知識(shí)點(diǎn)——過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ).ppt

1、,知識(shí)點(diǎn) 過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ),過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ),【知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析】,一、過(guò)去分詞的含義 過(guò)去分詞有“被動(dòng)”或“完成”的意思，及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，既表被動(dòng)也表示完成， 但有時(shí)只表被動(dòng)；不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞只表完成。如： a broken heart 一顆破碎的心（被動(dòng)和完成） a ploughed field 犁過(guò)的田地（被動(dòng)和完成） a risen sun 已升起的太陽(yáng)（完成） fallen leaves （落葉）（完成）,過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ),【知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析】,二、過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ) 1. 單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞一般作前置定語(yǔ)，即通常放在所修飾的名詞前，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)一般做后置定語(yǔ)，即通常放在所修飾

2、的名詞后。如： testified people the affected person ordinary people exposed to cholera. the river polluted by the dirty water from London,過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ),【知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析】,注意： 有些單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞，像left（剩余的 given（所給予的）concerned（有關(guān)的）等，習(xí)慣上用作后置定語(yǔ)。如： the money left 剩余的錢 the people concerned 有關(guān)人士 the time given 給出的時(shí)間 高考點(diǎn)擊 For breakfast

3、 he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm.（2009年北京） A. grown B. being grown C.to be grown D.to grow 答案：A,過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ),【知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析】,過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別，現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾名詞，區(qū)別主要表現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)間關(guān)系上。 1）在語(yǔ)態(tài)上不同：現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾詞之間構(gòu)成“主動(dòng)”，而過(guò)去分詞則構(gòu)成“被動(dòng)”。如：,過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ),【知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析】,surprising news 令人吃驚的消息 surprised listeners

4、 吃驚的聽(tīng)眾 an exciting movie 令人激動(dòng)的電影 excited children 激動(dòng)的孩子 注意： An excited expression appeared on his face, when he saw his mother.,News surprises listeners,Movie excited children,過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ),【知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析】,2）時(shí)間關(guān)系上不同：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作往往正在進(jìn)行中，而過(guò)去分詞則表示的動(dòng)作往往已經(jīng)完成。如： the changing world 正在發(fā)生變化的世界 the changed world 已經(jīng)改變

5、了的 developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家 developing countries 發(fā)展中國(guó)家 falling leaves 正在下落的葉子 fallen leaves 落葉 a rising sun 正在冉冉升起的太陽(yáng) a risen sun 已升起的太陽(yáng),過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ),【知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析】,3）判斷如何選擇過(guò)去分詞還是現(xiàn)在分詞，應(yīng)該考慮動(dòng)詞的詞性（及物還是不及物動(dòng)詞），而不要單從漢語(yǔ)角度考慮。 注意： dress, seat, fix, lose, devote, compare, tire等及物動(dòng)詞及remain, sit等不及物動(dòng)詞和taste（嘗起來(lái)），smell（

6、聞起來(lái)），sound（聽(tīng)起來(lái)），appear（看起來(lái)像），look（看起來(lái)）等系動(dòng)詞。,過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ),【知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析】,He, dressed in a white uniform, looks like more a cook than a doctor. Can the audience seated/sitting at the back of the classroom hear me? My mother, lost in thought, didnt hear us entering the room. The desserts tasting very delicious

7、 are cocked by my mother. The theory remaining to be proved was put forward by Mr. Smith. Julia Smith stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defense.,過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ),【知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析】,2. done; being done 與 to be done 作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 過(guò)去分詞含有“被動(dòng)”“完成”兩種含義；若表示“某事正在被做”，通常使用動(dòng)詞的being done形式；若表示“即將被做”，通常使用

8、動(dòng)詞的to be done形式；,過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ),【知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析】,3. 過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)從句的互換。 （1）過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)改成定語(yǔ)從名后一般為被動(dòng)句 An organized trip is a trip（which/that is）organized by somebody or some organization. （2）現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)改成定語(yǔ)從句一般為主動(dòng)句 An honest person is a person always telling the truth. An honest person is a person who always tells the

9、truth.,過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ),【典型例題】,1. The _ glass cup was _ by Tom. A. broken; breaking B. broken; broken C. breaking; breaking D. breaking; broken 2. The thief _ by the police is an orphan. A. questioned B. has been questioned C. having been questioned D. questioning 3. Five people won the “Chinas Green Fig

10、ure” award, a title _ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protections. A. being given B.is given C. given D. was given,過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ),【典型例題】,4. “Things _ never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself. A. lost B. losing C.to lose D. have lost 5. There is nothing _ to do but wait for the teacher. A. to leave B. leaving C. left D. for leaving,過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ),【典型例題】,答案：BACAC 解析： 1.broken可以作為adj 碎了的，答案排除C,D。第二個(gè)空是被打碎。 2.小偷是被警察訊問(wèn)的，答案D排除。本句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為is，答案B也是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，不能同時(shí)用。且本句中沒(méi)有明確給出時(shí)間，直接使用過(guò)去分詞即可。答案A,