21世紀(jì)的管理趨勢(shì)-知識(shí)管理(ppt 40頁(yè)).ppt

1、Knowledge Management Research: A Personal Experience,T.P. Liang National Sun Yat-sen University November 7, 2006,.（.）,Importance of KM Research,The importance of knowledge in business Managing knowledge is a difficult and continuing process A challenging question: How can knowledge be managed proper

2、ly to improve firm performance?,知識(shí)管理是21世紀(jì)的管理趨勢(shì),資料、資訊、知識(shí)、智慧關(guān)係,內(nèi)隱知識(shí)與外顯知識(shí)的比較,.（.）,不同的知識(shí)特性,知識(shí)、智慧資本與企業(yè)價(jià)值,個(gè)人知識(shí)與組織知識(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換,Nonaka的知識(shí)成長(zhǎng)模式,.（.）,知識(shí)管理的基本工具,創(chuàng)造 分類/儲(chǔ)存 索引/檢索 過濾/篩選 導(dǎo)覽 使用分析 知識(shí)推薦,Research in Knowledge Management,Conceptual Knowledge management cycles Framework of knowledge management Technical KMS deve

3、lopment Knowledge recommendation Managerial Knowledge management implementation KM and performance,Major constructs of KM,Nature of knowledge Organizational environment Nature of organization Knowledge management activities and processes (cycles) KM platform: infrastructure and KMS Nature of users a

4、nd intermediaries Effect of KM on organizations,Sample Studies,Effect of Knowledge Diversity on Firm Performance Capability and Task Technology Fit on Individual Performance Personalization and Customer-Centric Systems,Effect of Knowledge Diversity on Firm Performance,Research Problem,Should an indu

5、stry focus on a few key categories of knowledge or a broad coverage of all knowledge in order to be competitive? Does the adoption of IT have any relationship with the value of knowledge and firm performance?,Ecological model in Organization,Hannon and Freeman (1989) proposed the ecological view of

6、organization that seeks to understand how social conditions affect the rates in which new organizations and new organizational forms arises, the rates at which organizations change forms, and the rates at which organizations die out.,.（.）,何謂生態(tài)學(xué)？,生態(tài)學(xué)（Ecology）是研究生物與其周圍環(huán)境相互關(guān)係的科學(xué)。亦即，生態(tài)學(xué)是研究在某一特定範(fàn)圍內(nèi)，生物與生物

7、之間、生物與環(huán)境之間相互影響關(guān)係的科學(xué)。 生態(tài)學(xué)亦可以被視為是一種巨觀的生物學(xué) 生態(tài)學(xué)以不同層次的角度觀察生物，包含： 個(gè)體（Organism） 物種（Species） 族群（Population） 群落（Community） 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)（Ecosystem）,生態(tài)學(xué)的DICE模式,基於生態(tài)學(xué)理論的歸納，生物族群在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的關(guān)係，主要可以分成分佈、互動(dòng)、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、演化四個(gè)階段，並形成一個(gè)循環(huán)，命名為DICE模式。,分佈（Distribution）,在研究的本質(zhì)上，生態(tài)學(xué)探討、描述生物體之間及生物體與環(huán)境之間的相互關(guān)係。 如何去描繪目前生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的狀況便是生態(tài)研究 的基礎(chǔ)。 生物分佈狀況或空間塑模（S

8、patial Modeling）： 以數(shù)學(xué)方法對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行描述，包含對(duì)於各個(gè)生物族群數(shù)量的計(jì)數(shù)、地理區(qū)域的分佈狀況。 生態(tài)研究的第一步工作。,分佈構(gòu)面的子構(gòu)面,族群的強(qiáng)度 族群強(qiáng)度在衡量不同族群之間的相對(duì)強(qiáng)度，藉以分析族群間的強(qiáng)弱關(guān)係並可定義它們之間的行為關(guān)係。一般而言，族群的強(qiáng)度可以利用族群的種類、族群內(nèi)生物體的個(gè)數(shù)、分佈區(qū)域、及在食物鏈上的關(guān)係等構(gòu)面來衡量，可用來描繪群落內(nèi)族群的分佈輪廓。 物種的多樣性 衡量群落內(nèi)物種的豐富程度，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)重要觀察指標(biāo)。 多樣性與穩(wěn)定性關(guān)係法則（Diversity-stability principle）,.（.）,A Knowledge Ecolo

9、gy,Basic species in a knowledge ecology is different types of knowledge that belong to the organization. The goal of KM is to build a mechanism by which a healthy balance of knowledge can be maintained for achieving superior performance.,Diversity vs. Stability,In ecological rules, the diversity-sta

10、bility relationship is a major principal, which says an ecology is more stable if it maintains a certain level of diversity. Similarly, we would like to examine whether the same rule holds in a knowledge ecology, ie, organizations with more diversified knowledge are more stable in performance.,Resea

11、rch Framework,Hypotheses (1),H1: Relationship Between IT and Knowledge Ecology H11: Higher IT capabilities support higher knowledge ecology H12: Higher IT capabilities support higher knowledge diversity,Hypotheses (2),Relationship between Knowledge diversity and firm performance H21: Higher knowledg

12、e intensity results in higher average performance H22: Higher knowledge intensity results in lower performance variations,Hypotheses (3),Relationship between knowledge diversity and firm performance Higher knowledge diversity results in lower average performance Higher knowledge diversity results in

13、 lower performance variations,.（.）,Criteria for Choosing Industries,Four industries were chosen based on their knowledge intensity and environmental uncertainty. Knowledge intensity is measured as the ratio of product price by the tangible costs (including material costs and depreciation of fixed as

14、sets). Environmental uncertainty is measured by the changes in technology (measured by the number and importance of patents) and product lifecycle.,The Chosen Industries,Twelve Knowledge Types,Twenty companies were chosen (five in each category) for study. Value chain activities are used to differen

15、tiate 12 categories of knowledge, such as raw material acquisition, product manufacturing, distribution, marketing, customer services, strategic planning, general management, financial management, quality management, human resource management, R&D, and IS management.,Data Collection,A group of exper

16、ts was invited to fill out the questionnaire for assessing the relative importance of a particular knowledge in an industry and the relative strength of the twelve types of knowledge among the companies A total of 58 responses were collected, among which 17 for semiconductor, 16 for IC Design, 15 fo

17、r banks, and 10 for steel.,Data measurement,IT capabilities: mean score on the IT capability question from experts Knowledge intensity: mean score of the other 11 types of knowledge Knowledge diversity: using the entropy to measure it Firm performance: Earnings per share in the past five years (mean

18、s and variance),Relative Importances,Data Reliability,.（.）,Results from Path Analysis,Industrial Differences,Effect of Knowledge Breadth,We choose different number of knowledge types and see how knowledge breadth would affect the hypotheses Stepwise analysis that removed one knowledge category ranked the least important by experts at a time, and repeated the path analysis for 9 times.,Models with Different Knowledge Spread,Effects of Knowledge Breadth by Industry,H21: knowledge intensity on performance,.（