四級(jí)寫(xiě)作_模板.ppt

1、四級(jí)寫(xiě)作,大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試大綱對(duì)寫(xiě)作的要求,教育部（2006修訂版）明確規(guī)定寫(xiě)作部分要求考生達(dá)到大學(xué)英語(yǔ)課程教學(xué)要求中的一般要求，即“能完成一般性寫(xiě)作任務(wù)，能描述個(gè)人經(jīng)歷、觀感、情感和發(fā)生的事件等，能寫(xiě)常見(jiàn)的應(yīng)用文，能就一般性話題或提綱在半小時(shí)內(nèi)寫(xiě)出至少120詞的短文，內(nèi)容基本完整，用詞恰當(dāng)，語(yǔ)意連貫。能掌握基本的寫(xiě)作技巧?！?評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),短文寫(xiě)作要求考生在30分鐘內(nèi)根據(jù)提綱寫(xiě)出一篇120詞以上的短文，本部分的得分占總分的15%，采用總分評(píng)分法（Global Scoring），從內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言兩個(gè)方面對(duì)作文進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)判。滿分為15分，共分五等：14分、11分、8分、5分及2分（注：四級(jí)作文在試卷總分

2、中占15%，改卷時(shí)按照作文總分15分來(lái)評(píng)改，然后經(jīng)過(guò)處理轉(zhuǎn)化為710分中的作文分?jǐn)?shù)）。各個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)檔的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下：,備注：閱卷人員根據(jù)閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)照樣卷評(píng)分，若認(rèn)為與某一分?jǐn)?shù)（如8分）相似，即定為該分?jǐn)?shù)（即8分）；若認(rèn)為稍優(yōu)或稍劣于該檔次，則可加分（即9分）或減1分（即7分），但不得加或減半分。 字?jǐn)?shù)不足按下表所示酌情扣分：,二、縱觀歷年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文題目，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，近年來(lái)的四級(jí)作文凸顯三大趨勢(shì)：,四級(jí)寫(xiě)作基本模式三段式,三、為了便于考生盡快掌握四級(jí)作文的寫(xiě)作方法，在此綜合歷年四級(jí)考試作文真題，重點(diǎn)介紹七類(lèi)常見(jiàn)的寫(xiě)作類(lèi)型。,. 對(duì)比選擇型 . 現(xiàn)象解釋型 . 原因闡釋型 . 問(wèn)題解決型 .

3、 應(yīng)用型 . 綜合敘事型 . 圖表型,. 對(duì)比選擇型特點(diǎn)及寫(xiě)作要求,對(duì)比選擇型議論文是大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試寫(xiě)作最常見(jiàn)的寫(xiě)作題型。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這類(lèi)議論文的通常是對(duì)一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或事物的正反兩方面或者兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)或事物進(jìn)行對(duì)比，從而引出主題，得出結(jié)論。在對(duì)兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)或事物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，主要運(yùn)用比較和對(duì)比兩種寫(xiě)作技巧。在四級(jí)考試中曾多次出現(xiàn)此類(lèi)議論文。,. 對(duì)比選擇型寫(xiě)作流程,第一段：簡(jiǎn)介。(簡(jiǎn)單介紹某一現(xiàn)象或事物。) 第二段：主要對(duì)比觀點(diǎn)或事物。(分析某一觀點(diǎn)或事物的正反兩面，或比較兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)或事物。) 第三段：結(jié)論。(得出結(jié)論，或提出自己的看法。) 或者 第一段：主要觀點(diǎn)或事物甲。(簡(jiǎn)單提及某一現(xiàn)象

4、或事物，并分析該現(xiàn)象或事物的好處。) 第二段：主要觀點(diǎn)或事物乙。(分析該現(xiàn)象或事物的利弊。) 第三段：結(jié)論。(得出結(jié)論，或提出自己的看法。),. 對(duì)比選擇型句子模板,1. 對(duì)比不同觀點(diǎn)/對(duì)比法： When it comes to , peoples ideas/views/notions/opinions vary from person to person/from one to another. There is no consensus(共識(shí)) of opinions/there are some controversies/there is no agreement among peo

