2012年職稱英語綜合類新增文章篇目（閱讀判斷、概括大意、閱讀理解、補(bǔ)全對話）.doc.doc

2012年職稱英語綜合類新增文章篇目閱讀判斷（2篇）第七篇ModerateEarthquakeStrikesEngland*第十一篇ComputerMouse概括大意與完成句子（2篇）第六篇HowWeFormFirstlmpression第十篇WashoeLearnedAmericanSignLanguage閱讀理解（15篇）第一篇TellingTalesaboutPeople第八篇TheChangingMiddleClass第十篇ALetterfromAlan第十一篇TheDevelopmentofBallet第十六篇TheSahara*第十九篇TheFamily*第二十篇TalesoftheTerriblePast*第二十六篇SeeingtheWorldCenturiesAgo*第三十篇“Lucky”LordLucan-AliveorDead*第三十三篇OseolaMcCarty+第三十四篇ToHaveandHaveNot+第三十五篇GoingHerOwnWay+第三十七篇PopMusicinAfrica+第三十八篇WhySoManyChildren?+第四十七篇NarrowEscape補(bǔ)全短文（2篇）第九篇HeatIsKiller*第十一篇VirtualDriver注：1、+表示A級文章；*表示B即文章；其他為C級文章；2、閱讀判斷，請參見第4頁；概括大意與完成句子，請參見第8頁；閱讀理解，請參見第13頁；補(bǔ)全短文，請參見第43頁3、2012年詞匯部分與2011年教材相比未作任何變化。閱讀判斷第七篇ModerateEarthquakeStrikesEnglandAmoderateearthquakestruckpartsofsoutheastEnglandon28April2007，topplingchimneysfromhousesandrousingresidentsfromtheirbeds.Severalthousandpeoplewereleftwithoutpower1inKentCounty.Onewomansufferedminorheadandneckinjuries.ltfeltasifthewholehousewasbeingslidacrosslikeafun-fairride,3saidthewoman.TheBritishGeologicalSurveysaidthe4.3-magnitudequake4struckat8:19a.m.andwascenteredundertheEnglishChannel5，about8.5milessouthofDover6andneartheentrancetotheChannelTunnel7.Witnessessaidcracksappearedinwallsandchimneyscollapsedacrossthecounty.Residentssaidthetremorhadlastedforabout10to15seconds.Iwaslyinginbedanditfeltasifsomeonehadjustgotupfrombednexttome.saidHendrickvanEck，27，ofCanterbury8about60milessoutheastofLondon.Ithenheardthesoundofcracking，anditwasgettingheavierandheavier9.Itfeltasifsomeonewasattheendofmybedhoppingupanddown.Therearethousandsofmoderatequakesonthisscalearoundtheworldeachyear，buttheyarerareinBritain.TheApril28quakewasthestrongestinBritainsince2002whena4.8-magnitudequakestruckthecentralEnglandcityofBirmingham10.ThecountrysstrongestearthquaketookplaceintheNorthSeain1931，measuring6.1ontheRichterscale11.BritishGeologicalSurveyscientistRogerMussonsaidthequaketookplaceon28AprilinanareathathadseenseveralofthebiggesterthquakesevertostrikeBritain，includingonein1580thatcauseddamageinLondonandwasfeltinFrance.12Mussonpredictedthatitwasonlyamatteroftime13beforeanotherearthquakestruckthispartofEngland.However，peopleshouldnotbescaredtoomuchbythisprediction，Mussonsaid，asthemodernearthquakewarningsystemofBritainshouldbeabletodetectaforthcomingquakeandannounceitseveralhoursbeforeittakesplace.Thiswouldallowtimeforpeopletoevacuateandreducedamagetotheminimum.詞匯:moderate/mdrit/adj.中等的magnitude/mgnitju:d/n.值，強(qiáng)度量topple/tpl/v.傾倒，震倒rouse/ravz/v.喚醒tremor/trem(r)/n.震動hop/hp/v.齊足跳起fun-fairn.公共露天游樂場scale/skeil/n.震級forthcoming/f:kmi)/adj.即將來臨的evacuate/ivkjveit/v.疏散geological/dildikl/adj.地質(zhì)的注釋:1.power:電力2.KentCounty:肯特郡位于英格蘭東南部3.Itfeltasifthewholehousewasbeingslidacrosslikeafun-fairride.它(地震)給人的感覺是整幢房子就像游樂場的滑行機(jī)一樣在滑動.ride是游樂場供人玩樂的乘坐式的活動裝置。asif是好像一樣；仿佛，例如:HetreatedmeasifIwerehisson.他待我如同待他的兒子一樣。4.the.4.3-magnitudequake:里氏4.3級地震5.EnglishChannel:英吉利海峽6.Dover:多佛爾英格蘭東南部港口城市7.ChannelTunnel:海峽隧道。ChannelTunnel(常簡稱為Chunnel)是連接英法兩國的海峽隧道。