal of cleverness, and sometimes with perfect reason, the fools, his brother painters. 史密斯喝醉之后常常打老婆和女兒； 第二天帶著頭痛發(fā)牢騷， 抱怨世人不能賞識他的才華。他痛罵同行的畫家都是糊涂蟲。

12、話很尖刻，有時候也有道理。 分析：這個句子由一個主從復合句（即狀語從句）， 一個由And連接起來另一個句子和二個由引起的介詞短語作狀語。,2. Article I of the GATT is the celebrated most favored nation (MFN) clause under which each member nation must give treatment to other member nations imports and exports that is at least as favorable as that applied to the most fa

13、vored nation. 關(guān)稅及貿(mào)易總協(xié)定的第一條是著名的最惠國條款，每一個成員國給予其他成員國的進出口貨物的待遇至少和給予最惠國的待遇同樣的優(yōu)惠。,3. The foreign visitors watched in a fascinated manner the tournament held in Beijing, which exhibited a superb performance in smash service, twist service, steady service, high drop and killing and ended in a draw. 外賓觀看了在北京

14、舉行的這場錦標賽。這場比賽在發(fā)扣球、轉(zhuǎn)球、 保險球、吊球和扣殺方面技術(shù)都十分精湛，最后打成了平局。他們看得簡直人了迷。,五、練習 1.They (The poor)are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty. 2. The United Nations Secretary Genera

15、l say he is sure the Security Council will approve the agreement with Iraq about UN arms inspectors.,3. A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of Beat

16、 Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties. 4. My mother, Jane Lampton Clements, died in her 88th year, a mighty age for one who at 40 was so delicate of body as to be accounted a confirmed invalid destined to pass soon away.,5. The first technical service shall start in the sixth day after

17、the contract comes into effect. Party B shall send a specialist to Party As factory to provide technical service for 12 working day/man. 6.All these features are accessible to visitors to the Palace(of nations) who come each year in their tens of thousands from many countries to find out more about

18、a place where history is continually in the making and where efforts to preserve world peace and security are renewed every day.,7.And without question, we must do more to counter a threat that shows more clearly than any other how closely our nations facts are linked:the threat of global warming. 8

19、.Freedom of choice is another American value not absent from school life. 9.He couldnt kill any more. 10.But our growing interdependence hinges on much more than technology and trade.,五、練習 1. They (The poor)are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-p

20、ower jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty. 對于以往的幾代人來說，舊式的體力勞動是一種用以擺脫貧苦的手段，而技術(shù)的進步則摧毀了窮人賴以為生的體力勞動。因此，首先體驗到技術(shù)進步之害的是窮人。（重組）,2. The United Nations Secretary General say he is sure the Security Council will approve the agreement with Iraq about UN arms inspector

21、s. 聯(lián)合國秘書長說他確信安理會會批準與伊拉克達成的有關(guān)聯(lián)合國武器核查人員的協(xié)議。（順譯）,3. A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties. 50年

22、代后期的美國出現(xiàn)了一個真正的奇觀： 窮知識分子以“垮掉的一代”這種頗為浪漫的姿態(tài)出現(xiàn)而成為美國的典型的窮人。正是在這個時候大批大學畢業(yè)生被趕進了知識分子貧民窟。（倒置）,4. My mother, Jane Lampton Clements, died in her 88th year, a mighty age for one who at 40 was so delicate of body as to be accounted a confirmed invalid destined to pass soon away. 我的母親簡.蘭普頓.克來門斯是在她88歲那年去世的。這對于一位40

23、歲就身體纖弱、被公認有痼疾纏身注定不久于人世的人來說，是難得的高齡。,5. The first technical service shall start in the sixth day after the contract comes into effect. Party B shall send a specialist to Party As factory to provide technical service for 12 working day/man. 第一次技術(shù)服務應始于本合同生效之日起第六天.乙方應派遣一名技術(shù)人員赴甲方工廠,提供12 工作人/日的技術(shù)指導。,6.All

24、these features are accessible to visitors to the Palace (of nations) who come each year in their tens of thousands from many countries to find out more about a place where history is continually in the making and where efforts to preserve world peace and security are renewed every day. 每年有成千上萬的各國游客參