5、ple as to do /as to the view of . Whenever people , they will come across the problem of whether they should or , and it is natural for different opinions to arise. The general public has been debating whether or not .,. 對(duì)比選擇型句子模板,1. 對(duì)比不同觀點(diǎn)/對(duì)比法： Some people think we should . They say that . While ot

6、hers think otherwise .They argue that . Some people advocate that . Others hold the opposite opinion/adopt a totally different view/take an opposite side. They believe . Those in favor of believe/claim that . Those oppose to argue/hold/point out that . Everything has two sides and is not an exceptio

7、n, it has both advantages and disadvantages.,. 對(duì)比選擇型句子模板,2. 在兩種對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)中選擇一種觀點(diǎn)/表明自己的觀點(diǎn)： Were it left to me to decide whether we should , I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable/holds more weight. As for me, I agree to/prefer t

8、o the former/latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons behinds my belief. First of all, . Weighing up the arguments on both sides, Im inclined to believe that .,. 對(duì)比選擇型句子模板,2. 在兩種對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)中選擇一種觀點(diǎn)/表明自己的觀點(diǎn)： In my opinion/mind, we should . From my perspective/point of view, I think . Personally speaking, I

9、approve of . From what I have discussed above, I can draw the conclusion that .,【模板一】 1 Nowadays, wherever you go, you will hear people talk about . 2 Whether you like it or not, it had become a part of our life. 3 Some people who are in favor of maintain that . 4 In their view, . 5 While those who

10、are against argue that . 6 Besides, . 7 As far as I am concerned, I stand on the side of . 8 First of all, 9 Furthermore, . 10 Thirdly, . 11 Therefore, .,. 對(duì)比選擇型作文模板,【模板二】 1 Views/Opinion on (Attitudes towards) vary from person to person. 2 Some people think that . 3 They hold this opinion because (

11、they think) . 4 Others, however, take a negative / positive attitude to . (Others, nevertheless, are more pessimistic / optimistic about it). 5 From their point of view, . 6 Besides, . 7 In my opinion/Personally /From my point view /If asked my attitude, I am more in favor of . 8 I stand in / hold t

12、his attitude /opinion / view because . 9 Its true that , but it doesnt mean that . 10 Therefore / In a word/ In short, . 11 Instead, we should .,. 對(duì)比選擇型作文模板,. 現(xiàn)象解釋型特點(diǎn)及寫(xiě)作要求,現(xiàn)象闡釋型的作文通常先指明一種現(xiàn)象或提出一種觀點(diǎn)，然后對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行解釋，最后得出結(jié)論或發(fā)表個(gè)人見(jiàn)解。,. 現(xiàn)象解釋型寫(xiě)作流程,第一段：概述。(簡(jiǎn)要描述某一現(xiàn)象或某一觀點(diǎn)。) 第二段：具體闡述。(具體闡釋現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)的正確性或危害性等。) 第三段：個(gè)人

13、見(jiàn)解。(表明自己的態(tài)度或看法。) 或者 第一段：概述。(簡(jiǎn)單描述某一現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)。) 第二段：具體闡述。(具體闡述引起這種現(xiàn)象的或持有這種觀點(diǎn)考慮的主要因素。) 第三段：個(gè)人評(píng)價(jià)。(對(duì)現(xiàn)象或者觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。),. 現(xiàn)象解釋型句子模板,1. 分析原因： There are many/plenty of/ a number of/ numerous reasons explaining/ for . The reasons of lie in several aspects . Many factors contribute to . There are many reasons that many

14、 account for . The reasons for/why are as follows: . There are many reasons for it, but generally, they come down in three major ones.,. 現(xiàn)象解釋型句子模板,1. 分析原因： is mainly caused by . What caused these changes? . There are many factors that have stimulated this huge change. The reasons that caused changes

