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高考英語詞匯復(fù)習(xí)的方法,2011.2.12,一、充分了解掌握詞匯的重要性和艱巨性,缺乏對于詞義的準(zhǔn)確理解和把握,學(xué)生的詞匯經(jīng)驗不牢固,容易遺忘,并且 活用能力差。,教師要想方設(shè)法幫助學(xué)生樹立信心,不畏艱難, 下決心突破單詞關(guān),江蘇2011年高考英語考試說明,對詞匯表進行了勘誤校訂,原2010年新增詞匯(164個單詞)仍以“*”號標(biāo)出,以便考生查詢; 閱讀題型有兩處變化:1、把“理解語篇主旨大意”改為“理解語篇主旨要義”;2、把“根據(jù)所讀,用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語補全文章提綱、概括關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容或作要詞詞語轉(zhuǎn)換”改為“根據(jù)所讀,用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語補全文章提綱、概括關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容或作關(guān)鍵詞詞語轉(zhuǎn)換”;,書面表達(dá)題型要求更加明確。明確要求考生根據(jù)所給情景用英語寫一篇150個單詞左右的短文。對情景的內(nèi)涵和提供情景的形式有了明確的規(guī)定。情景包括目的、對象、時間、地點、方位、關(guān)系、內(nèi)容、數(shù)據(jù)等;提供的情景形式如圖畫、圖表、提綱、信函等。明確要求考生要能根據(jù)特定的語境準(zhǔn)確使用英語語法,選用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯。 “圖”不局限于某一類型的圖,如漫畫、廣告。也可包括其他圖畫、照片、圖表等情景材料??忌筛鶕?jù)情景圖示的寓意內(nèi)容或情節(jié)線索,自己組織文字、進行描述、敘述、比較或表達(dá)思想觀點。作文應(yīng)覆蓋提示的要點,但應(yīng)避免僅根據(jù)提示文字做簡單翻譯。,復(fù)習(xí)建議,1、采用多種有效方式對考試說明中的實詞、高頻詞和核心詞 進行多角度復(fù)習(xí),結(jié)合情景開展詞匯練習(xí)。如開展單詞默寫、 翻譯訓(xùn)練、對這些詞進行歸納拓展、邊做閱讀理解邊進行詞匯 學(xué)習(xí)等等。做到讀得準(zhǔn)、聽得清、寫得對和用得妥;,2、開展對多種題材和體裁的文章進行閱讀訓(xùn)練。找出其中 蘊含的有效閱讀技巧,并進行內(nèi)化訓(xùn)練。注重文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 和文脈邏輯關(guān)系。能夠?qū)懗鑫恼绿峋V、概括關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容或作關(guān)鍵 詞詞語轉(zhuǎn)換;,3、書面表達(dá)要求在充分積累基礎(chǔ)知識的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)不同 體裁的套路和要求,適當(dāng)使用高級詞匯和復(fù)雜句子結(jié)構(gòu), 才能完成高質(zhì)量的作文??磮D作文應(yīng)從多種類型的圖著手, 在特定的情景中進行有效變通表達(dá)。,二、合理計劃和組織英語詞匯復(fù)習(xí),詞匯先行,全部背誦,并每天檢查,每周檢查,每月檢查,反復(fù)鞏固,直到掌握。(3,500 /70天 50詞/每天),教師要有超前意識,在組織新內(nèi)容教學(xué) 的同時,要有計劃地及早組織學(xué)生進行 詞匯復(fù)習(xí)。掌握詞匯不能靠沖刺式的突擊,必須有持之以恒、堅韌不撥的耐心的毅力。,三、以學(xué)生為主體,根據(jù)學(xué)情,努力嘗試有效的詞匯復(fù)習(xí)策略,找到最適合自己學(xué)生的有效方法,復(fù)習(xí)單詞,應(yīng)注意四種能力的培養(yǎng)。四種能力即單詞的聽、說、讀、寫能力,這四種能力是相輔相成、互為條件的。四個要素是指單詞的讀音、拼寫、詞性、詞意。在復(fù)習(xí)中不能把這四個要素孤立地割裂開來記憶。,新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn):“在用中學(xué)、在學(xué)中用、學(xué)用結(jié)合”。,詞匯復(fù)習(xí)要著重理解記憶,明確用法,切不要孤立地死記 硬背單詞。復(fù)習(xí)時要做到詞不離短語、詞不離句,結(jié)合科 學(xué)的練習(xí)方法,不要只停留在概念的記憶上,而要把記憶 和使用結(jié)合起來。,(一)歸納概括巧記單詞,高考英語詞匯十分繁雜豐富,而高考復(fù)習(xí)時間又有限, 如復(fù)習(xí)時能總結(jié)歸納詞匯的音、形、義、用四個方面,擴大 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的深度和廣度。,所謂深度和廣度是指歸納同義詞、近義詞的異同;盡 可能掌握常用詞的各種用法、搭配和意義,特別是那些用 法和詞義繁多、搭配能力強的常用基本詞匯,除音、形、 義外,還要掌握他們的適用條件、語法特點以及與其他相關(guān)知識的聯(lián)系,盡可能爭取訓(xùn)練到位、熟練運用。,1、歸納課本中常用和常考詞匯的基本用法、語法特點、適用條件以及相關(guān)知識點的異同比較,特別是一些使用頻率較高的動詞如:need、consider、suggest、expect、prefer等。 