8.Canterbury:坎特伯雷英格蘭東南部城市，中世紀(jì)時曾是宗教朝圣圣地9.itwasgettingheavierandheavier:爆裂聲越來越響10.Birmingham:伯明翰英格蘭中部城市11.theRichterscale:里氏震級表。美國地震學(xué)家CharlesFrancisRichter(1900-1985)于1935年制定了地震震級表。12.BritishGeologicalSurveyscientistRogerMussonsaidthequaketookplaceon28AprilinanareathathadseenseveralofthebiggestearthquakesevertostrikeBritain，includingonein1580thatcauseddamageinLondonandwasfeltinFrance.英國地質(zhì)勘測所的科學(xué)家RogerMusson說，4月28日發(fā)生地震的地區(qū)曾經(jīng)遭受過幾起英國最大的地震，其中的一次發(fā)生在1580年，那次地震蹂躪了倫敦，并波及法國。13.amatteroftime:時間問題。又如:Itsnotamatterofmoney.這個不是錢的問題。練習(xí):1.DuringtheApril28earthquake，thewholeEnglandwasleftwithoutpower.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned2.TheChannelTunnelwasclosedfor10hoursaftertheearthquakeoccurred.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned3.Itwasreportedthatoneladyhadgotherheadandneckinjured，butnotseriously.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned4.FranceandseveralotherEuropeancountriessenttheirmedicalteamstoworksidebysidewiththeBritishdoctors.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned5.ThecountrysstrongestearthquaketookplaceinLondonin1580.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned6.MussonpredictedthatanotherearthquakewouldoccurinsoutheastEnglandsoonerorlater.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned7.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEnglandisrarelyhitbyhighmagnitudeearthquakes.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned答案與題解:1.B題句說2007年4月28日的地震致使全英格蘭都停電，與短文第一段第一句表達(dá)的內(nèi)容不符。短文說地震殃及英格蘭東南部的肯特郡部分地區(qū)，電力中斷，幾千名居民無電可用。所以，題句是錯誤的，答案為B。2.C本題所說的意思是:地震發(fā)生后，海峽隧道關(guān)閉了10小時。題句表達(dá)的內(nèi)容短文中找不到，故答案為C。3.A題句的意思是:地震中一個婦女的頭部和頸部受了點(diǎn)輕傷。題句表達(dá)的意思與第一段最后一句表達(dá)的內(nèi)容相符。所以選項A是答案。4.C題句表達(dá)的意思是:法國和其他幾個歐洲國家派遣他們的醫(yī)療隊去英國與當(dāng)?shù)氐尼t(yī)生并肩工作。這一內(nèi)容短文中找不到，故答案為C。5.B題句所說的英國最強(qiáng)烈的地震于1580年發(fā)生在倫敦，這與短文表述的事實(shí)不符。短文第七段第一句明白無誤地說，英國最強(qiáng)烈的地震于1931年發(fā)生在北海。題句表達(dá)的信息是錯誤的，故答案為B。6.A題句說Masson預(yù)言在英格蘭東南部遲早將發(fā)生另一次地震。這一說法與短文最后一段第三句所表達(dá)的意思相符。所以答案是A。7.A短文第六段第一句說，全球每年發(fā)生強(qiáng)度為里氏4級左右的地震有幾千次，但是這種中等強(qiáng)度的地震在英格蘭很少發(fā)生。據(jù)此，讀者可以容易地推斷出，高震級的地震在英格蘭就更少見了。*第十一篇ComputerMouseThebasiccomputermouseisanamazinglycleverinventionwitharelativelysimpledesignthatallowsustopointatthingsonthecomputeranditisveryproductive.Thinkofallthethingsyoucandowithamouselikeselectingtextforcopyingandpasting1，drawing，andevenscrollingonthepagewiththenewermicewiththewheel.Mostofususethecomputermousedailywithoutstoppingtothink2howitworksuntilitgetsdirtyandwehavetolearnhowtocleanit.Welearntopointatthingsbeforewelearntospeak，sothemouseisaverynaturalpointingdevice.Qthercomputerpointingdevicesincludelightpens，graphicstabletsandtouchscreens，butthemouseisstillourworkhorse.Thecomputermousewasinventedin1964byDouglasEnglehartofStanfordUniversity.Ascomputerscreensbecamemorepopularandarrowkeyswereusedtomovearoundabodyoftext，itbecameclearthatapointingdevicethatallowedeasiermotionthroughthetextandevenselectionoftextwouldbeveryuseful.Theintroductionofthemouse，withtheAppleLisacomputerin1983，reallystartedthecomputerpublicontheroadtorelyingonthemouseforroutinecomputertasks.3Howdoesthemousework?Wehavetostartatthebottom，sothinkupsidedownfornow.Itallstartswiththemouseball.Asthemouseballinthebottomofthemouserollsoverthemousepad，itpressesagainstandturnstwoshafts.Theshaftsareconnectedtowheelswithseveralsmallholesinthem.Thewheelshaveapairofsmallelectroniclight-emittingdevicescalledlight-emittingdiodes(LED)mountedoneitherside4.OneLEDsendsalightbeamtotheLEDontheotherside.Asthewheelsspinandaholerotatesby，thelightbeamgetsthroughtotheLEDontheotherside.Butamomentlaterthelightbeamisblockeduntilthenextholeisinplace.TheLEDdetectsachangingpatternoflight，convertsthepatternintoanelectronicsignal，andsendsthesignaltothecomputerthroughwiresinacablethatgoesoutofthemousebody.Thiscableisthetailthathelpsgivethemouseitsname.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignaltotellitwheretopositionthecursoronthecomputerscreen.Sofarwehaveonlydiscussedthebasiccomputermousethatmostofyouprobablyhaveorhaveused.5Oneproblemwiththisdesignisthatthemousegetsdirtyastheballrollsoverthesurfaceandpicksupdirt.Eventuallyyouhavetocleanyourmouse.Theneweropticalmiceavoidthisproblembyhavingnomovingparts.詞匯:scroll/skrul/v.(在顯示屏上)上下移動文本pad/pd/n.墊板mousepad鼠標(biāo)墊板graphics/grfiks/n.圖形，圖表tablet/tblit/n.書寫板graphicstablet圖形書寫板workhorse/w:kh:s/n.重負(fù)荷工作部件shaft/a:ft/n.軸，桿狀物emit/imit/v.射出diode/daiud/n.二極管cursor/k:Sr/n.光標(biāo)optical/ptikl/adj.光學(xué)的注釋:1.copyingandpasting:復(fù)制和粘貼2.withoutstoppingtothink:沒有停下來想一下。stop+動詞不定式是停下來去做某件事，stop+動名詞是停止做某件事。例如:Westoppedtorestforawhile.我們停下來休息一會兒。Hestoppedsmoking.他停止抽煙。3.startedthecomputerpublicontheroadtorelyingonthemouseforroutinecomputertasks.使廣大計算機(jī)用戶開始踏上一條依賴鼠標(biāo)完成常規(guī)計算機(jī)工作的道路。computerpublic:廣大計算機(jī)用戶。roadto中的to是介詞，所以后接動名詞relying。4.mountedoneitherside=mountedonbothsides5.Sofarwehaveonlydiscussedthebasiccomputermousethatmostofyouprobablyhaveorhaveused.到目前為止，我們只限于討論大多數(shù)人應(yīng)該擁有或用過的基本型的計算機(jī)鼠標(biāo)。練習(xí):1.Mostcomputeruserswanttoknowhowthecomputermouseworks.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned2.Accordingtotheauthor，generalcomputerusersneednottoknowhowthecomputermousewasinvented.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned3.Thecomputermousederivesitsnamefromthecablethatgoesoutitsbody，whichlookslikethetailofamouse.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned4.ThekeycomponentsofacomputermousearethetwoLEDs.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned5.Whenanordinarycomputermousegefsdirty，ithastobereplacedwithanewone.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned6.ThemostdurablecomputermiceonsalearetheIBMones.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned7.Theopticalmouseissuperiortothebasiconeinthattheformerhasnomovingparts.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned答案與題解:1.B題句的意思是大多數(shù)計算機(jī)使用者都想了解鼠標(biāo)的工作原理。這與短文的介紹不符。