15、 are diverse. On the one hand, . On the other hand, . The rapid growth of owes much to .,. 現(xiàn)象解釋型句子模板,2. 總結(jié)歸納 / 說(shuō)明影響 / 表明作者態(tài)度 / 以作者個(gè)人為例： Through the analysis, we can draw a conclusion that . In short/ In brief, . To solve the problem of , we . From all the facts given above, we can see . Considering

16、all these /Taking all these into consideration/account, I believe . As to/for me, I believe . Take me as an example/In my own case, I .,【模板一】 1 In recent years, (描寫(xiě)現(xiàn)狀或趨勢(shì)). 2 This has caused a lot of problems. 3 First, (結(jié)果1). 4 For example, (細(xì)節(jié)，說(shuō)明結(jié)果1). 5 Second, (結(jié)果2). (細(xì)節(jié)，說(shuō)明結(jié)果2). 6 Finally, (結(jié)果3). (

17、細(xì)節(jié)，說(shuō)明結(jié)果3). 7 Since is such a serious problem, we should take effective measures to . 8 First, we should (措施1). 9 Besides, (措施2). 10 And finally, (措施3).,. 現(xiàn)象解釋型作文模板,【模板二】 1 At present/ In recent years/ Nowadays, (描寫(xiě)現(xiàn)狀或趨勢(shì)). 2 It may someday become the main trend when (進(jìn)一步描述這一現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)). 3 Three major elem

18、ents/factors would be taken into consideration when (doing sth). 4 First of all, (主要因素1). 5 Moreover, (主要因素2). 6 Last, (主要因素3). 7 From their perspective, . 8 Everything has both positive and negative aspects, and (這種現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)) is of no exception. 9 (這種現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)的正確性). 10 However, (這種觀點(diǎn)或現(xiàn)象的危害性).,. 現(xiàn)象解釋型作文模板,.

19、 原因闡釋型特點(diǎn)及寫(xiě)作要求,原因解釋型作文的重點(diǎn)在于探討產(chǎn)生某一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象或問(wèn)題的原因。近十年來(lái)，原因闡釋型議論文在四級(jí)考試中出現(xiàn)的并不多。,. 原因闡釋型寫(xiě)作流程,第一段：現(xiàn)象。(對(duì)某一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行描述。) 第二段：原因闡釋。(闡釋產(chǎn)生這一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的原因。) 第三段：評(píng)述或提出解決方法。(發(fā)表個(gè)人看法，或提出解決思路。),. 原因闡釋型句子模板,1. 一果多因： Why ? For one thing, . For another, . The answer to this problem involves many factors. For one thing, . For another,

20、 . Still another, . A number of factors, both physical and psychological affect/both individual and social contribute to . Another important factor is .,. 原因闡釋型句子模板,1. 一果多因： is also responsible for the change/problem. Certainly, the is not the sole reason for . The factors that contribute to include

21、 . You dont have to look very far to identify the reason that . Thanks to/ Owing to/Due to/Because of/As a result of .,. 原因闡釋型句子模板,2. 一因多果 It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on . It involves some serious consequence for . There are a number of dreadful consequence of . Perhaps the

22、 most serious/disastrous consequence is . It may cause/result in/lead to a host/number of problems. It leaves/involves some serious consequence of The immediate result it produce is . And perhaps the most obvious result of is .,. 原因闡釋型作文模板,1 Nowadays, we often hear that (提出現(xiàn)象). 2 This phenomenon is

23、not accidental, and there is social and individual background. 3 Why ? 4 For one thing, (原因1). 5 For another, (原因2). 6 For instance, (舉例說(shuō)明). 7 From that, 8 we . 9 As far as I am concerned, I agree that . 10 I think that (作者本人的觀點(diǎn)). 11 . 第三段或?yàn)椋? We should take measures to . 10 First, (措施1). Second, (措