25、觀萬國宮(此處也指 “日內(nèi)瓦的國際新聞中心”)，所有這些項目都向他們開放，讓他們更多地了解這個不斷書寫歷史新篇章、每天都為維護世界和平與安全做出新努力的場所。（根據(jù)漢語的習慣，可以將其斷為四個短句/ 也叫重組）,7.And without question, we must do more to counter a threat that shows more clearly than any other how closely our nations facts are linked:the threat of global warming. 毫無疑問，我們還必須作出更大的努力來對抗全球變暖

26、的威脅，這個威脅最能清楚地體現(xiàn)各國的命運是如何緊緊相連。（由于that 引導的定語從句長，把它放在所修飾名詞的后面更符合漢語的習慣。）,8.Freedom of choice is another American value not absent from school life. 選擇的自由是體現(xiàn)在學校生活中的另一個美國價值觀。 is not absent from譯為：“體現(xiàn)在學校生活中”這是翻譯中典型的反面著筆法，采取這個譯法時被反面處理的可以是詞、短語甚至整個句子。用這種譯法是因為無法照原文的角度翻譯，所以只能掉轉(zhuǎn)方向，從另一個角度著手。（請看第9題） 9.He couldnt ki

27、ll any more. 他已經(jīng)惡貫滿盈了。（請看第10題）,10.But our growing interdependence hinges on much more than technology and trade. 但我們之間日益相互依賴的絕不只是科技與貿(mào)易而已。 hinge on 依而定。取決于 much more than通過反向翻譯法譯為“不只是”，更符合漢語的習慣。,第十三章 語境對譯文詞義及句子意義的制約,一、語境及其作用 （課文P.115） 語境是語言活動在一定的時間和空間里所處的境況。人們在言語交際的過程中要想順利地交流思想和理解話語始發(fā)者的信息，必須運用語言所依賴的各

28、種表現(xiàn)為言辭的上下文或不表現(xiàn)為言辭的主觀環(huán)境因素，這里所謂的上下文和主客觀環(huán)境因素就是語境。例如：（下面幾個四、六級選擇題）,1. Their diplomatic principles completely laid bare their for world conquest. A. admiration B. ambition C. administration D. orientation （2001.1.33） 以上四個選項均為名詞。A. 欽佩，贊美；B. 野心，雄心，志氣；C. 管理，經(jīng)營；D. 朝向，定位。根據(jù)上下文laid bare 和world conquest 來分析B項與題

29、意相符。全句意為：“他們的外交政策完全暴露了他們征服世界的野心?！?2. For many patients, institutional care is the most and beneficial form of care. A. pertinent B. appropriate C. acute D. persistent (2000.6.41) A. 有關(guān)的，中肯的；B.適當?shù)模m合的；C. 敏銳的，急性的；D. 持續(xù)的。根據(jù)上下文句中patients（病人）和 form of care.（護理方式） 的意義來看，只有B項符合題意。即“對于許多病人來說，慈善機構(gòu)的護理是最合適并且最有

30、益的一種護理方式?！?3. The design of this auditorium shows a great deal of . We have never seen such a building before. A. orientation B. originality C. illusion D. invention (2003. 6.) A.位置；方向；B.創(chuàng)造性；獨特性；C. 幻覺；幻影；D. 創(chuàng)造；發(fā)明。 由第二個句子：“We have never seen such a building before.（我們從未見過這樣的建筑）” 為線索，抓住題意，可知B.為正確答案。,二

31、、英漢詞語特征比較1. 英語詞語的特征 （1）英語是拼音文字 （2）一詞多義性 例如“l(fā)ast”這一形容詞： 1) He is the last man to come. 2) He is the last man to do it. 3) He is the last person for such a job. 4) He should be the last (man) to blame. 5) He is the last man to consult. 6) This is the last place where I expected to meet you.,1) He is t