例如suggest一詞,可以表示“建議”,也表示“暗示”、“表明”等意義,還有“suggest doing“的結(jié)構(gòu);它作“建議”講時其賓語從句中要用虛擬句型“suggest that sb.(should)do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu),而作“暗示”、“表明”講時則要用陳述語氣;從suggest還可以聯(lián)想到賓語從句中同樣要用虛擬語氣的相關(guān)動詞如:insist,demand,order,ask,advise等。 再如:復(fù)習(xí)need一詞時,不僅要了解它作情態(tài)動詞的用法,還要和它的實義動詞用法相比較,掌握它后接動名詞和不定式的用法區(qū)別。,2、對有共同用法特點的詞匯進行歸納,形成知識鏈。 如,教材中既可作實義動詞又可作系動詞的詞有:sound,smell,taste,get,become,turn,grow,come,fall,go,remain,look,appear,seem等。 又如,表示“計劃去做而結(jié)果不一定能實現(xiàn)”的動詞有intend,mean,hope,plan,expect,think,want,suppose等,這些動詞常用過去完成時加動詞不定式或賓語從句,或用過去式接動詞不定式的完成時態(tài)表示原來有計劃或想法但最終未能實現(xiàn),意為“本來而未能”。 再如,中學(xué)課本中有一些帶介詞to的動詞詞組常接動詞ing形式或名詞,易與動詞不定式混淆,此類動詞詞組有l(wèi)ook forward to,devote.to,be/get used to,lead to,stick to,get down to,prefer.to.,pay attention to,object to等。,3、由點到面,培養(yǎng)發(fā)散思維和知識遷移的能力。對搭配能力強的詞匯在復(fù)習(xí)時可以讓學(xué)生自己先行歸納復(fù)習(xí)。 如復(fù)習(xí)call的用法時,馬上想到call sb,call up,call for,call out,call in,call on,call at,give sb. a call,call sb. names等。 再如,get既可作連系動詞也可作實義動詞,做實義動詞用時意義較多,教材中含有g(shù)et的短語有g(shù)et off,get on,get in,get to,getup,get hold of,get on/along with,get rid of,get into trouble,get used to(doing),get together,get ready for等,而get作連系動詞用時有g(shù)et +v-ing/ v-ed/ adj等結(jié)構(gòu)。,4、學(xué)習(xí)和歸納近義詞、同義詞,可以擴大知識面,增強運用語言的能力。 如:在復(fù)習(xí)besides用法時,可以聯(lián)系except,but,except for,except that,but for等詞語的詞義區(qū)別和用法。 再如:dress,in,put on,have on,wear等詞語都可以表示“穿戴”,但它們的意義和用法有所區(qū)別。,5、歸納復(fù)習(xí)之后,再配上高考考點及對應(yīng)練習(xí),提高學(xué)生的實際運用能力。,(二)活用詞句融入語篇,學(xué)生 的英語水平能力的高低主要就看他們的理解能力和表 達(dá)能力。訓(xùn)練中完形填空和語篇閱讀理解兩項測試的就是 理解能力,而譯句和作文兩項則是檢驗表達(dá)能力。,能把詞匯在具體的語境中靈活運用,能夠用詞匯解決具 體問題,比如能夠靈活運用所學(xué)詞匯進行閱讀理解書面表達(dá)就可以認(rèn)為“掌握”了詞匯。,理解能力相當(dāng)程度上決定于詞匯量的多少,這里所說的詞匯量不光指記憶詞匯冊上所有的詞,更要注意多義和多用途詞的確切理解,這里舉個例子: They lived by their own industry. 句中的industry不是“工業(yè)”,而是“辛勤工作”,所以應(yīng)該理解為“他們靠自己辛勤工作生活”,不能誤認(rèn)為是“他們靠自己的工業(yè)生活”。,又如:The danger ranges from tourists who wet paintings to make them easier to photograph to guerrillas who hide in caves and use the art for shooting practice. 理解這個句子的關(guān)鍵在于了解range fromto這一結(jié)構(gòu)分別帶了tourists和guerrillas兩個介詞賓語,還要注意句中wet和photograph都用作了動詞,這樣才能理解為“把圖弄濕便于拍攝”。所以全面復(fù)習(xí)詞匯,特別要注意了解一些詞的幾種釋義和幾種詞性非常必要,但不必過多地學(xué)習(xí)詞匯冊要求之外的內(nèi)容。,表達(dá)能力相當(dāng)程度上決定于對常用詞的活用能力,包括與之有關(guān)的結(jié)構(gòu)。為此,要加強常用詞,尤其是動詞用法的掌握,力求做到正確使用,搭配合理。例如: They made great achievement.(取得成績) They gained a lot of profits.(獲得利潤) They acquired knowledge and skills(學(xué)得知識和技能) Ill realize my dream(實現(xiàn)理想) Ill carry out my plan.(實施計劃) Ill reach my goal.(達(dá)到目的) Ill hit my target.(達(dá)到目的),此外,要多練習(xí)用不同的結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)同一思想內(nèi)容,以此來弄熟一批常用詞和常用結(jié)構(gòu)。