2016_2017學(xué)年高中英語Unit1LearningStrategiesandHabitsPeriodThreeGrammar練習(xí).docx

Period Three Grammar & Writing語法精析一、簡單句的五種基本類型(一)主語不及物動(dòng)詞(SV)不能直接加賓語的動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞。例如：Thebabylaughs.Thechildrenareswimming.(二)主語及物動(dòng)詞賓語(SVO)后面跟賓語意思才完整的動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞。名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式都可以做賓語。例如：Theworkersmademachines.Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(三)主語系動(dòng)詞表語(SVP)常見的系動(dòng)詞有：get，be，turn，look，smell，taste，sound，become等。表語是英語中的一種特殊成分，常跟在連系動(dòng)詞后面。表語一般由名詞或形容詞等充當(dāng)。例如：Hebecameangry.Mymotherisateacher.(四)主語及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語直接賓語(SVIODO)有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)(雙)賓語，指人的賓語叫做間接賓語，指物的賓語叫做直接賓語，合稱為雙賓語。如把直接賓語放在間接賓語之前，間接賓語前要加介詞to或者for。1與介詞to連用的動(dòng)詞主要有：give，bring，lend，pass，show，teach，tell，take，send等。例如：Hegavemearuler.Hegavearulertome.2與介詞for連用的動(dòng)詞主要有：buy，cook，do，find，get，leave，make，play等。例如：Mymotherboughtonebeautifulbirthdaypresentforme.Mymotherboughtmeabeautifulbirthdaypresent.注意：如果直接賓語是人稱代詞時(shí)，必須將其置于間接賓語之前?！菊`】Ineedsomesalt.Passmeit，please.【正】Ineedsomesalt.Passittome，please.(五)主語及物動(dòng)詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語(SVOOC)賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語叫做復(fù)合賓語，跟賓語補(bǔ)足語的常有以下幾類詞：1后面一般跟不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：ask，get，order，tell，want，wish，allow等。例如：Ourteachertoldustocomeearlytomorrow.2后面一般跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：四“看”：see，watch，lookat，notice；三“使役”：let，have，make；二“聽”：hear，listento；一“感覺”：feel等。例如：Didyouseehimcomein?二、句子成分(一)主語(S)：句子說明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名詞)Helikesdancing.(代詞)Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(數(shù)詞)Seeingisbelieving.(動(dòng)名詞)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(從句)Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It作形式主語，that從句是真正的主語)(二)謂語(V)：說明主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。WestudyEnglish.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)Heisasleep.(系動(dòng)詞)(三)表語(P)：系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。Heisateacher.(名詞)Seventyfour！Youdontlookit.(代詞)Fiveandfiveisten.(數(shù)詞)Heisasleep.(形容詞)Hisfatherisin.(副詞)Thepictureisonthewall.(介詞短語)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容詞化的分詞)Towearafloweristosay“Impoor，Icantbuyaring.” (不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(從句)常見的系動(dòng)詞有：be，sound(聽起來)，look(看起來)，feel(摸起來)，smell(聞起來)，taste(嘗、吃起來)，remain(保持，仍是)，feel(感覺)Itsoundsagoodidea.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.(四)賓語(O)：表示動(dòng)作的對象或承受者。1動(dòng)作的承受者動(dòng)賓IlikeChina.(名詞)Hehatesyou.(代詞)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(數(shù)詞)Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.(the形容詞表示一類人)Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(動(dòng)名詞)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid? (從句)2介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞介賓Areyouafraidofthesnake？(名詞)Underthesnow，therearemanyrocks.(名詞)3雙賓語間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.(五)賓語補(bǔ)足語(OC)：對賓語的補(bǔ)充。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名詞)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere.(名詞)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容詞)Wefoundnobodyin.(副詞)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介詞短語)Dontlethimdothat.(省略to的不定式)Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(帶to的不定式)Dontkeepthelightsburning.(現(xiàn)在分詞)Illhavemybikerepaired.(過去分詞)即時(shí)跟蹤根據(jù)句子的五種基本類型：SVPSVSVOSVIODOSVOOC，完成1、2題1判斷下列句子屬于哪種基本句型(1)IwatchedTVlastnight.(2)Welivehappilytogether.(3)Helentmehiscar.(4)Thefoodwentbad.(5)Wewatchedthemplayfootballyesterday.2按要求轉(zhuǎn)換基本句型，并保持句子意思基本不變(1)Mr.LiuisourEnglishteacher.