32、he last man to come.他是最后來的。 2) He is the last man to do it.他決不會干那件事。 3) He is the last person for such a job.他最不配干這個工作。 4) He should be the last (man) to blame. 怎么也不該怪他。 5) He is the last man to consult. 根本不宜找他商量。 6) This is the last place where I expected to meet you. 我怎么也沒料到會在這個地方見到你。,（3）一詞多詞性 例如“

33、but”一詞： （試著翻譯下列幾個句子） He would like to go, but hes busy. There s no one here but me. The job is all but finished. Not a man but had tears in his eyes. Im tired of your ifs and buts. Do what I tell you. But me no buts.,1）but用作conj.(連) 但是，而是；可是；但也，同時 He would like to go, but hes busy. 他很想去，可是很忙。 2）“but

34、”用作prep.(介詞) “除外” There s no one here but me.除我以外，沒人在這兒。 3）“but”用作adv.(副詞)“只是，剛剛；而且；幾乎” The job is all but finished.這工作差不多完成了。 4）but用作pron.(代) “thatnot;whonot 接于否定詞后) Not a man but had tears in his eyes.(= There was no one without tears in his eyes.) 沒有誰眼睛不含著淚水的。 5）“but”用作n.（名詞） ifs and buts (inf.)

35、“借口；托詞”(非正式用語) Im tired of your ifs and buts. Do what I tell you. 你的托詞我聽厭了，照著我的話作就是了。 But me no buts.不要更我辯，不要找借口。,2. 漢語詞語的特征 （1）一字一詞 （2）一個字代表幾個詞 例如“事”：漢語中“事”的基本意義與英語中“matter, affair, thing, business”等詞相近。但在不同的上下文中，此句會有各種不同的含義。 1）遇事和大家商量。 Consult the masses when problems arise. 這里“遇事”的“事”，實際上是“有待解決的問

36、題”，因此譯為problems,2）農(nóng)民所做的事很多農(nóng)民在農(nóng)民協(xié)會領(lǐng)導之下總共做了十四件大事，如下所記。（毛澤東選集一卷，22頁） The peasants have done a great many things the peasants under the leadership of the peasant associations have the following fourteen great achievements to their credit. 本句中第一個“事”用的是它的一般意義，譯做things。第二個“事”是指農(nóng)民協(xié)會所 取得的光輝業(yè)績，故把它譯成achievemen

37、ts。 （3）幾個字不是一個詞,三、原文語境制約譯文詞義、句義的選擇1. 原文語境規(guī)約譯文詞義的選擇 由于語境的不同和詞的上下文搭配不同，也導致一個詞有不同的翻譯。 （1）To take off her boots or to put them on was an agony to her but it had been an agony for years. 脫鞋或穿鞋對她是一種痛苦，但這已經(jīng)是多年以來的痛苦了。,（2）An area the size of the Hornets flight deck was marked off on an airstrip and they prac

38、ticed taking off time after time from this restricted space. 在機場上標出了與大黃蜂號甲板一樣大小的一塊地方，他們一次又一次地練習從這樣一塊有限的面積上起飛。 （3）He always sits on the very edge of his chair when he is working ,as though about to take off. 他工作的上時候，總是坐在椅子邊上，好象隨時都會跳起來的樣子。,（4）Their first major design was a pleated denim jean with exte

39、rnal pockets dubbed “baggies” that took off in high school and colleges and soon was imitated by other apparel manufacturers; 他們的頭一項重要設(shè)計是一種打褶的、縫上明袋的藍色斜紋粗布褲，這種褲子人們稱為“袋子”，在中學和大學中首先流行，接著別的服裝商店也都很快仿制起來。,2. 原文語境規(guī)約譯句子的意義（詞的內(nèi)涵及外延不一樣） (1) She has a son you know. Hes a man now. 你知道，她有個兒子，現(xiàn)已長大成人了。（句中man表示“成年男

40、人”） (2) They cant stay in the same room if they are not man and wife. 如果他們不是夫妻，就不能同住一屋。（句中man意為丈夫） (3) Very well sir, you are the master and Im the man. 是的，先生，您是主人，我聽從您的吩咐。（句中man意為仆人，隨從）,3. 原文語境賦予譯文表達以巨大的靈活性和多樣性 下面以“figure”為例 (1) The foreign trade has risen to unprecedented figures. 對外貿(mào)易的數(shù)字有了空前的增漲。

