大學(xué)公共醫(yī)學(xué)英語-第一單元四級(jí)詞匯及知識(shí)點(diǎn).doc

Unit 1 You Can Be Healthy and Happy一四級(jí)詞匯總結(jié)1. Concern: vt. 1）. (不用被動(dòng)語態(tài))關(guān)于2）. 涉及,關(guān)系到;影響到。 The news concerns your brother. 3）. 使擔(dān)心;使不安 (+about/for)The boys poor health concerned his parents. He is concerned for her safety. 4）使關(guān)心 (+about/with)He was very concerned about her.名詞n. 1）. 關(guān)心的事,重要的事CThats no concern of mine. 2）. 擔(dān)心,掛念;關(guān)懷(+about/for)Andrew expressed his concern. 2. decline： vi. 下降,下跌;減少;衰退,衰落As one grows older ones memory declines. Unemployment declined to 4 percent last month. vt. 婉拒;謝絕+to-vShe declined their invitation. She declined to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasnt feeling well. n.下降;減少There is a decline in real wages. 實(shí)際工資有所減少。 3.eliminate： vt. 1）. 排除,消除,消滅(+from)Our goal is to eliminate poverty. 2）. (比賽中)淘汰(+from)Our team was eliminated from the competition in the first round. 3）. 殺人4.discount： n. 折扣;打折扣We give a special discount of 10 per cent for cash. 如用現(xiàn)金購(gòu)買,我們給予九折優(yōu)待。 vt. 將.打折扣;將商品打去.折扣That store discounts all its slow-selling goods. 那家商店削價(jià)出售所有滯銷貨。 vi. 打折扣出售商品Many stores do not discount at all. 許多商店出售商品一概不打折扣。 5.deliver： vt. 1）. 投遞;傳送;運(yùn)送(+to)The mailman delivered the letters promptly. 那個(gè)郵差準(zhǔn)時(shí)地投遞信件。 2）發(fā)表;講;宣布He delivered an important report at the meeting. 3）. 給.接生;生(嬰兒)She delivered twins in the evening. 6.environment： n. 環(huán)境;四周狀況7.feature：n.1）. 特征,特色(+of)This is a key feature of our society. 2）. 面貌,相貌PHe could recall her features very distinctly. 他能夠清晰地回想起她的容貌。 8.express： vt. 1）. 表達(dá),陳述;Really, I hardly know how to express my gratitude. 2）. 特快發(fā)送,快運(yùn);快遞3）. 榨,擠壓出(+from/out of)The doctor expressed poison from her wound. 9.inherit： vt. (+from)1）. 繼承(傳統(tǒng)、遺產(chǎn)等)He inherited his fathers farm. 2）. 經(jīng)遺傳而獲得(性格、特征等)Jane inherited her mothers big eyes.10.tendency：名詞 n. C1）. 傾向;癖性;天分(+to/toward)+to-vHe has a tendency towards pessimism. Bob has a tendency to exaggerate things. 2）. 趨勢(shì),潮流(+to/toward)+to-vThere is a tendency towards regional cooperation. 。 11.despite： prep. 不管,盡管,任憑in spite ofHe went to work despite his illness. 12.prone:1）. 有.傾向的,易于.的F(+to)+to-vMother is prone to headaches. 2）. 傾斜的;陡的13.approach: vt. 接近,靠近He cautiously approached the house. n. 1）. 接近,靠近;即將達(dá)到U(+of)Snow announced the approach of winter. 2）. 通道,入口C(+to)3）. 方法,方式;態(tài)度C(+to)I like her approach to the problem. 14.maintain: vt. 1）.維持;保持;使繼續(xù)Ann and Mary maintained their friendship for the next thirty years. 2）. 維修,保養(yǎng)Frank maintains his car very well. 3）. 堅(jiān)持;主張;斷言+(that)He maintains that he once saw a UFO. 4）. 供養(yǎng),撫養(yǎng);負(fù)擔(dān),支持Mr. Smith maintains his son at college. 史密斯先生供養(yǎng)念大學(xué)的兒子。 15.permit: vt. 允許,許可,準(zhǔn)許They permitted her to leave. 許可證,執(zhí)照Have you got a permit to fish in this lake? 16.counter: n. 柜臺(tái) 計(jì)算者 計(jì)算器 I bought the watch at the jewelry counter. adv. 反方向地,相反地(+to)He acted counter to old conventions. 他的行為與舊習(xí)俗背道而馳。 a. 