24、施2). 11 Finally, (措施3).,. 問(wèn)題解決型特點(diǎn)及寫(xiě)作要求,問(wèn)題解決型的作文通常先說(shuō)明情況，提出問(wèn)題，隨后提出解決方法或處理方式，最后給予評(píng)價(jià)。,. 問(wèn)題解決型寫(xiě)作流程,第一段：引言。(描述現(xiàn)狀、形勢(shì)、提出問(wèn)題。) 第二段：解決方案。(提出解決問(wèn)題的方法。) 第三段：評(píng)價(jià)或個(gè)人選擇。(簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)價(jià)提及的方法，或選擇其中一、兩種自己認(rèn)為合適的方法并說(shuō)明理由。),. 問(wèn)題解決型句子模板,1. 提出問(wèn)題： Nowadays, with , more and more , which causes serious problem to . Nowadays, .It has become

25、 such a serious problem which has aroused the concern from . Recently, the problem of has become increasingly serious in . Today, with , a serious social problem has arisen .,. 問(wèn)題解決型句子模板,1. 提出問(wèn)題： Today, more and more people have realized that has become a very serious problem. Nowadays, there is gro

26、wing concern over . Currently, is being considered a major problem in .,. 問(wèn)題解決型句子模板,2. 解決問(wèn)題： To solve this problem, . As is known to all, there are many ways to . To put an end to this serious problem, in my opinion, several measures should be taken/adopted by . How can we solve this problem? I thin

27、k there are three approaches.,. 問(wèn)題解決型句子模板,2. 解決問(wèn)題： If you want to solve this problem, the following advice may be helpful. My suggestions to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows. In the first place, . Secondly . Finally . At first thought, the problem seems far too involved (復(fù)雜的), but

28、it can certainly be solved when seriously dealt with.,. 問(wèn)題解決型作文模板,1 Nowadays, great importance has been attached to (目前的現(xiàn)象及存在的問(wèn)題). 2 Many ways can contribute to (要解決的問(wèn)題), but the following ones may be effective. 3 First of all, (方法1). 4 Besides, (方法2). 5 Finally, (方法3). 6 In conclusion/ To sum up, t

29、he ways I have mentioned above should never be separated from each other. 7 (希望).,. 應(yīng)用型特點(diǎn)及寫(xiě)作要求,應(yīng)用文，就是在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中有實(shí)際應(yīng)用功能的文體，比如信函、通知、演講稿、導(dǎo)游詞、見(jiàn)證書(shū)等。應(yīng)用文是大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試中常見(jiàn)的考查內(nèi)容，與議論文、記敘文和說(shuō)明文相比，應(yīng)用型作文與生活、社會(huì)的聯(lián)系更加緊密，在格式、行文習(xí)慣等方面更講究規(guī)矩。因此，無(wú)論寫(xiě)哪些應(yīng)用型作文，都必須按其各自規(guī)范化的、約定俗成的格式來(lái)寫(xiě)，不能隨意改變格式。 下面主要介紹英文信函、通知、演講稿、導(dǎo)游詞的寫(xiě)作模板。,. 應(yīng)用型(信函) 句子模板,

30、1. 信函句子模板開(kāi)頭常用表達(dá)： Excuse me for not writing to you for so long a time. Your letter dated is at hand. Words cannot express my joy of receiving your letter of May 8th. I am writing to . I am very much delighted to inform you that . I have the pleasure to tell you that .,. 應(yīng)用型信函,2. 信函句子模板結(jié)尾常用套話： I send

31、you my best wished. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. All the luck in the world to you. Please give my best regards to your family/parents.,. 應(yīng)用型(信函)作文模板,同學(xué)間的日常信件作文模板： 1 Dear , 2 I am glad to know that . 3 As for , I suppose that can be a good choice for you. (首先用一句話來(lái)回應(yīng)收到的信，然后進(jìn)入此次寫(xiě)信的主題。) 4 .