(用句型)Mr.LiuteachesusEnglish.(2)Hiseyesareblue.(用句型)Hehasblueeyes.(3)Sheisgoodatdancing.(用句型)Shedanceswell.(4)Ilikeapplebestofallthefruit.(用句型)Appleismyfavouritefruit.(5)Wethinkheisagoodman.(用句型)Wethinkhimagoodman.3寫出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分(1)Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.主語(2)Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.謂語(3)HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.賓語(4)ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.謂語，主語(5)Hiswishistobecomeascientist.主語，表語(6)HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.形式賓語，真正的賓語(7)Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress？賓語(間賓直賓)(8)Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.形式主語，表語，賓補(bǔ)(9)Henoticedamanentertheroom.賓補(bǔ)(10)Theapplestastedsweet.表語高考鏈接.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有一處錯(cuò)誤)1Pleasehelpwithmeandgivemesomeadvice.(2015四川，短文改錯(cuò))去掉with2Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.(2015陜西，短文改錯(cuò))wellgood3Theyarethreelessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.(2014新課標(biāo)全國，短文改錯(cuò))TheyThere4Itisdifficulttounderstandingwhyshebarkseveryminuteshesoutside.(2014遼寧，短文改錯(cuò))understandingunderstand5Hewantedteachmeaboutanimals，insectsandtrees.(2014陜西，短文改錯(cuò))want后加to6Iamawfullytired，butIknowIllneverfallsleep.(2013浙江，短文改錯(cuò))sleepasleep.按要求翻譯下列簡單句1野營在7月20號開始。(SV)(2015北京，書面表達(dá))ThiscampwillopenonJuly20th.2作為一個(gè)外向的女孩，我和同學(xué)們相處融洽。(SVO)(2015陜西，書面表達(dá))Asanoutgoinggirl，Igetalongwellwithmyclassmates.3最重要的是學(xué)會(huì)控制你的脾氣，以便你不會(huì)做或說出令你后悔的事。(SVP)(2014安徽書面表達(dá))Themostimportantthingistolearntocontrolyourtempersothatyoumaynotdoorsayanythingyoullregret.4他們幫助我們更好地理解科學(xué)科目，激起我們對科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的好奇心。(SOIODO)(2014浙江，書面表達(dá))Theyhelpusunderstandsciencesubjectsbetterandarouseourcuriosityaboutscientificdiscoveries.5你的付出一定會(huì)使這件事情成為一個(gè)很大的成功。(SVOOC)(2014遼寧，書面表達(dá))Yourcontributionwillcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.常用句式1Imgreatlyhonouredto.2Ihavethehonourtospeak.3Onbehalfoftheteachersandstudents，.4Allofuswillbenefitfromit.Itwillbenefitallofus.5IhopeProfessorDavidwillenjoyhisstayinChina.典例展示實(shí)現(xiàn)有效的溝通，建立良好的人際關(guān)系，不僅要善于言表，更要學(xué)會(huì)傾聽。請你根據(jù)下表中所提供的信息，寫一篇題為“BeingaGoodListener”的英文演講稿。為何傾聽表示尊重，增進(jìn)理解，建立良好的人際關(guān)系誰來傾聽家長傾聽孩子理解孩子，消除代溝，老師傾聽學(xué)生了解學(xué)生，滿足需求，同學(xué)相互傾聽增進(jìn)友誼，互幫互學(xué)，怎樣傾聽(聯(lián)系實(shí)際，自己擬定內(nèi)容，列舉兩至三點(diǎn))注意：1.對所給要點(diǎn)，逐一陳述，適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，不要簡單翻譯；2詞數(shù)100左右；3開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；4演講稿中不得透露個(gè)人姓名和學(xué)校名稱。Goodafternoon，everyone!Thetopicofmyspeechtodayis“BeingaGoodListener”Thankyouforyourlistening!聯(lián)想詞匯1表示尊重showrespect2增進(jìn)理解promoteunderstanding3改善人際關(guān)系improveinterpersonalrelationship4消除代溝narrowthegenerationgap5相互學(xué)習(xí)learnfromeachother佳作背誦Goodafternoon，everyone!Thetopicofmyspeechtodayis“BeingaGoodListener”Goodlisteningcanalwaysshowrespect，promoteunderstanding，andimproveinterpersonalrelationship.Manypeoplesuggestthatparentsshouldlistenmoretotheirchildren，sotheywillunderstandthembetter，andfinditeasytonarrowthegenerationgap；teachersshouldlistenmoretotheirstudents，thentheycanmeettheirneedsbetter，andplacethemselvesinagoodrelationshipwiththeirstudents；studentsshouldlistenmoretotheirclassmates，thustheywillhelpandlearnfromeachother，andafriendshipislikelytobeformed.WhatIwanttostressisthateachofusshouldlistenmoretoothers.Showyourrespectandneverstopotherstilltheyfinishtheirtalk；showyouareinterestedbyasupportivesilenceoraknowingsmile；beopenmindedtodifferentopinionseventhoughyoudontlikethem.Inaword，goodlisteningcanreallyenableustogetclosertoeachother.Thankyouforyourlistening!.