41、(2) Dr. Eliot was one of the most revered figures in the world of learning. 埃利奧特博士是學術(shù)界最受尊敬的人物之一。 (3) On the desk there was a bronze figure of Plato. 書桌上有一尊柏拉圖的銅像 (4) He saw dim figures moving towards him. 他隱隱約約看見一些人影在向他跟前移動。 (5) June was good at figure skating. 瓊善于花式溜冰。,四、練習 1. Translating the short

42、 passage in page 121 2. Preparing the chapter fourteen 3. 翻譯下列句子，注意劃線部分詞的譯法。 1）他的英語水平比我的高。 2）各級領(lǐng)導干部必須提高領(lǐng)導水平。 4。語意環(huán)境選擇答案 1）After three months training these students can interpret what they have observed. A. irrespectively: B. perpetually： C. explicitly： D. capably：,2）The exhibition is designed to fu

43、rther cooperation between Chinese TV industry and overseas TV industries. A. maximize B. contribute： C. facilitate： D. erect 3） . A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is terrible pain, which can no longer be satisfactorily . A. alleviated: B. dwindled： C. abolished： D. relaxed：,1

44、）他的英語水平比我的高。 He knows more English than I. 這里，漢語“水平”一詞雖未譯出，但其意已暗含在句子之中，因此就不言而喻了。 2）各級領(lǐng)導干部必須提高領(lǐng)導水平。 Cadres at all levels should improve their art of leadership. 這里的“領(lǐng)導水平”，實際上指領(lǐng)導能力，領(lǐng)導藝術(shù)，故譯作art of leadership。,4) Many observers believe that country will remain in a state of chaos if it fails to solve it

45、s food shortage problem. A. transient B. starving C. desperate D. chronic 5) His strange behavior greatly me and my friends as well that evening. A. perplexed： B. exhausted： C. exclaimed： D. exceeded,1)After three months training these students can interpret what they have observed. A. irrespectivel

46、y:不考慮地， 不顧地。 B. perpetually：永久地。 C. explicitly：明確地，同義詞為clearly。 D. capably：有能力地，與句中can在意思上重復 答案 C,2) The exhibition is designed to further cooperation between Chinese TV industry and overseas TV industries. A. maximize 使最大化。 B. contribute：為作貢獻，接介詞 to 。 C. facilitate：促進，推進。 D. erect：建立，不說 erect coope

47、ration，而說 establish cooperation . 答案 C,3) A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is terrible pain, which can no longer be satisfactorily . A. alleviated:減輕痛苦；緩和。 B. dwindled：逐漸變小或減少。 C. abolished：廢除；取消。 D. relaxed：松弛；放松。 答案 A.,4. Many observers believe that country will remain in a

48、 state of chaos if it fails to solve its food shortage problem. A. transient暫短的；易逝的。 B. starving 饑餓的。 C. desperate 拚命的；不顧一切的 D. chronic（指疾病或情況）延續(xù)性的；慢性的。 答案 D,5. His strange behavior greatly me and my friends as well that evening. A. perplexed：使困惑；使費解。 B. exhausted：使筋疲力盡。 C. exclaimed：呼喊；驚叫。 D. excee

49、ded：超過；勝過。 答案： A,第十四章 英漢語言的對比與翻譯,英漢兩種語言之間異多于同，本章主要就英漢兩種語言各自的銜接手段以及英語的形合同漢語的意合進行對比。談到銜接（conhesion）手段，我們馬上就會將它同語篇聯(lián)系在一起。商務英語的語篇也主要是依靠語法銜接和詞匯銜接這兩種手段組成的。（閱讀課文P.123-125） 銜接（conhesion）詞語可劃分下面幾種類型：,1照應（閱讀課文P.123-125） 2詞匯銜接（閱讀課文P.123-125） 1）Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears.(指代) 杰西睜開眼睛，眼里充滿了

