英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)四講座2.ppt

1、TEM4 Analysis,- NiuQiang,Dont be discouraged; its often the last key in the bunch that opens the lock.,March 4th,2014,2014年英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試要求,聽(tīng)力理解： (a)考試時(shí)間約15分鐘。 (b)能聽(tīng)懂VOA和BBC國(guó)際新聞的主要內(nèi)容。 (c)能聽(tīng)懂英語(yǔ)國(guó)家人士關(guān)于日常生活、社會(huì)生活的講演或交談和難度相當(dāng)于TOEFL中的minitalk等中等難度聽(tīng)力材料，理解中心大意，抓住主要論點(diǎn)或情節(jié)，能根據(jù)所聽(tīng)材料進(jìn)行推理和分析。,Cloze,Everyone knows that tax

2、ation is necessary in a modern state: Without it, itwould not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us；northe workers in government offices wholook afterour health, our food, our water, and all the other things that we cannot do for ourselves.By means oftaxation, we pay for thing

3、s that we need justas much aswe need somewhere to live and something to eat.Butthough everyone knows that taxation is necessary, different people have different ideas abouthowtaxation should be arranged.,In most countries, a direct tax onpersons, which is called income tax,exists. It is arranged in

4、such awaythat the poorest people pay nothing, and the percentage of tax growslargeras the taxpayers income grows. In England, for example, the tax on the richest peoplegoes upas high as ninety-five percent!Butcountries with direct taxation nearly always have indirect taxation too. Many things import

5、ed into the country have to pay taxes or “duties”. Of course, it is the men and womenwhobuy these imported things in the shops who really have to pay the duties, in theformof higher prices. In some countries,too, there is a tax on things sold in the shops. If the most necessary things are taxed, a l

6、ot of money is collected, but the poor people suffer most. If unnecessary thingslikejewels and fur coats are taxed, less money is got but the tax isfairer, as the rich pay it.,Look after: 1.to take care of someone by helping them, giving them what they need,or keeping them safe 照顧，照料 2.to be respons

7、ible for dealing with something負(fù)責(zé)處理,As,as可以作連詞、介詞及關(guān)系代詞。現(xiàn)將其用法小結(jié)如下: 一、as作連詞的用法: 1.作當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。注意與when、while的用法區(qū)別。 when作當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候解,可以指較短的(一點(diǎn))時(shí)間,也可指一段時(shí)間。如: Whenhewasatcollege,hecouldspeakseveralforeignlanguages.（表示一段時(shí)間） Whentheclockstrucktwelve,allthelightsinthestreetwentout.（表示時(shí)刻） while常表示一段較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間或一個(gè)過(guò)程,強(qiáng)調(diào)

8、主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。如: Workwhileyouwork.Playwhileyouplay. 但屬下列情形時(shí),只用as,而不用when或while。 A)用于表示同一個(gè)人的兩種動(dòng)作交替進(jìn)行,指一邊,一邊。如: Thegirldancesasshesingsonthestage. Helookedbehindfromtimetotime asshewentforward. B)表示兩個(gè)同步發(fā)展的動(dòng)作或行為,譯為隨著。如: Astimewenton/by,shebecamemoreandmoreworried. Aschildrengetolder,theybecomemorea

9、ndmoreinterestedinthethingsaroundthem. C)表示兩個(gè)短促行為或事件幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。如: Ithoughtofitjustasyouopenedyourmouth. Justastheflyingwormhitherface,shegavealoudcry. D)后接名詞表示某一年齡段時(shí),用as。如: Asayoungman,hewasactiveinsports.,2.as=since,作既然、由于解,引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,常用來(lái)表示已為人們所知或顯而易見(jiàn)的原因或理由。如: As/Sinceyourenotfeelingwell,youmaystayathome

10、. Ashewasntreadyintime,wewentwithouthim. 3.as=inthewaythat,作像、按照的方式解,引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句。如: HespeaksEnglishasAmericansdo. Remember,youmustdoeverythingasIdo. 4.用于as.as.或notso/as.as.中,前一個(gè)as是副詞（副詞后面跟形容詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞）,后一個(gè)as是連詞（連詞后面可以跟動(dòng)詞、形容詞、句子）,引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句。如: Theyhelpedtheoldmanasoftenaspossible. IdontspeakEnglishso/aswella

11、shedoes. 5.作雖然、盡管解,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。常用倒裝語(yǔ)序,即adj./adv./n.+as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+主句。如: Tiredastheywere,theywalkedon. Childasheis,heknowsalot.(child前不用冠詞),二、as作關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,作正如、這一點(diǎn)解。如: Heisverycareful,ashisworkshows. Asiswell-known,TaiwanbelongstoChina. 另外,當(dāng)先行詞被thesame,such等詞修飾時(shí),常用as來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如: Suchacleverboyashecanlearnanythingquickly. Iwasreadingthesamebookasheboughtyesterda