題型分類指導(dǎo)之短文改錯.ppt

題型分類指導(dǎo)之,短文改錯專題,How to correct a composition,題型特點: （1）詞法內(nèi)容。包括名詞、代詞的數(shù)與格，反身代詞，動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)，非謂語動詞、短語動詞的用法，不規(guī)則動詞的變化形式，形容詞的比較級，形容詞副詞的區(qū)別，介詞的誤用等。 （2）句法內(nèi)容。包括主謂一致、指代一致，并列連詞，從屬連詞等引導(dǎo)各種從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，感嘆句，疑問句，祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)等。 （3）行文邏輯。包括句子的肯定、否定、推理、判斷等。,題型專項 -短文改錯,考點聚焦,a.(2000) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.,schoolmates,b.(04)After class we become stranger at once.,strangers,c.(01)They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get marks in all my subject.,subjects,1.名詞,考點設(shè)置,e.(02)On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.,pictures,e.(04)That was a dinner we had waited for several month.,命題特點:本來用復(fù)數(shù),卻用單數(shù). 改正方法:(1)根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份;(2)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系.,f. (04)You can find all kinds of information in just minute on the Internet.,months,minutes,a.(04浙江)And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own and discover and and interest which can even last a lifetime.,b.(02)It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.,c.(04湖北)You have to be friends with your pupils and take care of him.,their,2.代詞,us,them,d.(02春)When he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place which I couldnt find.,it,e.(03)I was learning to express me in simple English. f.(02北京)They usually will try to change ,but they will take some time because they get angry all their lives.,命題特點：代詞與其所指代對象不一致。 改正方法：聯(lián)系上下文的語氣及邏輯關(guān)系。,it,myself,a. (02) As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.,the,b. ( 01)We may be one family and live under a same roof,but-,c. (04天津) As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life.,an,3.冠詞,a,d.(04福建)Ten minutes later, the firemen came the put out fire.,the,e.(04湖南)I had thought it would be easy test. f. (05)I hope youve had pleasant journey home,命題特點及改正方法：英語中冠詞只有三個，只能從以下幾個方向出題：1）不定冠詞a和an互改；2）不定冠詞a或an和定冠詞the互改；3）根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。,an,a,a.(01) we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.,b.(04)Im a newcomer here of a small town.,c. (04)Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool.,d.(04)Well talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.,4.介詞,from,at,about,e.(05)I am writing to thank you with your kind help.,for,f. (05)Were leaving from our hometowns to spend the winter vacation.,for,命題特點及改正方法：介詞涉及搭配錯誤，因此可從以下方面確定錯誤：1）介詞的基本用法；2）習(xí)慣搭配；3）動詞詞類確定錯誤，如例a，talk about 是及物動詞，后邊要接賓語。,a.(01) They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that-,do,b.(02) The time passes quickly. Evening came.,c.(03)She liked it very much and reads it to the class.,d. (04)I dont know that they dont like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class.,5.動詞,passed,read,talk,e.(05遼寧)I was a high school student then,from low-income family.So I have to work to support my family. f.(05)I will write again and send you the photos we take together.,命題特點：現(xiàn)在時與過去時的誤用，句中一般沒有時間狀語。 改正方法：動詞改錯題是考查的重點，每年都考。要注意聯(lián)系上下文，突破單句層次，著眼于整個語篇。,took,had,a. (04)I would describe myself as shy and quietly.,quiet,b. (04)There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes.,personal,c. (04)Finding information on the Net is easily.,easy,d.(04天津)However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly.,helpless,6.形容詞、副詞,e.(05遼寧)I worked harder because I was afraid of losing the job. f.(05) My pronunciation was terribly.,命題特點及改正方法：主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用、形容詞及副詞的比較級等。1）根據(jù)adj.或adv.的基本用法確定錯誤；2）修飾連系動詞或名詞用形容詞；3）修飾行為動詞、形容詞、過去分詞及整個句子用副詞。,hard,terrible,a. (00) She is smiling at me but nodding at me .,and,b. (01)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.,c. (02)The food was expensive and the service was good.,but,7.連詞,d. (04湖北)I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.,e.(04湖南)The teacher wasnt looking at me, but I copied something.,or,and,so,f.(05福建)The activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.,命題特點及改正方法：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列連詞的誤用。1）根據(jù)句型結(jié)構(gòu)確定錯誤；2）根據(jù)句意確定錯誤；3）根據(jù)句子的邏輯關(guān)系確定錯誤,but,a.(01)My parents will so all they can make sure that I get a good education.,to,b.(02)We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.,talking,c.(03) Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.,8.非謂語動詞,visited,d.(04江蘇)Shake her head, she said, “-”,Shaking,e.(05福建)I am looking forward to see all of you again in the near future.,seeing,f.(05山東)Were busy prepare for our trips.,命題特點：1）謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的錯用；2）動詞不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞（或動名詞）的錯用；3）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的錯用等。 改正方法：1）根據(jù)動詞的基本用法確定錯誤（如c)；當(dāng)兩個動詞相連時，要特別檢查各個動詞是否正確(如b); 2)根據(jù)非謂語動詞在句子中的成分確定錯誤(如a); 3）進(jìn)行句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析，如當(dāng)動詞出現(xiàn)在句首時，要認(rèn)真分析這個句子是否是祈使句，如果不是，這個動詞就可能用法錯誤（如d)。,preparing,a.(02) It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.,in,b.(04) I dont know that they dont like to talk with me.,whose,c. (03)The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English.,how,9.句子結(jié)構(gòu),d.(01)What things are in other homes, I wonder.,e.(04福建)I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei.,why,when,f.(05遼寧)And I came to understand that was not easy to earn money.,g.(05)Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please.,h.(02)I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.,it,it,it,命題特點及改正方法：句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯誤范圍龐大，主要涉及句子成份和復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞等。解答這類題從以下方面來思考：1）句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）復(fù)合句中邊接方句和從句的關(guān)系詞或引導(dǎo)詞的運用是否得當(dāng)?shù)取?10.正確,命題特點：每年一個小題,a.(01)Like most of my schools, I have neither brothers nor sistersin any other words, I am an only child.,b.(04)There are no need to spend money.,11.其他,c.(05)So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned.,命題特點及改正方法：其他可能涉及的考點有固定句型、習(xí)語、習(xí)慣搭配、主謂一致、名詞及動詞辨析和被動語態(tài)等。進(jìn)行邏輯、語境分析以及積累一些常見習(xí)語搭配是解題關(guān)鍵。,any,is,than,2006年高考短文改錯熱點：名詞、連詞、時態(tài)、復(fù)合句、習(xí)慣用語、冠詞、非謂語動詞、,2006年高考短文改錯冷點：代詞、主謂一致、介詞、形容詞、副詞,考點預(yù)測,Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play. All over 76._ the world men and woman, boys and girls enjoy sports. Since 77. _ long ago, many adults and children called their friends together 78. _ to spend hours, even days play games.One of the reasons people 79. _ like to play is that sports help them to live happily.In other words, 80. _ they help to keep people strong and feel good. When people are 81. _ playing games,they move a lot.That is how sports are good activities 82. _ for their health.Having fun with their friends make them happy. 83. _ Many people enjoy sports by watching the others play.In American 84. _ big cities, thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.85. _,2005高考湖北卷,Practice makes perfect. 諺 熟能生巧,but,women,the,why,playing,makes,feeling,have,buy,（1）通讀全文，了解文章主旨大意，確定文章的題材、體裁，把握文章的背景知識。 （2）逐句分析，把握結(jié)構(gòu)。粗略分析詞法、句法、邏輯上是否有問題。 （3）逐