相反的;反對(duì)的;對(duì)立的(+to)Our neighbors opinion was counter to that of my parents. counter- 前綴 pref. 表示反對(duì);對(duì)抗;報(bào)復(fù)(如:counterrevolution)17.contribute: vt. 1）. 捐(款);捐獻(xiàn),捐助(+to/towards)He contributed half of his savings to the relief fund. 2）. 貢獻(xiàn),提供(+to/towards)He didnt contribute one idea to the document. vi. 1）. 捐獻(xiàn)(+to/towards)He contributed generously to the Red Cross. 他對(duì)紅十字會(huì)慷慨捐助。 2）. 貢獻(xiàn),出力(+to/towards)He never contributes to the discussion. 他在討論時(shí)從不發(fā)表意見。18.immune: 免疫的19.pursue: 1）. 追趕;追蹤;追捕The policemen pursued the bank robbers. 2）. (疾病等)糾纏;跟隨He has been pursued by misfortune. 他厄運(yùn)連連。 3）.追求;向.求愛She pursued the goal of perfection in her art. 她的目標(biāo)是追求藝術(shù)上的完美境界。 4）. 進(jìn)行;從事;繼續(xù)He has set his heart on pursuing his studies abroad. 他下決心到國(guó)外求學(xué)。 20.reinforce： 1）.增援,加強(qiáng)The general reinforced the fort with more troops. 將軍派更多的軍隊(duì)增援要塞。 2）. 增加,補(bǔ)充3）. 加固4）. 強(qiáng)化,加深;使更具說服力Newspapers like this tend to reinforce peoples prejudices. 21.enhance: 提高,增加(價(jià)值,品質(zhì),吸引力等)Beautiful coloured illustrations enhanced the book. 漂亮的彩色插圖使這本書更具吸引力。 二文章知識(shí)點(diǎn)1. Health, as is known 非限定性定語從句，as可換成 which，但不可用that 2. turn out to be 結(jié)果是 3. born healthy 天生的 Everybody is born equal(獨(dú)立宣言) 4. lead a life 生活 過日子 5. in detail 詳細(xì)的 6. be succeed in doing 成功做某事 manage to do 經(jīng)過一番努力之后取得成功7. diminish 降低 減少 8. contrary to widespread belief 與普遍理念相對(duì)的是 9. succumb to 屈服于 死于 give in 妥協(xié) 屈服 10.many more of us than now do can succumb not to illness,but merely to old age: many more of us succmb not to illness but succmb to old age11. asas not so as12. die young as late in life as possible 盡量將健康的狀態(tài)保持到生命的最后一刻 13. despite in spite of 盡管14. driven 驅(qū)使 壓迫Driven approach to lifes task 緊迫的生活方式15.prone to 有某種趨勢(shì)的 易受影響的Susceptible to predisposed to16ego 自我弗洛伊德心理學(xué)：idle本我 ego自我 super-ego超我17.contribute to result in lead to 導(dǎo)致 引起18. due to thanks to because of 由于 歸因于19. in infancy 嬰幼兒時(shí)期（一般指3歲以前）20. Doctors may fix the broken plaster on ceiling,but not the chronic leak that caused it:Doctors can just fix the broken plaster on ceiling, but they can not fix the chronic leak.21. make a difference :有關(guān)系，有影響，有重要性 取得成功make no difference：沒有關(guān)系，沒有重要性 It wont make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. 22. take responsibility for 為.負(fù)責(zé)任 You have to take responsibility for your action. 23. regular irregular regulation規(guī)則 條例24.be armed with 以 武裝自己25. call into play發(fā)生作用26Bear in mind 銘記三 課后小結(jié)1. turn out to be turn out Dont worry, everything will turn out to be fine.The guy we talked to turned out to be his second cousin.It is turned out that she didnt get the job. 2. concern: vt. to whom it may (the beginning of a letter that anyone may read) 敬啟者（寫在正式信函開頭的一句套話，用于寫信人不知道收信人的姓名時(shí)）These problems s all of us.to make someone feel worried or upset It s me that ，這令我擔(dān)憂。 about / over 3. contrary to widespread belief contrary to popular belief contrary to what you might think contrary to expectation4. succumb: vi. （to sth.） “屈從，放棄抵抗，抵擋不?。