32、 5 . 6 Whats more, .,. 應(yīng)用型(信函)作文模板,同學(xué)間的日常信件作文模板： 7 To , you are supposed to . 8 are also of great importance, . (對(duì)來(lái)信的第二問(wèn)題進(jìn)行答復(fù)) 9 Now lets talk about . 10 First of all, you should . 11 In addition, . (轉(zhuǎn)至第三個(gè)問(wèn)題) 12 If any further questions come to you, do not hesitate to write to me. 10 . Yours,. 應(yīng)用型(通

33、知) 作文模板,活動(dòng)通知作文模板： Volunteer Needed 1 With the approaching of (活動(dòng)日) , (組織者) is to organize and is now recruiting volunteers. 2 This program is planned to . 3 It aims to . 4 By participating in the activity, volunteers can . 5 Volunteers are expected to . 6 The program will be carried out . 7 are need

34、ed. 8 Fellow students who meet the requirements and want to take part in the activity, please call us at or email us at . 9 Come and join us!,. 應(yīng)用型(演講稿)作文模板,競(jìng)賽演講稿作文模板： A Campaign Speech 1 , (選擇一個(gè)合適的稱呼。) 2 Thank you for . 3 , 4 I am delighted to announce that . (演講詞常用開(kāi)場(chǎng)白套語(yǔ)。) 5 , I have always been co

35、nsidered as . 6 Meanwhile, . 7 . 8 In addition, if I get elected. (層次清楚地陳述自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)，突出重點(diǎn)) 9 . 10 If elected, I am confident that . 11 I will . (工作規(guī)劃的簡(jiǎn)要陳述，點(diǎn)到為止) 12 Thank you very much for your attention. (結(jié)束語(yǔ)套話),. 應(yīng)用型(導(dǎo)游詞)作文模板,導(dǎo)游解說(shuō)詞作文模板： 1 , 2 Welcome to . 3 First of all, Id like to introduce myself: I a

36、m , Its my honor to be here with all of you, and I wish you a wonderful trip today. (表示歡迎，自我介紹，開(kāi)場(chǎng)白套話。) 4 Here is the schedule of the day. 5 is the first place we are going to visit this morning. 6 Then will be our destination in the afternoon. (簡(jiǎn)要介紹行程安排，無(wú)需贅述。),. 應(yīng)用型(導(dǎo)游詞)作文模板,導(dǎo)游解說(shuō)詞作文模板： 7 Now we are

37、on the way . . . . (用三四句話介紹第一景點(diǎn)的概況，突出重點(diǎn)。) 8 Thats the introduction to . 9 If you have any questions, please dont hesitate to ask me. (結(jié)束語(yǔ)套話),. 綜合敘事型特點(diǎn)及寫(xiě)作要求,綜合敘事型文章是以記人敘事為主要內(nèi)容、以敘述為主要表達(dá)方式的文章。寫(xiě)這類(lèi)作文要綜合記敘、描寫(xiě)和議論等寫(xiě)作方法，既要交代時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事情的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和變化，也要分析事情發(fā)生的原因或?qū)懗鰝€(gè)人感受。,. 綜合敘事型寫(xiě)作流程,第一段：引出主題。(交待清楚事情發(fā)生的背景，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及人物等

38、。) 第二段：主體。(描述事情發(fā)生的起因、經(jīng)過(guò)和結(jié)果。) 第三段：事件分析。(分析事件發(fā)生的原因或者寫(xiě)出個(gè)人的感受。),. 綜合敘事型句子模板,1. 表示時(shí)間順序的連接詞： Early in the morning/In the early morning In the middle of the day/At noon Late in the afternoon/In the late afternoon Far/Deep into the night In the past; At present,; In the future First; Second; Next; Then; Fin

39、ally At first/In the beginning; At last/In the end Shortly afterwards/At once/Immediately/All of a sudden/Suddenly/Soon The moment /As soon as/The first time ; Not until, Next time , Before , After , etc.,. 綜合敘事型作文模板,1 It is (時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)) when (事件) took place. 2 (簡(jiǎn)單敘述一兩句). 3 I saw sight. 4 (描寫(xiě)情景，注意描寫(xiě)的順序).

