冠詞（4點(diǎn)）除復(fù)習(xí)冠詞的基本用法外,其例外用法值.ppt

1. 冠詞（4點(diǎn)） 除復(fù)習(xí)冠詞的基本用法外，其“例外”用法值得注意。 1). 表示“某一”的意思時(shí)，專有名詞及月份、星期的名詞前用a或an。例如： On a Saturday morning he got lost in the mountain.,2). a / an + 名詞 + 修飾性的定語(yǔ)從句或介詞短語(yǔ)。例如： Mrs. Taylor has _ 8-year-old daughter who has _ gift for painting she has won two national prizes.（2005浙江） a; a B. an; the C. an; a D. the; a,又如： For him _ stage is just _ means of making a living. (2006山東) a; a B. the; a C. the; the D. a; the 3). 在句中第一次出現(xiàn)的名詞不等于不特指，完全看語(yǔ)境的暗示。例如： I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _ keyboard. You shouldnt put drinks near _ computer. (2006北京) A. the; 不填 B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a,The stage 影員職業(yè); go on the stage 從事影藝職業(yè); on stage 在演出,4). music、nature、society前通常不用冠詞，除非特指。例如： I know you dont like _ music very much. But what do you think of _ music in the film we saw yesterday? (2006全國(guó)III) /; / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the,2. 形容詞、副詞（3點(diǎn)） 1). 幾個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)的排序問(wèn)題。 理論上若干形容詞可共同作一個(gè)名詞的定語(yǔ)，其排列順序是：描繪形容詞+大小(長(zhǎng)短高低)形容詞+形狀形容詞+年齡(新舊)形容詞+顏色形容詞+國(guó)籍形容詞+材料形容詞+用途(類別)形容詞+名詞。,例如： This _ girl is Linds cousin. (2005北京) A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish,2) . 絕不能忽略less、least及 worse, worst等表示“更少”、 “最少”、“更糟”、“最糟”等概念 的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的使用。例 如： Alan is a careful driver, but he drives _ of my friends.（2007上海） more carefully B. the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least carefully,3). cannottoo無(wú)論也不過(guò)分 / cannotmore再不過(guò)了。例如： Must I turn off the gas after cooking ? Of course . You can never be _ careful with that. (2005江西) enough B. too C. so D. very Go for a picnic this weekend, OK? _. I love getting close to nature. (2004福建) A. I couldnt agree more B. Im afraid not C. I believe not D. I dont think so,3. 代詞(2點(diǎn)),指代詞指一種情況: 例如： Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (2006山東) A. that B. it C. this D. you 又如： I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET1998) A. it B. that C. these D. them,2). one、the one都可以作同位語(yǔ)。被說(shuō)明的名詞為特指時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)用the one，反之則用one。例如： My most famous relative of all, _ who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great grandfather.（2006江蘇） one B. the one C. he D. someone,4. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)（4點(diǎn)） 1). 時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用完成時(shí)替代將來(lái)時(shí)。例如： _ leave at the end of this month. I dont think you should do that until _ another job. (2006北京) Im going to; youd found B. Im going to; youve found C. Ill; youll find D. Ill ; youd find,2). 一般過(guò)去時(shí)可以與段時(shí)間連用。例如： I _ in London for many years, but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China.（2006重慶） A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived,3). It is / was the first / second time + 完成時(shí)。例如： Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I _ here. (NMET91) was B. have been C. came D. am coming,4). 表示思維的動(dòng)詞，如：think、 want、hope、plan、intend、 mean、suppose等可以用過(guò)去完 成時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示事與愿違的 情況。例如： Ouch! You hurt me! I am sorry. But I _ any harm. I _ to drive a rat out.（2007江西） didnt mean; tried B. dont mean; am trying C. havent meant; tried D. didnt mean; was trying,5. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（2點(diǎn)） 1). 表示猜測(cè)、推測(cè)： must用在肯定句中； can, could用在疑問(wèn)句中； may, might, can, could用在肯定句或否定句中。may、might側(cè)重從事實(shí)的角度做出猜測(cè)，而can、could則側(cè)重從邏輯角度做出猜測(cè)。,例如： Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. （2005安徽） shall B. must C. may D. can 又如： Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. It _ Harrys. He always wears green. (2005廣東) has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be,2). 表示埋怨、責(zé)怪： should (not) + have done ought (not) to + have done could + have done neednt + have done 例如： My cats really fat. You _ have given her so much food.（2007浙江） wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt,6. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(7點(diǎn)),1)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本概念: 例如： There have been several new events _ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. (2006北京) A. add B. to add C. adding D. added,2)英漢結(jié)構(gòu)的差異: 如： Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. （2006湖北) A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing,3). 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間差 to do表示經(jīng)常、將要或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，to be doing強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行, to have done則表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 doing表示經(jīng)?；蛘谶M(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，having done表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。 done表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。,4)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的辯義: 例如： _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. (2006廣東) A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making 再如：,5)非謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)間差: After he became conscious，he remembered _ and _on the head with a rod (2006江西) A. to attack; hit Bto be attacked；to be hit C. attacking；be hit D. having been attacked；hit,6). 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式； 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)。 例如： The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. （2007重慶） A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 又如：,John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it.（2007安徽） A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 再如： Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down.（2007福建） A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled,7). 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)為已知條件，在選擇句子時(shí)，要考慮句子的主語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯關(guān)系。例如： Faced with a bill for $10,000, _. (2006全國(guó)II) A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John,8). 下列動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的to為介詞：object to be / get used to be dedicated to（專注于） be devoted to look forward to contribute to pay attention to be adjusted to（適應(yīng)于） be adapted to（適合于） get down to stick to prefer to,例如： Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers?（2006重慶） A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking,9). 現(xiàn)在分詞、不定式都可以作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。例如： He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. (2006全國(guó)II) A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 又如： We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. (2006全國(guó)III) thinking B. think C. to think D. thought,10). need / want / require / deserve + doing / to be done 例如： As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area _.（2007陜西） A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair,7. 名詞性從句與定語(yǔ)從句的辨析(4點(diǎn)),1). what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。例如： You can only be sure of _ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future.（2007安徽） A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that,2). as、which在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的異同點(diǎn)。例如： The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.（2006江蘇） A. who B. that C. as D. which,3). where可以引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。例如： Mom, what did your doctor say? He advised me to live _ the air is fresher. (2006四川) A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where 又如： If you are traveling _ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.（2006天津） A. in which B. what C. when D. where,4). 當(dāng)先行詞是situation、point、case時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。例如： After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she needed to decide what to do.（2007江西） A. that B. what C. which D. where 又如： Today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.（2007陜西） A. which B. as C. why D. where,8.動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨義: （江蘇卷,2008）31. Im still working on my project. Oh, youll miss the deadline. Time is _. A. running out B. going out C. giving out D. losing out,Key: A,9.介詞 例:（北京卷）33. I