（考前添分指導(dǎo)）全國高考英語 單項(xiàng)填空指導(dǎo)（精講精析）(1).doc

單項(xiàng)填空題解題策略縱觀近幾年的高考單項(xiàng)填空題，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)單項(xiàng)填空題的內(nèi)容越來越貼近學(xué)生的日常生活，語言更加靈活，考點(diǎn)較為明確，淡化了對(duì)語法知識(shí)機(jī)械記憶的考查，強(qiáng)調(diào)語言的交際功能。單項(xiàng)填空題目設(shè)置非常靈活，看似簡(jiǎn)單，卻不容易答對(duì)，設(shè)有很多的“陷阱”使考生容易出錯(cuò)。因此，掌握相應(yīng)的解題方法對(duì)快速、準(zhǔn)確地答題是很有必要的。一、簡(jiǎn)化法題干中的插入語、同位語、修飾語或其他附加信息等使得句子難度增加，解題時(shí)可將這類成分刪除，起到化繁為簡(jiǎn)的作用，以迅速找到解題的切入點(diǎn)。【考例1】 let those in need _ that we will go all out to help them. (2013陜西)a. to understand b. understand c. understanding d. understood解析：介詞短語in need修飾those，將其去掉，句子變?yōu)閘et those _ that we will go all out to help them. 不難看出本題考查let sb do sth結(jié)構(gòu)，故答案為b?！究祭?】 “never for a second,” the boy says, “ _ that my father would come to my rescue.” (2013江蘇)a. i doubted b. do i doubt c. i have doubted d. did i doubt解析：將the boy says去掉，句子變?yōu)閚ever for a second _ that my father would come to my rescue?？梢钥闯霰绢}考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，再根據(jù)賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)可知應(yīng)選d項(xiàng)。二、補(bǔ)全法在一些單項(xiàng)填空題中，題干省略了某些成分，增加了試題的難度。我們可以補(bǔ)全句子，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整、語境清楚，解題也就更容易了。【考例】 there are some health problems that, when _ in time, can become bigger ones later on. (2013浙江)a. not treatedb. not being treatedc. not to be treated d. not having been treated 解析：題干中省略了主語和be動(dòng)詞，如果把省略部分補(bǔ)全，句子應(yīng)為：there are some health problems that, when they are _ in time，can become bigger ones later on. 答案為a。三、還原法高考命題常以復(fù)雜的句型來增加考題的難度，有意給學(xué)生造成理解和判斷上的困難。面對(duì)這種題型，考生要能透過復(fù)雜的語言環(huán)境，結(jié)合語法結(jié)構(gòu)，還原出“廬山真面目”, 這樣題目就會(huì)變得簡(jiǎn)單，如將感嘆句、倒裝句、疑問句改為陳述句，將被動(dòng)句改為主動(dòng)句等?！究祭?among the crises that face humans _ the lack of natural resources. (2013上海)a. is b. are c. is there d. are there解析: 如果把題干中的倒裝句改為正常語序，句子表達(dá)為：the lack of natural resources _ among the crises that face humans. 我們可以看出此題是對(duì)主謂一致的考查，答案為a。四、語境分析法近年來的高考題往往自然、巧妙地設(shè)置一定的語言情景或故意隱藏某些有效的信息?？忌鷥H憑語法知識(shí)來判斷往往很難做出正確選擇，只有分析具體的語言情境，抓住隱含信息，才能找出答案?！究祭?do you think mom and dad _ late? no. swiss air is usually on time. (2013北京)a. were b. will be c. would be d. have been解析: 句意：你認(rèn)為爸爸和媽媽會(huì)晚到嗎？不會(huì)的，瑞士航空一向準(zhǔn)時(shí)。 根據(jù)語境可知“爸爸和媽媽的飛機(jī)還未到”，應(yīng)該用一般將來時(shí)，故選b項(xiàng)。五、詞義辨析法名詞、動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞等的辨析是歷年高考單項(xiàng)填空題的考查熱點(diǎn)。做此類題時(shí)，考生要注意對(duì)句意做出正確理解，對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較分析，從而選出正確答案?！究祭?butterflies _ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect. (2013湖北)a. carry on b. feed on c. put on d. focus on解析：該題考查“動(dòng)詞+on”構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞辨析。carry on繼續(xù); feed on以為食；put on穿上，上演; focus on集中于。句意：蝴蝶以花蜜為食，這些花蜜是蜜蜂和其它昆蟲采集的。根據(jù)句意選b。六、關(guān)鍵信息提示法解答單項(xiàng)填空題時(shí)，應(yīng)特別留意題干中的關(guān)鍵詞語，這些詞語揭示了答題的關(guān)鍵信息。例如時(shí)態(tài)題中表示時(shí)間的關(guān)鍵詞、倒裝句中位于句首的關(guān)鍵詞以及引起句子使用虛擬語氣的詞等?！究祭?】 eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old. (2013浙江)a. was b. be c. were d. is解析：題干中recommend是答題的關(guān)鍵，其后接賓語從句要用虛擬語氣(謂語動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略)，故答案為b。【考例2】 im calling about the apartment you _ the other day. could you tell me more about it? (2013安徽)a. advertised b. had advertised c. are advertisingd. will advertise解析：此題的關(guān)鍵信息是the other day，通常與一般過去時(shí)連用，故選a。七、句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析法對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析也是考點(diǎn)之一。做題時(shí)要分清是簡(jiǎn)單句還是復(fù)合句，判斷出句子是否缺少成分，然后根據(jù)相關(guān)的語法知識(shí)做出正確的選擇?！究祭?he may win the competition, _ he is likely to get into the national team. (2013遼寧)a. in which case b. in that case c. in what case d. in whose case 解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知：he may win the competition是主句，_ he is likely to get into the national team是定語從句。 答案為a。此題如果不分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，很容易誤選b項(xiàng)；如果選b項(xiàng)，句子應(yīng)為：he may win the competition, and in that case he is likely to get into the national team.八、注意固定搭配(固定句型)固定搭配和固定句型是單項(xiàng)填空考查的熱點(diǎn)，考生在英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中要多積累多記憶，此類試題就會(huì)很容易地解決?！究祭?tony can hardly boil an egg, still _ cook dinner. (2013全國)a. less b. little c. much d. more解析：still less為固定搭配，表示“更不用說，何況”，前面常與否定詞連用。答案為a。九、排除思維定式干擾有些單項(xiàng)填空題利用常見短語、結(jié)構(gòu)或句型等來設(shè)置解題陷阱，若考生不注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，不弄清句子的意思就輕率作答，很容易犯錯(cuò)。因此，對(duì)于那些看似容易的題不要急于作答，而應(yīng)把握全句含義，避開命題人設(shè)置的陷阱?！究祭縤 stopped the car _ a short break as i was feeling tired. (2013山東)a.