ü?、誘惑等）”；醫(yī)學(xué)中指“病情加重，死于He finally ed to Lucys charms and agreed to her request. His career was cut short when he ed to cancer.5. -hood “集體”,“團(tuán)體”：knighthood “(同等性質(zhì)或狀況等的)成員”：brotherhood “狀態(tài)”,“狀況”：likelihood “時(shí)期”：childhood -ship “身份”、“地位”、 “職業(yè)”：governorship “情況”,“狀態(tài)”,“性質(zhì)”：hardship, friendship “之間的關(guān)系”：fellowship6. 傾向于be prone toMother is prone to headaches. 傾斜的;陡的be predisposed to be liable to 7. contribute vt. 1. 捐(款);捐獻(xiàn),捐助(+to/towards)He contributed half of his savings to the relief fund. 2. 貢獻(xiàn),提供(+to/towards)He didnt contribute one idea to the document. vi. 1. 捐獻(xiàn)(+to/towards)He contributed generously to the Red Cross. 他對(duì)紅十字會(huì)慷慨捐助。 2. 貢獻(xiàn),出力(+to/towards)He never contributes to the discussion. 他在討論時(shí)從不發(fā)表意見。. 8. cripple v. He was crippled in the war.9. counter:. 柜臺(tái)計(jì)算者 計(jì)算器I bought the watch at the jewelry counter. adv. 反方向地,相反地(+to)He acted counter to old conventions. 他的行為與舊習(xí)俗背道而馳。Our neighbors opinion was counter to that of my parents. counter-前綴表示反對(duì);對(duì)抗;報(bào)復(fù)(如:counterrevolution)One way of ing these problems would be to redistribute wealth among the poor10. decline： vi. 下降,下跌;減少;衰退,衰落As one grows older ones memory declines. Unemployment declined to 4 percent last month. vt. 婉拒;謝絕+to-vShe declined their invitation. She declined to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasnt feeling well. n. 下降;減少There is a decline in real wages. 實(shí)際工資有所減少。 11.eliminate： vt. 1. 排除,消除,消滅(+from)Our goal is to eliminate poverty. 2. (比賽中)淘汰(+from)Our team was eliminated from the competition in the first round. 3. 殺人12.discount： n. 折扣;打折扣We give a special discount of 10 per cent for cash. 如用現(xiàn)金購(gòu)買,我們給予九折優(yōu)待。 vt. 將.打折扣;將商品打去.折扣That store discounts all its slow-selling goods. 那家商店削價(jià)出售所有滯銷貨。 vi. 打折扣出售商品Many stores do not discount at all. 許多商店出售商品一概不打折扣。 13.deliver： vt. 1. 投遞;傳送;運(yùn)送(+to)The mailman delivered the letters promptly. 那個(gè)郵差準(zhǔn)時(shí)地投遞信件。 2發(fā)表;講;宣布He delivered an important report at the meeting. 3. 給.接生;生(嬰兒)She delivered twins in the evening. 14.feature：n.1. 特征,特色(+of)This is a key feature of our society. 2. 面貌,相貌PHe could recall her features very distinctly. 他能夠清晰地回想起她的容貌。 15.express： vt. 1. 表達(dá),陳述;Really, I hardly know how to express my gratitude. 2. 特快發(fā)送,快運(yùn);快遞3. 榨,擠壓出(+from/out of)The doctor expressed poison from her wound. 16.inherit： vt. (+from)1. 繼承(傳統(tǒng)、遺產(chǎn)等)He inherited his fathers farm. 2. 經(jīng)遺傳而獲得(性格、特征等)Jane inherited her mothers big eyes.17.tendency：名詞 n. 1. 傾向;癖性;天分(+to/toward)+to-vHe has a tendency towards pessimism. Bob has a tendency to exaggerate things. 2. 趨勢(shì),潮流(+to/toward)+to-vThere is a tendency towards regional cooperation. 。 18.despite： prep. 1. 不管,盡管,任憑in spite ofHe went to work despite his illness. 19.approach: vt. 接近,靠近He cautiously approached the house. n. 1. 接近,靠近;即將達(dá)到U(+of)Snow announced the approach of winter. 2. 通道,入口C(+to)3. 方法,方式;態(tài)度C(+to)I like h