40、 5 To begin with, . 6 And then, . 7 Eventually, . 8 As a consequence, (結(jié)束語(yǔ)). 9 In my opinion, three factors contribute to . 10 First, (原因1). 11 Second， (原因2). 11 Last , (原因3). 12 All these led to (結(jié)束語(yǔ)). 第三段或?yàn)橐韵履Ｊ剑?9 I do believe (個(gè)人感受).,. 圖表型特點(diǎn)及寫(xiě)作要求,圖表型作文要求根據(jù)圖表上的數(shù)據(jù)，找出所反映的某個(gè)趨勢(shì)或某一個(gè)問(wèn)題、現(xiàn)象，并對(duì)該問(wèn)題、趨勢(shì)所產(chǎn)生的原因

41、進(jìn)行分析。常見(jiàn)的圖表型作文有表格（table）、曲線圖（line chart）、條形圖/柱狀圖（bar chart）、餅形圖（pie chart）和圖片（picture）。 圖表型作文的寫(xiě)作誤區(qū)：有些考生習(xí)慣在第一段羅列所有數(shù)據(jù)，形式單調(diào)，沒(méi)有重點(diǎn)，篇幅又長(zhǎng)，容易讓人厭倦，而第二、三段受篇幅和時(shí)間限制，未能充分展開(kāi)。,. 圖表型寫(xiě)作注意事項(xiàng),寫(xiě)圖表型作文的注意事項(xiàng)： 1. 看懂并理解圖表的含義，這是寫(xiě)好圖表型作文的前提； 2. 選擇能充分說(shuō)明圖表主題的典型數(shù)據(jù)； 3. 根據(jù)分析結(jié)果和文章的題目寫(xiě)出各段的主題句并展開(kāi)論述。 合理的結(jié)構(gòu)安排是：第一段簡(jiǎn)明扼要，盡量少引數(shù)據(jù)，重在點(diǎn)明趨勢(shì)；二、三段的

42、分析是重點(diǎn)，應(yīng)展開(kāi)。,. 圖表型寫(xiě)作流程,第一段：描述圖表反映的總情況。(總體說(shuō)明圖表所反映的趨勢(shì)、問(wèn)題、現(xiàn)象，并選用典型數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。) 第二段：分析原因。(分析該問(wèn)題或該現(xiàn)象的原因或后果。) 第三段：結(jié)論。(提出解決問(wèn)題的辦法、建議或進(jìn)行展望。),. 圖表型句子模板,1. 圖表內(nèi)容總括性描述： As can be seen from the table, great changes have been taking place in . From the above table it can be seen that . As it is shown in the table, . Acc

43、ording to the graph, .,. 圖表型句子模板,1. 圖表內(nèi)容總括性描述： It is clear from the table that . The survey/study shows/suggests that . According to the figures given in the table . As you may see from the diagram, . The two charts above tell us something about .,. 圖表型句子模板,2. 圖表內(nèi)容具體數(shù)據(jù)變化描述： increase/decrease by 2. i

44、ncrease from to 3. increase steadily from 4. There was a marked increase in 5. There has been a rapid increase in 6. an increase of 7. decline in 8. four times as much as 9. amount to,. 圖表型句子模板,(2) 圖表內(nèi)容具體數(shù)據(jù)變化描述： 10. fall from to 11. appear stable 12. reach (+數(shù)字) 13. continue to grow 14. has been growing faster and faster since 15. less than 16. up to 17. compared with 18. the number of remains the same as ,. 圖表型句子模板,(3) 分析原因： 1. There are many/plenty of/ a number of/ numerous reasons explaining/ for . 2. The reasons of lie in several aspects . 3. Many factors contribute to . 4. There are