例如: When I looked at the picture, I couldt help recalling my childhood The sight of the picture reminded me of my chidhood. At the sight of the picture, I was reminded of my childhood. 這三個句子都表示“看到照片使我想起了童年”。,高考英語詞匯復(fù)習(xí)的五個層次,第一個層次:發(fā)掘同根詞,掌握構(gòu)詞法常識 高考試卷中把高考要求詞匯的同根詞不作為生詞對待,比如:“create”的同根詞: create(vt.創(chuàng)造)- creative(adj.富有創(chuàng)造力的)- creatively(adv.富有創(chuàng)造性地)- creativity(n.創(chuàng)造力)- creation(n.創(chuàng)造、產(chǎn)生)-creator(n. 創(chuàng)造者、創(chuàng)作者),第二個層次:在構(gòu)詞法的基礎(chǔ)上,了解不同詞性的語法功能,有利于高考題目中的“任務(wù)型閱讀”的解決,例如: (1)、A good teacher should be good at creating more opportunities for the students.(create 為及物動詞,其后需要直接跟賓語) (2)、A good teacher should be good at developing the students creative thinking.(creative 為形容詞,它可以修飾名詞,或者做表語) (3)、A good teacher should be good at developing the students creativity.(creativity是名詞,可以做賓語 (4)、A good teacher should be good at making the students think creatively.(creatively 是副詞,在句中做狀語),第三個層次:關(guān)注活躍詞匯的常用搭配,以豐富學(xué)生高考中書面表達(dá)的語言表現(xiàn)力,“Create”是一個非?;钴S的動詞,關(guān)注活躍動詞的搭配,有利于書面表達(dá)能力的培養(yǎng)。例如: (1)、Having a mixture of male and female nurses also helps create a fun atmosphere, which helps patients recover faster.(Unit1 M11 P11)(create a fun atmosphere意為“營造快樂的氛圍”) (2)、Having more male nurses will help create a positive balance between male and female staff, and it will allow patients the choice of a male or female carer. (Unit1 M11 P11)(create a positive balance between A and B意為“在A和B之間建立一個積極的平衡”) (3)、Mensa is a society for bright people, and it aims to create a platform for these people to share their thoughts and ideas. (Unit3 M11 P35)(create a platform for sb意為“為某人建立一個平臺”),(4)、It is the responsibility of the government to create more job opportunities for the farmers. (create more job opportunities for sb意為“為某人創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機會”) (5)、It is the responsibility of the government to create a positive balance between the development and the environment.,第四個層次:充分利用常用句型,以豐富學(xué)生高考中書面表達(dá)的語言表現(xiàn)力,學(xué)生在書面表達(dá)中,語言表達(dá)過于“精煉”,即句子表達(dá)不豐滿 如:Creativity is the key to success.(創(chuàng)造力是成功的關(guān)鍵),我們可以用以下方法豐富學(xué)生的語言表達(dá)能力: 1) 用短語或習(xí)語來豐富語言表現(xiàn)力 (1)、To conclude/In conclusion, creativity is the key to success. (2)、To sum up/ In summary, creativity is the key to success. (3)、To be brief/In brief, creativity is the key to success. (4)、In a word, creativity is the key to success. (5)、Generally speaking, creativity is the key to success. (6)、In general, creativity is the key to success. (7)、All in