50、淚水。 2）Come to my office and have a talk with me whenever you are free.（關(guān)系副詞） 你什么時候有空，就什么時候到我辦公室來談一談。 3）On Sunday afternoon, some reviewed their lessons, and others helped the cooks in their work.（用some and others，someothers連用的句子） 星期日下午，復習功課的復習功課，幫廚的幫廚。 3連接（閱讀課文P.123-125）例如：,Nowadays, under the new t

51、uition system, an increasing number of students, especially those poverty-stricken students, now seem to be defeated by the crushing tuition burden. Therefore , many people complain that the new tuition system keeps poverty-stricken students away from college. However , in my opinion, the new tuitio

52、n system does add much difficulties to the poor students but it will never keeps them away from college. First, in carrying out the new tuition system, the governmental should provide some special policy for poor student. Besides, they are entitled to take a loan from banks or do some part-time jobs

53、 during their spare time, such as weekends and holidays. Finally, they can try to win scholarship by additional efforts. In short , man proposes, and God disposes. No one will be kept out of college due to financial burden unless he is defeated by himself. 上面的一段話使用的是過度銜接詞,4替代 例如： 1）Ours will no long

54、er be a nation subject to insult and humiliation. We have stood up. (ours名詞性替代) 我們的民族將再也不是被人侮辱的民族了，我們已經(jīng)站起來了。 2）You should help him since you have promised to do so.（do動詞性替代） 你答應了幫助他就應當幫助他。 3）The Chinese people are brave, so is the Communist Party of China, and they are determined to liberate all Chi

55、na.（so替代表語） 中國人是勇敢的，中國共產(chǎn)黨也是勇敢的，他們一定要解放全中國。,5.省略（本書第四章講過增詞和減詞） 1）Reading makes a full man; conference () a ready man, writing () an exact man. 讀書使人充實，討論使人機智，寫作使人準確。(漢譯時增補原文句子中所省略的動詞。) 2）We dont retreat, we never have () and never will () . 我們不后退，我們從沒有后退過，將來也決不后退。(漢譯時增補原文句子中所省略的動詞。),3）Better be wise b

56、y the defeat of others than by your own. 從別人的失敗中吸取教訓比從時自己的失敗中吸取教訓更好。 （漢譯時增補原文比較句中所省略部分。 原文全句應是：It is better to be wise by the defeat of others tan to be wise by the defeat of your own.）,4) He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing. 他聳聳（）肩，搖搖（）頭， （）兩眼看天，一句話不說。 （英語中

57、的物主代詞，漢譯時往往可以省略。） 5) There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead. 天未下雪，但葉落草枯。（如果不省略而譯成“樹葉從樹上落下來，草也枯死了”，就遠不如“葉落草枯” 簡明洗煉。）,6。練習 1）He sat, cursing himself, till his tea was stewed. 2) His telescope nd his experiments were always bring him new surprises, and he made notes

58、of his work every day.,1）He sat, cursing himself, till his tea was stewed. 他坐著咒罵自己，直到把茶煮濃了。(省略his) 2) His telescope nd his experiments were always bring him new surprises, and he made notes of his work every day. 他的望遠鏡和實驗總是給他帶來驚奇的新發(fā)現(xiàn)，他每天都把這種工作情況記錄下來。(省略and ),第十五章 英語重形合與漢語重意合對比,一、以形合為特點的英語同以意合為特點的漢語

59、對比 在所有的語言中,句子的內(nèi)部連接或外部連接幾乎都不外乎使用三種手段: 句法手段、詞匯手段和語義手段。使用前兩種手段進行句子連接的語言被稱為以形合（hypotaxis）為特點的語言，使用后一種手段進行句子連接的語言被稱為以意合（parataxis）為特點的語言。,例如： 1It was a keen disappointment that I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January. 我原打算一月份訪問中國，后來不得不推遲，這使我非常失望。 原文充分展示了英語綜合性語言的特征，即句法、詞匯和語義手段開門見山（It was a keen disappointment）；借助從句（that 和which從句）進行解釋說明；利用詞的曲折變化實現(xiàn)語法關(guān)系（had to postpone ，had intended）。 譯文按時間