寫出下列句子成分1Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.主語系動(dòng)詞表語2Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.形式主語it系動(dòng)詞表語真正主語3Allofusconsideredhimhonest.主語謂語賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語4Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語5Hebrokeapieceofglass.主語謂語賓語6Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.主語謂語形式賓語it賓語補(bǔ)足語真正賓語7Iloveyoumorethanher，child.主語謂語賓語8Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.主語系動(dòng)詞表語9Theypushedthedooropen.主語謂語賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語10Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語.完成句子11Itisveryimportantforustohaveourdreams.擁有我們自己的夢想很重要。12Wehavefinishedreadingthebook.我們已讀完這本書。13IthinkitnecessarytolearnEnglishwell.我認(rèn)為有必要學(xué)好英語。14WemadeTommonitorofourclass.我們讓湯姆當(dāng)我們的班長。15Ourfavouritesportisplayingfootball.我們最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是踢足球。.閱讀理解ATOEFLstandsforTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage，whichassessestheproficiency(熟練) ofEnglishlanguageofapersoninanacademicsetting.Variousinstitutions，scholarshipprogramsrequirethistestasatrustedandeffectiveindicatorofapersonsabilitytocommunicateinEnglish.TOEFLisavailableinCBTComputerbasedTechnology，PBTPaperbasedTechnologyandIBTInternetbasedTestformats(形式) toassesstheproficiencyofEnglishlanguage.IBTTOEFLisafourhourtestcomprisingsections: Reading，Listening，SpeakingandWriting.InareaswhereInternetbasedtestisnotavailable，apaperbasedtest(PBT) isgiven.PBTisathreehourtestcomprisingfoursections: Listening，StructureandWrittenExpression，ReadingComprehensionandWriting.TakingTOEFLtestopensmanydoorstogetadmissioninforeignuniversities.Morethan7,500colleges，universitiesandagenciesinmorethan130countriesrelyonTOEFLtestscorestocheckproficiencyforEnglishlanguage.Itisveryconvenienttotakethistestanditisavailablein165countriesworldwide.Itmeasuresyouracademicskillsthatwhetheryouarereadytostudyortrainatundergraduateorpostgraduatelevelinforeignuniversitiesornot.Inthetestcandidatesareprovidedwithapassagefromtextbooksandquestionsbasedonlectures，andyoucanbeaskedtospeakorwriteinresponserelatedtothatpassage.Asthetestismadeupof100%academicquestions，somanyuniversitiesconsideritthemosteffectivetest，whiletakinganyadmission.TotakeTOEFLtestyoushould：Improveyourwritingskills；Improveyourvocabulary；PracticeotherreadingpassagesontheTOEFLtest；Befamiliarwiththeformatofthetest；PracticeforlisteningtestontheTOEFLtest.TotakeadmissioninWorldsfamousHarvardUniversity，theminimumTOEFLscorerequiredis587onthepaperbasedtest,240onthecomputerbasedtest，or9495ontheInternetbasedTOEFL.16Theunderlinedword“comprising”inParagraph2probablymeans“”AincludingBformingCcombiningDexplaining答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句中的“Reading，Listening，SpeakingandWriting.”可知，此處指的是托福考試包括聽、說、讀、寫四個(gè)部分。故選A。17WhichsectionisNOTincludedinIBTTOEFL?AReading.BWriting.CSpeaking.DStructureandWrittenExpression.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“IBTTOEFLisafourhourtestcomprisingsections: Reading，Listening，SpeakingandWriting.”可知托?？荚囍袥]有“StructureandWrittenExpression”這個(gè)內(nèi)容，故選D。18Accordingtothepassage，manystudentsarerequiredtotakeTOEFLtestprobablybecausethetestcan.AimprovetheiracademicskillsBindicatetheirproficiencyofEnglishlanguageCprovidescholarshipprogramsinmanycountriesDdecidetheirgraduationfromforeignuniversities答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的“.asatrustedandeffectiveindicatorofapersonsabilitytocommunicateinEnglish.”和第二段第一句中的“.toassesstheproficiencyofEnglishLanguage.”可知，托福考試能夠評估人們運(yùn)用英語的熟練程度。故選B。19Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?AAdvantagesofTOEFLTestBPreparationsforTOEFLTestCIntroductiontoTOEFLTestDAssessmentofTOEFLTest答案C解析標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了什么是托?？