短文第一段第三句說，大多數(shù)計算機(jī)使用者天天用計算機(jī)，卻沒有想到要了解一下鼠標(biāo)的工作原理。題句的信息是錯誤的，故答案為B。2.C題句表達(dá)的意思是，短文作者認(rèn)為一般計算機(jī)使用者無須了解鼠標(biāo)是如何發(fā)明的。題句表達(dá)的內(nèi)容短文中找不到，故答案為C。3.A題句說鼠標(biāo)的名稱源自鼠標(biāo)主體拖出的一根看上去像鼠尾巴的電線，這與短文第三段倒數(shù)第二句、第三句所介紹的信息相符，所以，本題選項A是正確答案。4.A短文的第三段說到，鼠標(biāo)的部件有滾動部件如滾球，還有光電裝置如二極管等。二極管將光信號轉(zhuǎn)換為電信號，傳送到計算機(jī)，計算機(jī)根據(jù)收到的電信號作出相應(yīng)的反應(yīng)，因此，二極管是鼠標(biāo)的主要部件，而滾輪等只是輔助性的機(jī)械部件。題句對短文信息的推斷是正確的，故答案為A。5.B題句說鼠標(biāo)臟了，就得更換新的。這一說法與短文包含的信息不符。第一段第三句和末段倒數(shù)第二句都提到，鼠標(biāo)臟了，可以擦干凈再用。題句的信息是錯誤的，故答案為B。6.C題句說，當(dāng)前市場上出售的最耐用的鼠標(biāo)是IBM生產(chǎn)的鼠標(biāo)。這一說法短文中找不到，故答案為C。7.A末段說到光電鼠標(biāo)因?yàn)闆]有普通鼠標(biāo)使用的滾動部件，所以不會吸附灰塵，用不著擦拭，這是一種新型的鼠標(biāo)。題句是對短文信息的一種合理推斷，所以選項A是正確的。概括大意與完成句子第六篇HowWeFormFirstlmpression1WeallhavefirstimpressionOfsomeonewejustmet.Butwhy?WhydoweformanopinionaboutSomeonewithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthimorher-asideperhapsfromafewremarksorreadilyobservabletraits.2Theanswerisrelatedtohowyourbrainallowsyoutobeawareoftheworld.Yourbrainissosensitiveinpickingupfacialtraits，evenveryminordifferenceinhowapersonseyes，ears，nose，ormouthareplacedinrelationtoeachothermakesyouseehimorherasdifferene1.Infact，yourbraincontinuouslyprocessincomingsensoryinformation-thesightsandsoundsofyourworld.Theseincomingsignalsarecomparedagainst2ahostofmemoriesstoredinthebrainareascalledthecortexsystemtodeterminewhatthesenewsignalsmean.3Ifyouseesomeoneyouknowandlikeatschool3，yourbrainsaysfamiliarandsafe.Ifyouseesomeonenew，itsays，new-potentially，threatening.Thenyourbrainstartstomatchfeaturesofthisstrangerwithotherknownmemories.Theheight，weight，dress，ethnicity，gestures，andtoneofvoiceareallmatchedup.Themoreunfamiliarthecharacteristics，themoreyourbrainmaysay，Thisisnew.Idontlikethisperson.Orelse，Imintrigued.Oryourbrainmayperceiveanewfacebutfamiliarclothes，ethnicity，gestures-likeyourotherfriends；soyourbrainsays:Ilikethisperson.Butthesepreliminaryimpressionscanbedeadwrong44Whenwestereotypepeople，weusealessmatureformofthinking(notunliketheimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchild)thatmakessimplisticandcategoricalimpressionsofothers.Ratherthanlearnaboutthedepthandbreadthofpeople-theirhistory，interest，values，strengths，andtruecharacter-wecategorizethemasjocks，geeks，orfreaks.5However，ifweresistinitialstereotypicalimpressions，wehaveachancetobeawareofwhatapersonistrulylike.Ifwespendtimewithaperson，hearabouthisorherlife，hopes，dreams，andbecomeawareofthepersonscharacter，weuseadifferent，morematurestyleofthinking-andthemostcomplexareasofourcortex，whichallowustobehumane.詞匯:trait/trei，treit/n.特點(diǎn)，特征，特性host/h?ust/n.一大群，許多simplistic/simplistik/adj.過分單純化的sensory/sens?ri/adj.感官的，感覺的categorical/k?tig?rikl/adj.絕對的cortex/k?:teks/n.腦皮層jock/d?k/n.騙子ethnicity/enis?ti/n.種族特點(diǎn)geek/gi:k/n.反常的人intrigue/intri:g/v.激起興趣stereotype/steri?taip/v.對產(chǎn)生成見freak/fri:k/n.怪人humane/hju:mein，hju-/adj.有人情味的，人文的注釋:1.Your?rain，issosensitiveinpickingupfacialtraits，evenveryminordifferenceinhowapersonseyes，ears，nose，ormouthareplacedinrelationtoeachothermakesyouseehimorherasdifferent.