all, creativity is the key to success. (8)、For my part, creativity is the key to success. (9)、In my opinion/In my view, creativity is the key to success. (10) 、As far as Im concerned , creativity is the key to success.,2) 用副詞來豐富語言表現(xiàn)力 (1)、Clearly , creativity is the key to succes (2)、Apparently, creativity is the key to success. (3)、Definitely, creativity is the key to success. (4)、Obviously, creativity is the key to success. (5)、Briefly, creativity is the key to success. (6)、Personally, creativity is the key to success. (7)、Not surprisingly, creativity is the key to success.,3) 用從句來豐富語言表現(xiàn)力 (1)、Its widely accepted that creativity is the key to success. (2)、It is clear that creativity is the key to success. (3)、It is apparent that creativity is the key to success. (4)、It is obvious that creativity is the key to success. (5)、It is definite that creativity is the key to success. (6)、It is certain that creativity is the key to success. (以上六個that引導(dǎo)的從句為主語從句) (7)、There is no doubt that creativity is the key to success. (8)、There is no question that creativity is the key to success. (以上兩個例子為There be句型),(9)、I want to stress that creativity is the key to success. (上例that引導(dǎo)的從句為賓語從句) (10)、I want to stress the point that creativity is the key to success. (上例that引導(dǎo)的從句為同位語從句) (11)、What I want to stress is that creativity is the key to success. (12)、My opinion is that creativity is the key to success. (13)、My view is that creativity is the key to success. (14)、My viewpoint is that creativity is the key to success. (上例四個that引導(dǎo)的從句為表語從句),第五個層次:對經(jīng)典句型借題發(fā)揮,以豐富學(xué)生高考中書面表達(dá)的語言表現(xiàn)力,Creativity is a kind of basic quality and thats what it takes to do anything well. 本句型借鑒于一道高考單向選擇題。我們可以對此經(jīng)典句型 發(fā)揮,以豐富學(xué)生高考中書面表達(dá)中的語言表現(xiàn)力。,我們可以把上面句型中的主語Creativity,替換為其它一些 說明人品質(zhì)的常用詞匯, 如:Imagination/ Determination/ Honesty/ Patience/ Perseverance/ Persistence/ Coopration/ Optimism/ Self-respect/ Self-confidence,這樣就組成了如下表現(xiàn)力很豐富的句型: (1)Imagination is a kind of basic quality and thats what it takes to do anything well. (2)Determination is a kind of basic quality and thats what it takes to do anything well. (3)Honesty is a kind of basic quality and thats what it takes to do anything well. (4)Patience is a kind of basic quality and thats what it takes to do anything well. (5)Perseverance is a kind of basic quality and thats what it takes to do anything well. .,(三)拓展詞匯復(fù)習(xí)途徑,不斷激發(fā)興趣,讓學(xué)生每天進行閱讀,記下重要單詞或生詞,然后以“牛津”或“朗文”字典為參照記下例句,經(jīng)常誦讀記憶。第二天課前選出3-5個詞板書在黑板上,上課開始用英文解釋選這3-5個單詞的原因(或串講單詞形成段落)并教全班同學(xué)朗讀、學(xué)習(xí),每天兩人。