荚嚒⑼懈？荚嚨姆N類、托?？荚嚨膬?yōu)勢以及如何準(zhǔn)備托?？荚嚨人姆矫娴膬?nèi)容，由此可見這是一篇介紹托福考試的短文。故選C。BWhenyouarecuriousaboutsomethingandwanttoknowmoreaboutit，youcanusethewayofaskingquestions.Askingquestionsisthefirststeptomakediscoveriesandfindinterestinganswers.Thestepsbelowcanguideyouduringtheresearch(研究)Step1：Onanotecardorapieceofpaper，writedownthesubjectthatyouareinterestedin.Justgetthemainideadown.Forexample，youmightwrite：Discovermoreaboutdinosaurs.Step2：Next，stopandthinkforamomentaboutwhatyoualreadyknowaboutyoursubject.Listwhatyoualreadyknowlikethesentencesbelow：1Dinosaurslivedlongbeforehumanbeingsappeared.2Dinosaurslivedontheearthformorethan150millionyears.3Somedinosaursfedonplants，someonmeat.Step3：Whatcanyoudowithwhatyouwanttolearn？Byaskingquestions.Onyourpaper，startwritingdownquestionsaboutthedinosaursasyouthinkofthem：1Whatsthebestweatherfordinosaurstolivein?2Howmanykindsofdinosaursarethere?3Havedinosaursreallydisappeared?Step4：Armedwithyourlistofquestions，youcannowgotothenearestlibraryorcomputertobeginyourresearch.Asyoulearnmoreaboutyoursubject，youllprobablydiscoversomenewquestions.Forexample，youmightdiscoverthatdinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.Why？Whathappened？Askingnewquestionscanhelpyouresearchyoursubjectmorewidely.Thenexttimeyoufindsomethinginterestingtoresearch，taketimetoorganize(組織) yourthinkingbyaskinggoodquestions.Andrememberlearningmorealwaysbringsmorequestions.20Theunderlinedphrase“curiousabout”inthefirstparagraphmeans“”AworriedaboutBboredwithCeagertolearnaboutDreadytodo答案C解析詞義猜測題。由語境“.wanttoknowmoreaboutit.”以及“.askingquestions.”可推測curiousabout意為“對好奇”。21Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“Armedwithyourlistofquestions”mean?APuttingyourlistofquestionsunderyourarm.BDiscussingyourquestionswithyourclassmates.CWritingdownyourlistofquestions.DTakingyourlistofquestionswithyou.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由畫線句后面的“.youcannowgotothenearestlibraryorcomputertobeginyourresearch.”可知，是去圖書館或者上網(wǎng)開始你的研究課題，因此應(yīng)該是帶著你的問題。22Thebesttitleofthispassageis“”ADiscoveringDinosaursBAskingGoodQuestionsCFindingSubjectsDHavingInterestingAnswers答案B解析標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講了以提問的方式進(jìn)行研究學(xué)習(xí)的方法。故B項(xiàng)最合適。.語法填空Cheating23.happens(happen) alotinourcity.Itcanbehardtoknowwhoisreallyinneedandwhoistryingtouseotherpeoples24.kindness(kind)Recently，Iwasfinishingmyworkathome25.whenthedogbarked，lettingmeknowthatsomeonewasatthegate.Irushedtoseewho26.itwasandthereIsawapoor，weakwomaninherlatefifties.Thiswomantoldmeastory，“MyhusbandandIliveintheslumnearby.Weearnourliving27.byworkingatconstructionsites.Afewdaysagomyhusbandfelldownthestairswhile28carrying(carry) aheavyload.Hewasbadlyhurtandhe29.haslain(lie) inbedwithahighfeverforthepastfivedays，Pleasehelpme! Ineedtotakemyhusbandtoadoctor！”Ifeltreallybadabouthersituation，but30.wasshetellingmethetruthortryingtocheatmeformoney？However，Iwentoutwith50dollarsandhandedittoher.31.Themomentshegotthemoneysheburstintotears.Shetookmyhandandsaid，“Maygodblessyou，mydear! Thankyousomuch！”FromhertearsIbelievethatshewasreallyinneedofhelp.I32.wasmoved(move) andwentbacktomyworksmiling.短文改錯(cuò)Afterwatch“EnglishTV”lastSundaymorning，Iphonedtomyclassmateandtoldhimtogotoseeafilmintheafternoon.Beforethefilmwasover，wereturnedtoschooltodoourlessons.Whilewearehavingarestinthecorridor，IsawMrLiu，myheadteacher.HetoldmethatwehadmadesomeprogressesinEnglish，butmyChineselaggedbehind，especiallymyChinesecomposition.HesuggestedImustreadmoreandkeepingadiaryeveryday.Intheeveningmyfathertoldmethatreadingnewspaperswoulddomewellforimprovingcompositionwriting.Thatwasreallygoodidea！Thattheysaidwasquiteright，andIshouldfollowtheiradvice.答案After“EnglishTV”lastSundaymorning，Iphonedtomyclassmateandtoldhimtogotoseeafilmintheafternoon.thefilmwasover，wereturnedtoschooltodoourlessons.W