從even開始到asdifferent是個結(jié)果狀語從句，相當(dāng)于thatevenveryminor.，而that是與主句中的so呼應(yīng)的。2.against:和對比3.Ifyouseesomeoneyouknow，andlikeschool.:如果你在學(xué)校里看到某個你認(rèn)識而且喜歡的人，like在這里是動詞。4.deadwrong:相當(dāng)于completelywrongdeadwrong是口語表達(dá)用語。練習(xí):1.Paragraph2_2.Paragraph3_3.Paragraph4_4.Paragraph5_AWaysOfDeparturefromImmatureandSimplisticImpressionsBCommentonFirstImpressionCIllustrationOfFirstImpressionDComparingIncomingSensoryInformationAgainstMemoriesEThreateningAspectofFirstImpressionsFDifferencesAmongJocks，GeeksandFreaks5.Sensoryinformationisonethatisperceivedthrough_.6.Youinterpret_bycomparingitagainstthememoriesalreadystoredinyourbrain.7.Thewaywestereotypepeopleisalessmatureformofthinking，whichissimilarto_.8.Wecanuseourmorematurestyleofthinkingthanksto_.AastrangerslessmaturetypeofthinkingBthemostcomplexareasofourcortexCtheimmatureformofthinkingofaveryyoungchildDthemeaningofincomingsensoryinformationEthesightsandsoundsoftheworldFanopportunitytoanalyzedifferentformsofthinking答案與題解:1.D本段敘述的是人腦解讀感官信息的過程。2.C本段舉例說明第一印象解讀的過程，將第二段敘述的內(nèi)容具體化。3.B本段對第一印象進(jìn)行了評論，說第一印象不成熟，simplisticandcategorical。4.A本段說如果我們與某個人多接觸，了解他的生活、希望、夢想和性格特征，我們對該人的認(rèn)識就不會停留在第一印象的階段，而是進(jìn)入一個更深的層次。5.E選E的依據(jù)在第二段的第三句。6.D選D的依據(jù)在第二段的最后兩句。sensoryinformation的意思就是informationperceivedthroughsensoryorgans(視覺、聽覺、味覺、觸覺、嗅覺等)。7.C選C的依據(jù)在第四段的第一句，該句是:Whenwestereotypepeople，weusealessmatureformofthinking(notunliketheimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchild)thatmakessimplisticandcategoricalimpressionsofothers.8.B選B的依據(jù)在第五段第二句。第十篇WashoeLearnedAmericanSignLanguage1Ananimalthatinfluencedscientificthoughthasdied.AchimpanzeenamedWashoeandborninAfricadiedofnaturalcauseslatelastmonthattheageof42ataresearchcenterintheAmericanstateofWashington.Washoehadbecomeknowninthescientificcommunity1andaroundtheworldforherabilitytouseAmericanSignLanguage2.Shewassaidtobethefirstnon-humantolearnahumanlanguage.Herskillsalsoledtodebate3aboutprimatesandtheirabilitytounderstandlanguage.2ResearchscientistsAllenandBeatrixGardnerbeganteachingWashoesignlanguagein1966.In1969，theGardnersdescribedWashoesprogressinascientificreport.ThepeoplewhoexperimentedwithWashoesaidshegrewtounderstand4about250words.Forexample，Washoemadesignstocommunicatewhenitwastimetoeat.Shecouldrequestfoodslikeapplesandbananas.Shealsoaskedquestionslike，Whoiscomingtoplay?Once5thenewsaboutWashoespread，manylanguagescientistsbeganstudiesoftheirown6intothisnewandexcitingareaofresearch.Thewholedirectionofprimateresearchchanged.3However，criticsarguedWashoeonlylearnedtorepeatsignlanguagemovementsfromwatchingherteachers.Theysaidshehadneverdevelopedtruelanguageskills.Evennowtherearesomeresearcherswhosuggestthatprimateslearnsignlanguageonlybymemory，andperformthesignsonlyforprizes.YetWashoeskeepersdisagree.RogerFoutsisaformerstudentoftheGardners7.HetookWashoetoaresearchcenterinEllensburg，Washington.There，Washoetaughtsignlanguagetothreeyoungerchimpanzees，whicharesti