因為閱讀中單詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)便于記憶,字典中的例句往往是出題的依據(jù),學(xué)生教學(xué)不僅讓自己記住單詞也讓大家熟悉詞匯。例如:,1. 閱讀中發(fā)現(xiàn)有用詞匯,依托字典例句, 學(xué)生板書教學(xué),例一(基礎(chǔ)較差同學(xué)的板書): 1.ideal 理想的 He is my ideal of a good teacher . 2.reputation 名望 He earns a good reputation in his field. 3.destination 目的地 We arrived our destination finally. 4.delight 使高興He takes delight in proving others wrong.,例二(基礎(chǔ)較好同學(xué)的板書): 1.Aerospace航空航天的 the aerospace industry航天工業(yè) The Nanjing Aerospace University is a good place to study. 2.consistent一致的 You are not consistent with yourself . 3.ensure保證,擔(dān)保 I can not ensure what he has said is true . 保護,使安全 Strict management can ensure students safety.,2. 利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源和多媒體進行教學(xué) 充分選擇網(wǎng)絡(luò)中能夠調(diào)動學(xué)生興趣的新聞、故事、笑話、歌曲等資源在課堂上用多媒體進行教學(xué),從而達(dá)到復(fù)習(xí)鞏固詞匯的目的。,例一:Everyday News SEOUL, (Xinhua) - Chinese President Hu Jintao and leaders of other Group of 20 (G20) members gathered here Friday to address(處理)the challenges to the ongoing(仍在進行的) global economic recovery(復(fù)蘇)and work out strategies (計劃)to achieve strong, sustainable(可持續(xù)的)and balanced global growth,例二:Everyday Story One day a farmers donkey fell into an abandoned well. The animal cried piteously for hours as the farmer tried to figure out what to do. Finally, he decided the animal was too old and the well needed to be covered up anyway; so it just wasnt worth it to him to try to retrieve the donkey.He invited all his neighbors to come over and help him. They each grabbed a shovel and began to shovel dirt into the well. Realizing what was happening, the donkey at first cried horribly. Then, he quieted down completely. The farmer peered down into the well, and was astounded by what he saw. With every shovel-full of dirt that hit his back, the donkey would shake it off and take a step up on the new layer of dirt. As the farmers neighbors continued to shovel dirt on top of the animal, he would shake it off and take a step up. Pretty soon, the donkey stepped up over the edge of the well and trotted off, to the shock and astonishment of everyone.,例三:Forrest Gump視頻播放阿甘正傳片斷,從影片的臺詞中學(xué)習(xí)聽力和詞匯。 1. Wanna = want to, want a, do you want to 2. a million and a half: 3. “Life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what youre going to get“: 4. awful: A.極不好的,讓人很不開心的 an awful smell B.身體欠佳 I felt awful this morning. C. 很非常,不正式 We spent an awful lot of money on furniture.,例四:泰戈爾飛鳥集 I sit at my window this morning where the world like a passer-
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